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BMC Immunology
Published in: BMC Immunology 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Biomarkers | Research article

Association between serum markers of the humoral immune system and inflammation in the Swedish AMORIS study

Authors: Aida Santaolalla, Sam Sollie, Ali Rislan, Debra H. Josephs, Niklas Hammar, Goran Walldius, Hans Garmo, Sophia N. Karagiannis, Mieke Van Hemelrijck

Published in: BMC Immunology | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Background

Although the onset of inflammatory cascades may profoundly influence the nature of antibody responses, the interplay between inflammatory and humoral (antibody) immune markers remains unclear. Thus, we explored the reciprocity between the humoral immune system and inflammation and assessed how external socio-demographic factors may influence these interactions. From the AMORIS cohort, 5513 individuals were identified with baseline measurements of serum humoral immune [immunoglobulin G, A & M (IgG, IgA, IgM)] and inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, haptoglobin, white blood cells (WBC), iron and total iron-binding capacity) markers measured on the same day. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to evaluate biomarkers correlation, variation and associations. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess associations between biomarkers and educational level, socio-economic status, sex and age.

Results

Frequently used serum markers for inflammation, CRP, haptoglobin and white blood cells, correlated together. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis confirmed the interaction between these main biological responses, showing an acute response component (CRP, Haptoglobin, WBC, IgM) and adaptive response component (Albumin, Iron, TIBC, IgA, IgG). A socioeconomic gradient associated with worse health outcomes was observed, specifically low educational level, older age and male sex were associated with serum levels that indicated infection and inflammation.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that serum markers of the humoral immune system and inflammation closely interact in response to infection or inflammation. Clustering analysis presented two main immune response components: an acute and an adaptive response, comprising markers of both biological pathways. Future studies should shift from single internal marker assessment to multiple humoral and inflammation serum markers combined, when assessing risk of clinical outcomes such as cancer.
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Metadata
Title
Association between serum markers of the humoral immune system and inflammation in the Swedish AMORIS study
Authors
Aida Santaolalla
Sam Sollie
Ali Rislan
Debra H. Josephs
Niklas Hammar
Goran Walldius
Hans Garmo
Sophia N. Karagiannis
Mieke Van Hemelrijck
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Biomarkers
Published in
BMC Immunology / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2172
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-021-00448-2

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