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Journal of Hematology & Oncology
Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Biomarkers | Review

The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer

Authors: Silu Chen, Shuai Ben, Junyi Xin, Shuwei Li, Rui Zheng, Hao Wang, Lulu Fan, Mulong Du, Zhengdong Zhang, Meilin Wang

Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are vital regulators of biological activities, and aberrant levels of small ncRNAs are commonly found in precancerous lesions and cancer. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel type of small ncRNA initially discovered in germ cells that have a specific length (24–31 nucleotides), bind to PIWI proteins, and show 2′-O-methyl modification at the 3′-end. Numerous studies have revealed that piRNAs can play important roles in tumorigenesis via multiple biological regulatory mechanisms, including silencing transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene processes and accelerating multiprotein interactions. piRNAs are emerging players in the malignant transformation of normal cells and participate in the regulation of cancer hallmarks. Most of the specific cancer hallmarks regulated by piRNAs are involved in sustaining proliferative signaling, resistance to cell death or apoptosis, and activation of invasion and metastasis. Additionally, piRNAs have been used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and have great potential for clinical utility. However, research on the underlying mechanisms of piRNAs in cancer is limited. Here, we systematically reviewed recent advances in the biogenesis and biological functions of piRNAs and relevant bioinformatics databases with the aim of providing insights into cancer diagnosis and clinical applications. We also focused on some cancer hallmarks rarely reported to be related to piRNAs, which can promote in-depth research of piRNAs in molecular biology and facilitate their clinical translation into cancer treatment.
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Metadata
Title
The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer
Authors
Silu Chen
Shuai Ben
Junyi Xin
Shuwei Li
Rui Zheng
Hao Wang
Lulu Fan
Mulong Du
Zhengdong Zhang
Meilin Wang
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Biomarkers
Published in
Journal of Hematology & Oncology / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1756-8722
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-021-01104-3

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