Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Journal of Medical Research 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Breast Cancer | Research

BUN level is associated with cancer prevalence

Authors: Cai Wang, Hao Sun, Jin Liu

Published in: European Journal of Medical Research | Issue 1/2023

Login to get access

Abstract

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was an important biomarker for the development and prognosis of many diseases. Numerous studies had demonstrated that BUN had a strong relationship with long-term mortality, survival and the prevalence of some diseases. The diagnosis and treatment, prognosis and long-term survival rate of cancer were the focus of clinical research at present. However, the relationship between BUN level and cancer prevalence was not clear. To investigate the relationship between BUN level and cancer prevalence, we performed a statistical analysis of population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The results of the study showed that BUN level were positively correlated with cancer prevalence, and the correlation was more pronounced in breast cancer.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Beier K, Eppanapally S, Bazick HS, et al. Elevation of blood urea nitrogen is predictive of long-term mortality in critically ill patients independent of “normal” creatinine. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(2):305–13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Beier K, Eppanapally S, Bazick HS, et al. Elevation of blood urea nitrogen is predictive of long-term mortality in critically ill patients independent of “normal” creatinine. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(2):305–13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
go back to reference Lindenfeld J, Schrier RW. Blood urea nitrogen a marker for adverse effects of loop diuretics? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(4):383–5.CrossRefPubMed Lindenfeld J, Schrier RW. Blood urea nitrogen a marker for adverse effects of loop diuretics? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(4):383–5.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Du J, Niu J, Ma L, Sui Y, Wang S. Association between blood urea nitrogen levels and length of stay in patients with pneumonic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: a secondary analysis based on a multicentre, retrospective cohort study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:2847–56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Du J, Niu J, Ma L, Sui Y, Wang S. Association between blood urea nitrogen levels and length of stay in patients with pneumonic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: a secondary analysis based on a multicentre, retrospective cohort study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:2847–56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
go back to reference Chen CC, Hsieh JC, Chao CH, et al. Correlation between breath ammonia and blood urea nitrogen levels in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. J Breath Res. 2020;14(3):036002.CrossRefPubMed Chen CC, Hsieh JC, Chao CH, et al. Correlation between breath ammonia and blood urea nitrogen levels in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. J Breath Res. 2020;14(3):036002.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Lin SF, Teng HE, Lin HC. Blood urea nitrogen levels to verify estimated glomerular filtration rate, as derived from 2 commonly used equations. Lab Med. 2019;50(3):298–305.CrossRefPubMed Lin SF, Teng HE, Lin HC. Blood urea nitrogen levels to verify estimated glomerular filtration rate, as derived from 2 commonly used equations. Lab Med. 2019;50(3):298–305.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Calice-Silva V, Sacomboio E, Raimann JG, Evans R, et al. Diagnostic performance of salivary urea nitrogen dipstick to detect and monitor acute kidney disease in patients with malaria. Malar J. 2018;17(1):477.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Calice-Silva V, Sacomboio E, Raimann JG, Evans R, et al. Diagnostic performance of salivary urea nitrogen dipstick to detect and monitor acute kidney disease in patients with malaria. Malar J. 2018;17(1):477.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
go back to reference Evans RDR, Hemmila U, Mzinganjira H, et al. Diagnostic performance of a point-of-care saliva urea nitrogen dipstick to screen for kidney disease in low-resource settings where serum creatinine is unavailable. BMJ Glob Health. 2020; 5(5):1. Evans RDR, Hemmila U, Mzinganjira H, et al. Diagnostic performance of a point-of-care saliva urea nitrogen dipstick to screen for kidney disease in low-resource settings where serum creatinine is unavailable. BMJ Glob Health. 2020; 5(5):1.
8.
