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05-02-2024 | Original Article

Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and hepatokine with incident diabetes in India: a nested case–control study within CARRS cohort

Authors: Ruby Gupta, Roopa Shivashankar, Dimple Kondal, Kuppan Gokulakrishnan, Shivani A. Patel, Mohammed K. Ali, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Viswanathan Mohan, Nikhil Tandon, Dorairaj Prabhakaran

Published in: Acta Diabetologica | Issue 5/2024

Abstract

Aims

To study the association of pro-inflammatory markers with incident diabetes in India.

Methods

We did a nested case–control study within the CARRS (Centre for Ardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia) cohort. Of the 5739 diabetes-free individuals at the baseline, 216 participants with incident diabetes and 432 age-, gender- and city-matched controls at 2-year follow-up were included. We measured high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( MCP-1), adiponectin, leptin and fetuin-A in the stored baseline blood samples. We did multivariate conditional logistic regression to estimate association of inflammatory markers (as quartiles) and incident diabetes. Covariates were baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipids, body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes, smoking and alcohol use.

Results

Baseline hsCRP and TNF-α were higher, and IL-6 and adiponectin were lower among cases vs. controls. In multivariate conditional logistic regression models, only quartile-3 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.96 [95% CI:1.39, 6.30]) and quartile-4 (OR: 2.58 [95% CI: 1.15, 5.79]) of TNF-α and quartile-4 of MCP-1 (OR: 2.55 [95% CI: 1.06, 6.16]) were positively associated with diabetes after adjusting for baseline FPG and BMI. These associations did not remain after adjusting for family history. High level (quartile-4) of IL-6 was negatively associated with diabetes after adjusting for all factors (OR: 0.18 [95% CI: 0.06, 0.55]).

Conclusions

Higher TNF-α and MCP-1 levels and lower IL-6 were associated with higher risk of developing diabetes. Better understanding and potential methods of addressing these biomarkers, especially in relation to family history, are needed to address diabetes in South Asians.

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Title: Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and hepatokine with incident diabetes in India: a nested case–control study within CARRS cohort
Authors: Ruby Gupta
Roopa Shivashankar
Dimple Kondal
Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
Shivani A. Patel
Mohammed K. Ali
K. M. Venkat Narayan
Viswanathan Mohan
Nikhil Tandon
Dorairaj Prabhakaran
Publication date: 05-02-2024
Publisher: Springer Milan
Published in: Acta Diabetologica / Issue 5/2024
Print ISSN: 0940-5429
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5233
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-023-02229-2

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