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Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
Published in: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Research

Auricular acupuncture for chemically dependent pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial of the NADA protocol

Authors: Patricia A Janssen, Louise C Demorest, Anne Kelly, Paul Thiessen, Ron Abrahams

Published in: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy | Issue 1/2012

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Abstract

Background

The prevalence of maternal drug use during pregnancy in North America has been estimated to be as high as 6-10%. The consequences for the newborn include increased risk for perinatal mortality and ongoing physical, neurobehavioral, and psychosocial problems. Methadone is frequently used to wean women off street drugs but is implicated as a cause of adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes itself. The purpose of our study was to test the ability of maternal acupuncture treatment among mothers who use illicit drugs to reduce the frequency and severity of withdrawal symptoms among their newborns.

Methods

We randomly assigned chemically dependent pregnant women at BC Women’s Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia to daily acupuncture treatments versus usual care. By necessity, neither our participants nor acupuncturists were blinded as to treatment allocation. Our primary outcome was days of neonatal morphine treatment for symptoms of neonatal withdrawal. Secondary neonatal outcomes included admission to a neonatal ICU and transfer to foster care.

Results

We randomized 50 women to acupuncture and 39 to standard care. When analyzed by randomized groups, we did not find benefit of acupuncture; the average length of treatment with morphine for newborns in the acupuncture group was 2.7 (6.3) compared to 2.8 (7.0) in the control group. Among newborns of women who were compliant with the acupuncture regime, we observed a reduction of 2.1 and 1.5 days in length of treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome compared to the non-compliant and control groups, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Acupuncture may be a safe and feasible treatment to assist mothers to reduce their dosage of methadone. Our results should encourage ongoing studies to test the ability of acupuncture to mitigate the severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome among their newborns.

Clinical Trial Registration

http://​www.​clinicaltrials.​gov registry: W05-0041
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Auricular acupuncture for chemically dependent pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial of the NADA protocol
Authors
Patricia A Janssen
Louise C Demorest
Anne Kelly
Paul Thiessen
Ron Abrahams
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1747-597X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-7-48

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