Top

BMC Health Services Research

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Burnout Syndrome | Research article

Relationships between burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources for mental health personnel in an Australian mental health service

Authors: Justin Newton Scanlan, Megan Still

Published in: BMC Health Services Research | Issue 1/2019

Abstract

Background

Burnout and employee turnover in mental health services are costly and can have a negative impact on service user outcomes. Using the Job Demands-Resources model as a foundation, the aim of this study was to explore the relationships between burnout, turnover intention and job satisfaction in relation to specific job demands and job resources present in the workplace in the context of one Australian mental health service with approximately 1100 clinical staff.

Methods

The study took a cross-sectional survey approach. The survey included demographic questions, measures of burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources.

Results

A total of 277 mental health personnel participated. Job satisfaction, turnover intention and burnout were all strongly inter-correlated. The job resources of rewards and recognition, job control, feedback and participation were associated with burnout, turnover intention and job satisfaction. Additionally, the job demands of emotional demands, shiftwork and work-home interference were associated with the exhaustion component of burnout.

Conclusion

This study is the largest of its kind to be completed with Australian mental health personnel. Results can be used as a foundation for the development of strategies designed to reduce burnout and turnover intention and enhance job satisfaction.

Available only for authorised users

Morse G, Salyers MP, Rollins AL, Monroe-DeVita M, Pfahler C. Burnout in mental health services: a review of the problem and its remediation. Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res. 2012;39:341–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-011-0352-1.CrossRef

Salyers MP, Fukui S, Rollins AL, Firmin R, Gearhart T, Noll JP, Williams S, Davis CJ. Burnout and self-reported quality of Care in Community Mental Health. Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res. 2015;42(1):61–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-014-0544-6.CrossRef

Sørgaard KW, Ryan P, Hill R, Dawson I. The OSCAR group: sources of stress and burnout in acute psychiatric care: inpatient vs. community staff. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2007;42:794–802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-007-0228-6. CrossRefPubMed

Aiken LH, Sermeus W, Van den Heede K, Sloane DM, Busse R, McKee M, Bruyneel L, Rafferty AM, Griffiths P, Moreno-Casbas MT, et al. Patient safety, satisfaction, and quality of hospital care: cross sectional surveys of nurses and patients in 12 countries in Europe and the United States. BMJ. 2012;344. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e1717.

Neveu J-P. Burnout and consequences: a review of health professional maltreatment of the patient. In: Halbesleben JRB, editor. Handbook of stress and burnout in health care. New York: Nova Science; 2008. p. 157–72.

Geurts S, Schaufeli W, De Jonge J. Burnout and intention to leave among mental health-care professionals: a social psychological approach. J Soc Clin Psychol. 1998;17(3):341–62. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1998.17.3.341.CrossRef

Jones CB. The cost of nurse turnover: part 1: an economic perspective. JONA. 2004;34:562-570.CrossRef

O'Brien-Pallas L, Griffin P, Shamian J, Buchan J, Duffield C, Hughes F, Spence Laschinger HK, North N, Stone PW. The impact of nurse turnover on patient, nurse and system outcomes: a pilot study and focus for a multicenter international study. Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 2006;7:169–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527154406291936.CrossRefPubMed

Woltmann EM, Whitley R, McHugo GJ, Brunette M, Torrey WC, Coots L, Lynde D, Drake RE. The role of staff turnover in the implementation of evidence-based practices in mental health care. Psychiatr Serv. 2008;59:732–7.CrossRef

10.

Acker GM. Burnout among mental health care providers. J Soc Work. 2012;12(5):475–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017310392418.CrossRef

11.

Paris M, Hoge MA. Burnout in the mental health workforce: a review. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2010;37(4):519–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-009-9202-2.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Dreison KC, White DA, Bauer SM, Salyers MP, McGuire AB. Integrating self-determination and job demands–resources theory in predicting mental health provider burnout. Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-016-0772-z.

13.

Luther L, Gearhart T, Fukui S, Morse G, Rollins AL, Salyers MP. Working overtime in community mental health: associations with clinician burnout and perceived quality of care. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2017;40:252–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000234.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Westwood S, Morison L, Allt J, Holmes N. Predictors of emotional exhaustion, disengagement and burnout among improving access to psychological therapies (IAPT) practitioners. J Ment Health. 2017;26(2):172–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2016.1276540.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Yanchus NJ, Periard D, Osatuke K. Further examination of predictors of turnover intention among mental health professionals. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2017;24(1):41–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12354.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Kim H, Stoner M. Burnout and turnover intention among social workers: effects of role stress, job autonomy and social support. Adm Soc Work. 2008;32(3):5–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03643100801922357.CrossRef

17.

