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Clinical & Translational Metabolism
Published in: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism 3-4/2011

01-12-2011 | Original Paper

Calcium Nephrolithiasis

Authors: Zachary Z. Brener, James F. Winchester, Michael Bergman

Published in: Clinical & Translational Metabolism | Issue 3-4/2011

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Abstract

Nephrolithiasis is a major cause of morbidity involving the urinary tract. The prevalence of this disease in the United States increased from 3.8% in the 1970s to 5.2% in the 1990s. There were nearly 2 million physician office visits for nephrolithiasis in 2000, and estimated annual costs totaled $2 billion. About 80% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate with variable amounts of calcium phosphate. New information has become available on the clinical presentation, epidemiologic risk factors, evaluative approach, and outcome of various therapeutic strategies. In this report, we will review the epidemiology and mechanisms of calcium kidney stones formation and outline management aimed at preventing recurrences. Improved awareness and education in both the general population and among health care providers about these modifiable risk factors has the potential to improve general health and decrease morbidity and mortality secondary to renal stone disease.
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Metadata
Title
Calcium Nephrolithiasis
Authors
Zachary Z. Brener
James F. Winchester
Michael Bergman
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Clinical & Translational Metabolism / Issue 3-4/2011
Print ISSN: 1534-8644
Electronic ISSN: 2948-2445
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12018-011-9103-9

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