go back to reference Xie Y, Bowe B, Li T, Xian H, Al-Aly Z. Blood urea nitrogen and risk of insulin use among people with diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2018;15(5):409–16.CrossRefPubMed Xie Y, Bowe B, Li T, Xian H, Al-Aly Z. Blood urea nitrogen and risk of insulin use among people with diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2018;15(5):409–16.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Jujo K, Minami Y, Haruki S, et al. Persistent high blood urea nitrogen level is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with acute heart failure. ESC Heart Fail. 2017;4(4):545–53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jujo K, Minami Y, Haruki S, et al. Persistent high blood urea nitrogen level is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with acute heart failure. ESC Heart Fail. 2017;4(4):545–53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Otto CM. Heartbeat: blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio predicts outcome in acute heart failure. Heart. 2017;103(6):399–401.CrossRefPubMed Otto CM. Heartbeat: blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio predicts outcome in acute heart failure. Heart. 2017;103(6):399–401.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Dundar ZD, Kucukceran K, Ayranci MK. Blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio is a predictor of in-hospital mortality in older emergency department patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;46:349–54.CrossRefPubMed Dundar ZD, Kucukceran K, Ayranci MK. Blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio is a predictor of in-hospital mortality in older emergency department patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;46:349–54.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference You S, Zheng D, Zhong C, et al. Prognostic significance of blood urea nitrogen in acute ischemic stroke. Circ J. 2018;82(2):572–8.CrossRefPubMed You S, Zheng D, Zhong C, et al. Prognostic significance of blood urea nitrogen in acute ischemic stroke. Circ J. 2018;82(2):572–8.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Hu B, Xu G, Jin X, et al. Novel prognostic predictor for primary pulmonary hypertension: focus on blood urea nitrogen. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:724179.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hu B, Xu G, Jin X, et al. Novel prognostic predictor for primary pulmonary hypertension: focus on blood urea nitrogen. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:724179.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Zhao X, Wu X. Polycomb-group proteins in the initiation and progression of cancer. J Genet Genomics. 2021;48(6):433–43.CrossRefPubMed Zhao X, Wu X. Polycomb-group proteins in the initiation and progression of cancer. J Genet Genomics. 2021;48(6):433–43.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Undi RB, Filiberti A, Ali N, Huycke MM. Cellular carcinogenesis: role of polarized macrophages in cancer initiation. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(11):1. Undi RB, Filiberti A, Ali N, Huycke MM. Cellular carcinogenesis: role of polarized macrophages in cancer initiation. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(11):1.
17.
go back to reference Arshad Z, McDonald JF. Changes in gene–gene interactions associated with cancer onset and progression are largely independent of changes in gene expression. Science. 2021;24(12):103522. Arshad Z, McDonald JF. Changes in gene–gene interactions associated with cancer onset and progression are largely independent of changes in gene expression. Science. 2021;24(12):103522.
19.
go back to reference Giuliani C. The flavonoid quercetin induces AP-1 activation in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019;8(5):1. Giuliani C. The flavonoid quercetin induces AP-1 activation in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019;8(5):1.
20.
go back to reference Zhang Z, Wang M, Xu L, et al. Cancer occurrence following azathioprine treatment in myasthenia gravis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2021;88:70–4.CrossRefPubMed Zhang Z, Wang M, Xu L, et al. Cancer occurrence following azathioprine treatment in myasthenia gravis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2021;88:70–4.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Han B, Gong M, Li Z, Qiu Y, Zou Z. NMR-based metabonomic study reveals intervention effects of polydatin on potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia in rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:6943860.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Han B, Gong M, Li Z, Qiu Y, Zou Z. NMR-based metabonomic study reveals intervention effects of polydatin on potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia in rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:6943860.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference Long H, Li J, Li R, et al. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality in patients with COVID-19. Epidemiol Infect. 2022;150:e106.CrossRefPubMed Long H, Li J, Li R, et al. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality in patients with COVID-19. Epidemiol Infect. 2022;150:e106.CrossRefPubMed
25.
26.
go back to reference Faubert B, Solmonson A, DeBerardinis RJ. Metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression. Science. 2020;368(6487):1. Faubert B, Solmonson A, DeBerardinis RJ. Metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression. Science. 2020;368(6487):1.
27.
go back to reference Gyamfi J, Kim J, Choi J. Cancer as a metabolic disorder. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(3):1. Gyamfi J, Kim J, Choi J. Cancer as a metabolic disorder. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(3):1.
28.
go back to reference Sahoo OS, Pethusamy K, Srivastava TP, et al. The metabolic addiction of cancer stem cells. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1. Sahoo OS, Pethusamy K, Srivastava TP, et al. The metabolic addiction of cancer stem cells. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1.
29.
