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Open Access 01-12-2022 | Bronchial Asthma | Research

The burden of chronic respiratory disease and attributable risk factors in North Africa and Middle East: findings from global burden of disease study (GBD) 2019

Authors: Aida Fallahzadeh, Yeganeh Sharifnejad Tehrani, Ali Sheikhy, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Zahra Esfahani, Maryam Nasserinejad, Parnian Shobeiri, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Nazila Rezaei, Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan, Negar Rezaei, Bagher Larijani, Farshad Farzadfar

Published in: Respiratory Research | Issue 1/2022

Abstract

Background

North Africa and Middle East (NAME) has an increasing burden of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs); however, a systematic understanding of the distribution and trends is not available. We aimed to report the trends of CRDs and attributable risk factors in this region between 1990 and 2019.

Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019, cause specific mortality served as the basis for estimating incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The burden attributable to risk factors was calculated by a comparative risk assessment and contribution of population ageing and growth was determined by decomposition analysis.

Results

The number of deaths due to CRD in 2019 were 128,513 (110,781 to 114,351). In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of CRDs was 1052.8 (924.3 to 1209.4) per 100,000 population and had a 10.3% increase and the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was 36.1 (30.9 to 40.3) with a 32.9% decrease compared to 1990. In 2019, United Arab Emirates had the highest ASIR (1412.7 [1237.3 to 1622.2]) and Afghanistan had the highest ASDR (67.8 [52.0 to 81.3]). CRDs were responsible for 2.91% of total DALYs in 2019 (1.69% due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] and 1.02% due to asthma). With regard to the components of DALYs, the age-standardized rate of years of life lost (YLL) had a − 39.0% (− 47.1 to − 30.3) decrease; while the age-standardized rate of years lived with disability (YLD) had a 13.4% (9.5 to 17.7) increase. Of total ASDRs of CRDs, 31.6% were attributable to smoking and 14.4% to ambient particulate matter pollution.

Conclusion

CRDs remain a leading cause of death and disability in NAME, with growth in absolute numbers. COPD and asthma were the most common CRDs and smoking was the leading risk factor especially in men. More attention is needed in order to reduce CRDs’ burden through appropriate interventions and policies.

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Title: The burden of chronic respiratory disease and attributable risk factors in North Africa and Middle East: findings from global burden of disease study (GBD) 2019
Authors: Aida Fallahzadeh
Yeganeh Sharifnejad Tehrani
Ali Sheikhy
Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari
Esmaeil Mohammadi
Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
Zahra Esfahani
Maryam Nasserinejad
Parnian Shobeiri
Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
Nazila Rezaei
Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan
Negar Rezaei
Bagher Larijani
Farshad Farzadfar
Publication date: 01-12-2022
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Bronchial Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Published in: Respiratory Research / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1465-993X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-022-02187-3

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