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Neuropsychology Review
Published in: Neuropsychology Review 1/2014

01-03-2014 | Review

Brain Networks in Schizophrenia

Authors: Martijn P. van den Heuvel, Alex Fornito

Published in: Neuropsychology Review | Issue 1/2014

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Abstract

Schizophrenia—a severe psychiatric condition characterized by hallucinations, delusions, loss of initiative and cognitive function—is hypothesized to result from abnormal anatomical neural connectivity and a consequent decoupling of the brain’s integrative thought processes. The rise of in vivo neuroimaging techniques has refueled the formulation of dysconnectivity hypotheses, linking schizophrenia to abnormal structural and functional connectivity in the brain at both microscopic and macroscopic levels. Over the past few years, advances in high-field structural and functional neuroimaging techniques have made it increasingly feasible to reconstruct comprehensive maps of the macroscopic neural wiring system of the human brain, know as the connectome. In parallel, advances in network science and graph theory have improved our ability to study the spatial and topological organizational layout of such neural connectivity maps in detail. Combined, the field of neural connectomics has created a novel platform that provides a deeper understanding of the overall organization of brain wiring, its relation to healthy brain function and human cognition, and conversely, how brain disorders such as schizophrenia arise from abnormal brain network wiring and dynamics. In this review we discuss recent findings of connectomic studies in schizophrenia that examine how the disorder relates to disruptions of brain connectivity.
Footnotes
1
The distinction between the prefixes ‘dis’ and ‘dys’ was drawn on etymological grounds by Stephan et al.: in Latin, ‘dis’ refers to a reduction or breakdown; in Greek, ‘dys’ connotes bad or ill and implies that changes could involve both abnormal decreases and/or increases.
 
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Metadata
Title
Brain Networks in Schizophrenia
Authors
Martijn P. van den Heuvel
Alex Fornito
Publication date
01-03-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Neuropsychology Review / Issue 1/2014
Print ISSN: 1040-7308
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6660
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-014-9248-7

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