Sheidow AJ, Schoenwald SK, Wagner HR, Allred CA, Burns BJ. Predictors of workforce turnover in a transported treatment program. Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res. 2007;34(1):45–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-006-0061-3.CrossRef

18.

Scanlan JN, Still M. Job satisfaction, burnout and turnover intention in occupational therapists working in mental health. Aust Occup Ther J. 2013;60:310–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12067. CrossRefPubMed

19.

Bakker AB, Demerouti E. The job demands-resources model: state of the art. J Manag Psychol. 2007;22:309–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115.CrossRef

20.

Bakker AB, Demerouti E. Job demands-resources theory: taking stock and looking forward. J Occup Health Psychol. 2017;22:273–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Nachreiner F, Schaufeli WB. The job demands-resources model of burnout. J Appl Psychol. 2001;86:499–512. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.86.3.499.CrossRefPubMed

22.

O'Connor K, Neff DM, Pitman S. Burnout in mental health professionals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and determinants. European Psychiatry. 2018;53:74–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.06.003.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Happell B, Martin T, Pinikahana J. Burnout and job satisfaction: a comparative study of psychiatric nurses from forensic and a mainstream mental health service. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2003;12:39–47. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0979.2003.00267.x.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Lloyd C, King R. A survey of burnout among Australian mental health occupational therapists and social workers. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2004;39:752–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0808-7.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Scanlan JN, Meredith P, Poulsen AA. Enhancing retention of occupational therapists working in mental health: relationships between wellbeing at work and turnover intention. Aust Occup Ther J. 2013;60:395–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12074.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Vardakou I, Kantas A. The convergent validity of two burnout instruments: a multitrait-multimethod analysis. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2003;19:12–23. https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.19.1.12. CrossRef

27.

Demerouti E, Mostert K, Bakker AB. Burnout and work engagement: a thorough investigation of the independency of both constructs. J Occup Health Psychol. 2010;15:209–22. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019408.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Yang S, Meredith P, Khan A. Stress and burnout among healthcare professionals working in a mental health setting in Singapore. Asian J Psychiatr. 2015;15:15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2015.04.005.CrossRef

29.

Halbesleben JRB, Demerouti E. The construct validity of an alternative measure of burnout: investigating the English translation of the Oldenburg burnout inventory. Work Stress. 2005;19:208–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370500340728.CrossRef

30.

Ali Shah I, Fakhr Z, Ahmad MS, Zaman K. Measuring push, pull and personal factors affecting turnover intention: a case of university teachers in Pakistan. Review Econ Business Stud. 2010;3(1):167–92.

31.

Dolbier CL, Webster JA, McCalister KT, Mallon MW, Steinhardt MA. Reliability and validity of a single-item measure of job satisfaction. Am J Health Promot. 2005;19(3):194–8. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-19.3.194.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Fisher GG, Matthews RA, Gibbons AM. Developing and investigating the use of single-item measures in organizational research. J Occup Health Psychol. 2016;21(1):3–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039139.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Wanous JP, Reichers AE, Hudy MJ. Overall job satisfaction: how good are single-item measures? J Appl Psychol. 1997;82(2):247–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.247.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Bakker AB, Demerouti E, Euwema MC. Job resources buffer the impact of job demands on burnout. J Occup Health Psychol. 2005;10:170–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20004. CrossRefPubMed

35.

Van den Broeck A, De Cuyper N, De Witte H, Vansteenkiste M. Not all job demands are equal: differentiating job hindrances and job challenges in the job demands-resources model. Eur J Work Organ Psychol. 2010;19:735–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320903223839.CrossRef

36.

Morgeson FP, Humphrey SE. The work design questionnaire (WDQ): developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. J Appl Psychol. 2006;91:1321–39. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Larrabee JH, Janney MA, Ostrow CL, Withrow ML, Hobbs GRJ, Burant C. Predicting registered nurse job satisfaction and intent to leave. J Nurs Adm. 2003;33(5):271–83.CrossRef

38.

Zhang Y, Feng X. The relationship between job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention among physicians from urban state-owned medical institutions in Hubei, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11(1):235. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-11-235. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

39.

de Jonge J, Dormann C, Janssen PPM, Dollard MF, Landeweerd JA, Nijhuis FJN. Testing reciprocal relationships between job characteristics and psychological well-being: a cross-lagged structural equation model. J Occup Organ Psychol. 2001;74:29–46.CrossRef

40.