go back to reference Crocetto F, Russo G, Di Zazzo E, Pisapia P, Mirto BF, Palmieri A, Pepe F, Bellevicine C, Russo A, La Civita E, Terracciano D, Malapelle U, Troncone G, Barone B. Liquid biopsy in prostate cancer management-current challenges and future perspectives. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(13):1. Crocetto F, Russo G, Di Zazzo E, Pisapia P, Mirto BF, Palmieri A, Pepe F, Bellevicine C, Russo A, La Civita E, Terracciano D, Malapelle U, Troncone G, Barone B. Liquid biopsy in prostate cancer management-current challenges and future perspectives. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(13):1.
30.
go back to reference Ascione CM, Napolitano F, Esposito D, Servetto A, Belli S, Santaniello A, Scagliarini S, Crocetto F, Bianco R, Formisano L. Role of FGFR3 in bladder cancer: treatment landscape and future challenges. Cancer Treat Rev. 2023;115:102530.CrossRefPubMed Ascione CM, Napolitano F, Esposito D, Servetto A, Belli S, Santaniello A, Scagliarini S, Crocetto F, Bianco R, Formisano L. Role of FGFR3 in bladder cancer: treatment landscape and future challenges. Cancer Treat Rev. 2023;115:102530.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Yu Y, Gong L, Ye J. The role of aberrant metabolism in cancer: insights into the interplay between cell metabolic reprogramming, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10:942.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yu Y, Gong L, Ye J. The role of aberrant metabolism in cancer: insights into the interplay between cell metabolic reprogramming, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10:942.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
go back to reference Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Modulation of dysregulated cancer metabolism by plant secondary metabolites: a mechanistic review. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;80:276–305.CrossRefPubMed Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Modulation of dysregulated cancer metabolism by plant secondary metabolites: a mechanistic review. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;80:276–305.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Bian X, Liu R, Meng Y, Xing D, Xu D, Lu Z. Lipid metabolism and cancer. J Exp Med. 2021;218(1):1. Bian X, Liu R, Meng Y, Xing D, Xu D, Lu Z. Lipid metabolism and cancer. J Exp Med. 2021;218(1):1.
35.
go back to reference Liu C, Zhao Q, Yu X. Bone marrow adipocytes, adipocytokines, and breast cancer cells: novel implications in bone metastasis of breast cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10:561595.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Liu C, Zhao Q, Yu X. Bone marrow adipocytes, adipocytokines, and breast cancer cells: novel implications in bone metastasis of breast cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10:561595.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
go back to reference Rybinska I, Agresti R, Trapani A, Tagliabue E, Triulzi T. Adipocytes in breast cancer, the thick and the thin. Cells. 2020;9(3):1. Rybinska I, Agresti R, Trapani A, Tagliabue E, Triulzi T. Adipocytes in breast cancer, the thick and the thin. Cells. 2020;9(3):1.
37.
go back to reference Zhang F, Liu S. Mechanistic insights of adipocyte metabolism in regulating breast cancer progression. Pharmacol Res. 2020;155:104741.CrossRefPubMed Zhang F, Liu S. Mechanistic insights of adipocyte metabolism in regulating breast cancer progression. Pharmacol Res. 2020;155:104741.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Liang L, Sun F, Wang H, Hu Z. Metabolomics, metabolic flux analysis and cancer pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther. 2021;224:107827.CrossRefPubMed Liang L, Sun F, Wang H, Hu Z. Metabolomics, metabolic flux analysis and cancer pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther. 2021;224:107827.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Gentile F, La Civita E, Della Ventura B, Ferro M, Cennamo M, Bruzzese D, Crocetto F, Velotta R, Terracciano D. A combinatorial neural network analysis reveals a synergistic behaviour of multiparametric magnetic resonance and prostate health index in the identification of clinically significant prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2022;20(5):e406–10.CrossRefPubMed Gentile F, La Civita E, Della Ventura B, Ferro M, Cennamo M, Bruzzese D, Crocetto F, Velotta R, Terracciano D. A combinatorial neural network analysis reveals a synergistic behaviour of multiparametric magnetic resonance and prostate health index in the identification of clinically significant prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2022;20(5):e406–10.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Di Lorenzo G, Buonerba L, Ingenito C, Crocetto F, Buonerba C, Libroia A, Sciarra A, Ragone G, Sanseverino R, Iaccarino S, Napodano G, Imbimbo C, Leo E, Kozlakidis Z, De Placido S. Clinical characteristics of metastatic prostate cancer patients infected with COVID-19 in South Italy. Oncology. 2020;98(10):743–7.CrossRefPubMed Di Lorenzo G, Buonerba L, Ingenito C, Crocetto F, Buonerba C, Libroia A, Sciarra A, Ragone G, Sanseverino R, Iaccarino S, Napodano G, Imbimbo C, Leo E, Kozlakidis Z, De Placido S. Clinical characteristics of metastatic prostate cancer patients infected with COVID-19 in South Italy. Oncology. 2020;98(10):743–7.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
BUN level is associated with cancer prevalence
Authors
Cai Wang
Hao Sun
Jin Liu
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
European Journal of Medical Research / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 2047-783X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-01186-4

Other articles of this Issue 1/2023

European Journal of Medical Research 1/2023 Go to the issue