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Published in: Diabetologia 1/2020

01-01-2020 | Breast Cancer

Breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening in adults with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Dominika Bhatia, Iliana C. Lega, Wei Wu, Lorraine L. Lipscombe

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of developing and dying from cancer. Evidence-based guidelines recommend universal screening for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer; however, evidence on the uptake of these tests in individuals with diabetes is mixed. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the association between diabetes and participation in breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched systematically for publications between 1 January 1997 and 18 July 2018. The search was supplemented by handsearching of reference lists of the included studies and known literature reviews. Abstracts and full texts were assessed in duplicate according to the following eligibility criteria: study conducted in the general population; diabetes included as a predictor vs a comparison group without diabetes; and breast (mammography), cervical (Papanicolaou smear) or colorectal (faecal and endoscopic tests) cancer screening uptake included as an outcome. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using the most-adjusted estimates for each cancer site.

Results

Thirty-seven studies (25 cross-sectional, 12 cohorts) were included, with 27 studies on breast, 19 on cervical and 18 on colorectal cancer screening. Having diabetes was associated with significantly lower likelihood of breast (adjusted OR 0.83 [95% CI 0.77, 0.90]) and cervical (OR 0.76 [95% CI 0.71, 0.81]) cancer screening, relative to not having diabetes. Colorectal cancer screening was comparable across groups with and without diabetes (OR 0.95 [95% CI 0.86, 1.06]); however, women with diabetes were less likely to receive a colorectal cancer screening test than women without diabetes (OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.77, 0.97]).

Conclusions/interpretation

Our findings suggest that women with diabetes have suboptimal breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening rates, compared with women without diabetes, although the absolute differences might be modest. Given the increased risk of cancer in this population, higher quality prospective evidence is necessary to evaluate the contribution of diabetes to cancer screening disparities in relation to other patient-, provider- and system-level factors.

Registration

PROSPERO registration ID CRD42017073107.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening in adults with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors
Dominika Bhatia
Iliana C. Lega
Wei Wu
Lorraine L. Lipscombe
Publication date
01-01-2020
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Diabetologia / Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-04995-7

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