Lu ACC, Gursoy D. Impact of job burnout on satisfaction and turnover intention:do generational differences matter? J Hosp Tour Res. 2016;40(2):210–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348013495696. CrossRef

41.

Julià M, Vanroelen C, Bosmans K, Aerden KV, Benach J: Precarious employment and quality of employment in relation to health and well-being in Europe. Int J Health Serv 2017, online early; doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731417707491.

42.

McGann M, White K, Moss J. Labour casualization and the psychosocial health of workers in Australia. Work Employ Soc. 2016;30(5):766–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017016633022.CrossRef

43.

Onyett S, Pillinger T, Muijen M. Job satisfaction and burnout among members of community mental health teams. J Ment Health. 1997;6(1):55–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638239719049.CrossRef

44.

Yanchus NJ, Periard D, Moore SC, Carle AC, Osatuke K. Predictors of job satisfaction and turnover intention in VHA mental health employees: a comparison between psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and mental health nurses. Human Service Organ Manage Leadership Governance. 2015;39(3):219–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2015.1014953.CrossRef

45.

Brown P, Fraser K, Wong CA, Muise M, Cummings G. Factors influencing intentions to stay and retention of nurse managers: a systematic review. J Nurs Manag. 2013;21(3):459–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01352.x.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Warshawsky NE, Havens DS. Nurse manager job satisfaction and intent to leave. Nurs Econ. 2014;32(1):32–9.PubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Cole MS, Bruch H. Organizational identity strength, identification, and commitment and their relationships to turnover intention: does organizational hierarchy matter? J Organ Behav. 2006;27(5):585–605. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.378.CrossRef

48.

Laschinger HKS, Purdy N, Almost J. The impact of leader-member exchange quality, empowerment, and Core self-evaluation on nurse Manager's job satisfaction. J Nurs Adm. 2007;37(5):221–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nna.0000269746.63007.08.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Jambrak J, Deane FP, Williams V. Value motivations predict burnout and intentions to leave among mental health professionals. J Ment Health. 2014;23(3):120–4. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2013.869576.CrossRefPubMed

50.

Xanthopoulou D, Bakker AB, Dollard MF, Demerouti E, Schaufeli WB, Taris TW, Schreurs PJG. When do job demands particularly predict burnout? The moderating role of job resources. J Manag Psychol. 2007;22:766–86. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710837714. CrossRef

51.

Green AE, Miller EA, Aarons GA. Transformational leadership moderates the relationship between emotional exhaustion and turnover intention among community mental health providers. Community Ment Health J. 2011;49(4):373–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-011-9463-0.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Tuckey MR, Bakker AB, Dollard MF. Empowering leaders optimize working conditions for engagement: a multilevel study. J Occup Health Psychol. 2012;17:15–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025942.CrossRefPubMed

53.

Nelson B. Formal recognition programs do not work. Ind Commer Train. 2004;36:243–6. https://doi.org/10.1108/00197850410556685.CrossRef

54.

Thomas CH, Lankau MJ. Preventing burnout: the effects of LMX and mentoring on socialisation, role stress, and burnout. Hum Resour Manag. 2009;48:417–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20288.CrossRef

55.

Salgado JD, Deand FP, Crowe TP, Oades LG. Hope and improvements in mental health service providers' recovery attitudes following training. J Ment Health. 2010;19:243–8. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638230903531126.CrossRefPubMed

56.

De Menezes LM, Kelliher C. Flexible working, individual performance, and employee attitudes: comparing formal and informal arrangements. Hum Resour Manag. 2017;56(6):1051–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21822.CrossRef

57.

National Health and Medical Research Council. National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2007 (updated May 2015).

Title: Relationships between burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources for mental health personnel in an Australian mental health service
Authors: Justin Newton Scanlan
Megan Still
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keyword: Burnout Syndrome
Published in: BMC Health Services Research / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6963
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3841-z

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Relationships between burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources for mental health personnel in an Australian mental health service

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

The role of health and advocacy organisations in assisting female sex workers to gain access to health care in South Africa

Is it time to rethink how we page physicians? Understanding paging patterns in a tertiary care hospital

Emergency department crowding and length of stay before and after an increased catchment area

Beyond hybrid professionals: evidence from the hospital sector

Health service brokerage to improve primary care access for populations experiencing vulnerability or disadvantage: a systematic review and realist synthesis

An administrative model for benchmarking hospitals on their 30-day sepsis mortality