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International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

Open Access 28-03-2024 | Biomarkers | Original Article

Exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles in Czech male population and its associations with biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress

Authors: Nina Pálešová, Lucie Bláhová, Tomáš Janoš, Katarína Řiháčková, Aleš Pindur, Ludmila Šebejová, Pavel Čupr

Published in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

Abstract

Introduction

Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited.

Objective

We aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress.

Methods

165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity.

Results

The BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = − 17.54%; 95% CI: − 26.127, − 7.962).

Conclusion

This is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes.

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Title: Exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles in Czech male population and its associations with biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress
Authors: Nina Pálešová
Lucie Bláhová
Tomáš Janoš
Katarína Řiháčková
Aleš Pindur
Ludmila Šebejová
Pavel Čupr
Publication date: 28-03-2024
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword: Biomarkers
Published in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
Print ISSN: 0340-0131
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1246
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-024-02059-x

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles in Czech male population and its associations with biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress

Abstract

Introduction

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Graphical abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Graphical abstract

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