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Breast Cancer Research
Published in: Breast Cancer Research 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Breast Cancer | Research

Matrix Gla protein (MGP), GATA3, and TRPS1: a novel diagnostic panel to determine breast origin

Authors: Tian Du, Lu Pan, Chengyou Zheng, Keming Chen, Yuanzhong Yang, Jiewei Chen, Xue Chao, Mei Li, Jiabin Lu, Rongzhen Luo, Jinhui Zhang, Yu Wu, Jiehua He, Dongping Jiang, Peng Sun

Published in: Breast Cancer Research | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

Background

Metastatic breast carcinoma is commonly considered during differential diagnosis when metastatic disease is detected in females. In addition to the tumor morphology and documented clinical history, sensitive and specific immunohistochemical (IHC) markers such as GCDFP-15, mammaglobin, and GATA3 are helpful for determining breast origin. However, these markers are reported to show lower sensitivity in certain subtypes, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Materials and methods

Using bioinformatics analyses, we identified a potential diagnostic panel to determine breast origin: matrix Gla protein (MGP), transcriptional repressor GATA binding 1 (TRPS1), and GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3). We compared MGP, TRPS1, and GATA3 expression in different subtypes of breast carcinoma of (n = 1201) using IHC. As a newly identified marker, MGP expression was also evaluated in solid tumors (n = 2384) and normal tissues (n = 1351) from different organs.

Results

MGP and TRPS1 had comparable positive expression in HER2-positive (91.2% vs. 92.0%, p = 0.79) and TNBC subtypes (87.3% vs. 91.2%, p = 0.18). GATA3 expression was lower than MGP (p < 0.001) or TRPS1 (p < 0.001), especially in HER2-positive (77.0%, p < 0.001) and TNBC (43.3%, p < 0.001) subtypes. TRPS1 had the highest positivity rate (97.9%) in metaplastic TNBCs, followed by MGP (88.6%), while only 47.1% of metaplastic TNBCs were positive for GATA3. When using MGP, GATA3, and TRPS1 as a novel IHC panel, 93.0% of breast carcinomas were positive for at least two markers, and only 9 cases were negative for all three markers. MGP was detected in 36 cases (3.0%) that were negative for both GATA3 and TRPS1. MGP showed mild-to-moderate positive expression in normal hepatocytes, renal tubules, as well as 31.1% (99/318) of hepatocellular carcinomas. Rare cases (0.6–5%) had focal MGP expression in renal, ovarian, lung, urothelial, and cholangiocarcinomas.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that MGP is a newly identified sensitive IHC marker to support breast origin. MGP, TRPS1, and GATA3 could be applied as a reliable diagnostic panel to determine breast origin in clinical practice.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Matrix Gla protein (MGP), GATA3, and TRPS1: a novel diagnostic panel to determine breast origin
Authors
Tian Du
Lu Pan
Chengyou Zheng
Keming Chen
Yuanzhong Yang
Jiewei Chen
Xue Chao
Mei Li
Jiabin Lu
Rongzhen Luo
Jinhui Zhang
Yu Wu
Jiehua He
Dongping Jiang
Peng Sun
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Breast Cancer Research / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-022-01569-1

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