Low troponin I levels predict the presence of arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy in patients with atrial fibrillation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Successful atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation can improve reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with AF, which is defined as arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC). However, it is difficult to pre-procedurally predict the presence of AIC. We aimed to explore the pre-procedural predictors of AIC in patients with AF and reduced LVEF. This study included 60 patients with a reduced LVEF (LVEF < 50%; 69.1 ± 8.8 years; 45 men) who underwent successful AF ablation. Responders were defined as patients whose LVEF post-procedurally improved to the normal range (≥ 50%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the log-transformed pre-procedural troponin I (TnI) levels (odds ratio [OR] = 0.059; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0052–0.42, p = 0.003) and age (OR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.82–1.00, p = 0.044) were independent predictors of post-procedural LVEF recovery; further, low TnI levels (< 11.1 pg/ml) predicted LVEF recovery (sensitivity, 79.1%; specificity, 76.5%; positive predictive value, 89.5%; and negative predictive value, 59.1%). There were no significant differences in TnI levels between the baseline and 1 month after the procedure. However, four patients with high baseline TnI levels showed a > 50% reduction in the TnI levels post-procedurally, with three of these patients showing LVEF recovery. Low pre-procedural TnI levels can predict LVEF recovery after successful AF ablation in patients with reduced LVEF.