Skip to main content
Top
Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research article

Resting state brain activity in patients with migraine: a magnetoencephalography study

Authors: Hongxing Liu, Huaiting Ge, Jing Xiang, Ailiang Miao, Lu Tang, Ting Wu, Qiqi Chen, Lu Yang, Xiaoshan Wang

Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Recent advances in migraine research have shown that the cerebral cortex serves a primary role in the pathogenesis of migraine. Since aberrant brain activity in migraine can be noninvasively detected with magnetoencephalography (MEG), The object of this study was to investigate the resting state cortical activity differences between migraineurs and controls and its related clinical characteristics.

Methods

Twenty-two subjects with an acute migraine and twenty-two age- and gender-matched controls were studied using MEG. MEG recordings were recorded 120 seconds during the headache attack. Analyze MEG signals from low (1–4 Hz) to high (200–1000 Hz)-frequency ranges.

Results

In comparison with the controls, brain activity in migraine subjects was significantly different from that of the controls both in two frequency ranges (55–90 Hz, p < 0.001) and (90–200 Hz, p < 0.004). But the power value showed no significantly differences between control and migraines in all frequency ranges (p > 0.05). All the clinical characteristics had no significant correlation with aberrant brain activity.

Conclusions

The results demonstrated that migraine subjects in resting state had significantly aberrant ictal brain activity that can be measured with neuromagnetic imaging techniques. The findings may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies in migraine treatment via alterations in cortical excitability with TMS and other medications in the future.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Hershey AD, Kabbouche MA, Powers SW (2006) Chronic daily headaches in children. Curr Pain Headache Rep 10(5):370–376CrossRefPubMed Hershey AD, Kabbouche MA, Powers SW (2006) Chronic daily headaches in children. Curr Pain Headache Rep 10(5):370–376CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Vecchia D, Pietrobon D (2012) Migraine: a disorder of brain excitatory-inhibitory balance? Trends Neurosci 35(8):507–520, doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.04.007CrossRefPubMed Vecchia D, Pietrobon D (2012) Migraine: a disorder of brain excitatory-inhibitory balance? Trends Neurosci 35(8):507–520, doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.04.007CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Coppola G, Schoenen J (2012) Cortical excitability in chronic migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep 16(1):93–100, doi;10.1007/s11916-011-0231-1CrossRefPubMed Coppola G, Schoenen J (2012) Cortical excitability in chronic migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep 16(1):93–100, doi;10.1007/s11916-011-0231-1CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Manack AN, Buse DC, Lipton RB (2011) Chronic migraine: epidemiology and disease burden. Curr Pain Headache Rep 15(1):70–78, doi:10.1007/s11916-010-0157-zCrossRefPubMed Manack AN, Buse DC, Lipton RB (2011) Chronic migraine: epidemiology and disease burden. Curr Pain Headache Rep 15(1):70–78, doi:10.1007/s11916-010-0157-zCrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Rapoport A (2011) New frontiers in headache therapy. Neurological Sci 32(Suppl 1):S105–S109, do:10.1007/s10072-011-0542-3CrossRef Rapoport A (2011) New frontiers in headache therapy. Neurological Sci 32(Suppl 1):S105–S109, do:10.1007/s10072-011-0542-3CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Hershey AD, Winner P, Kabbouche MA, Powers SW (2007) Headaches. Curr Opin Pediatr 19(6):663–669, doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e3282f1a07fCrossRefPubMed Hershey AD, Winner P, Kabbouche MA, Powers SW (2007) Headaches. Curr Opin Pediatr 19(6):663–669, doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e3282f1a07fCrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Welch KM, Barkley GL, Tepley N, Ramadan NM (1993) Central neurogenic mechanisms of migraine. Neurology 43(6 Suppl 3):S21–S25PubMed Welch KM, Barkley GL, Tepley N, Ramadan NM (1993) Central neurogenic mechanisms of migraine. Neurology 43(6 Suppl 3):S21–S25PubMed
8.
go back to reference Hadjikhani N, Sanchez Del Rio M, Wu O, Schwartz D, Bakker D, Fischl B, Kwong KK, Cutrer FM, Rosen BR, Tootell RB, Sorensen AG, Moskowitz MA (2001) Mechanisms of migraine aura revealed by functional MRI in human visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(8):4687–4692, doi:10.1073/pnas.071582498CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Hadjikhani N, Sanchez Del Rio M, Wu O, Schwartz D, Bakker D, Fischl B, Kwong KK, Cutrer FM, Rosen BR, Tootell RB, Sorensen AG, Moskowitz MA (2001) Mechanisms of migraine aura revealed by functional MRI in human visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(8):4687–4692, doi:10.1073/pnas.071582498CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
9.
go back to reference Chen WT, Wang SJ, Fuh JL, Ko YC, Lee YC, Hamalainen MS, Lin YY (2012) Visual cortex excitability and plasticity associated with remission from chronic to episodic migraine. Cephalalgia 32(7):537–543, doi:10.1177/0333102412443337CrossRefPubMed Chen WT, Wang SJ, Fuh JL, Ko YC, Lee YC, Hamalainen MS, Lin YY (2012) Visual cortex excitability and plasticity associated with remission from chronic to episodic migraine. Cephalalgia 32(7):537–543, doi:10.1177/0333102412443337CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Barkley GL, Tepley N, Nagel-Leiby S, Moran JE, Simkins RT, Welch KM (1990) Magnetoencephalographic studies of migraine. Headache 30(7):428–434CrossRefPubMed Barkley GL, Tepley N, Nagel-Leiby S, Moran JE, Simkins RT, Welch KM (1990) Magnetoencephalographic studies of migraine. Headache 30(7):428–434CrossRefPubMed
11.
12.
go back to reference Wheless JW, Castillo E, Maggio V, Kim HL, Breier JI, Simos PG, Papanicolaou AC (2004) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic source imaging (MSI). Neurologist 10(3):138–153CrossRefPubMed Wheless JW, Castillo E, Maggio V, Kim HL, Breier JI, Simos PG, Papanicolaou AC (2004) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic source imaging (MSI). Neurologist 10(3):138–153CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Bowyer SM, Aurora KS, Moran JE, Tepley N, Welch KM (2001) Magnetoencephalographic fields from patients with spontaneous and induced migraine aura. Ann Neurol 50(5):582–587CrossRefPubMed Bowyer SM, Aurora KS, Moran JE, Tepley N, Welch KM (2001) Magnetoencephalographic fields from patients with spontaneous and induced migraine aura. Ann Neurol 50(5):582–587CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Bowyer SM, Mason KM, Moran JE, Tepley N, Mitsias PD (2005) Cortical hyperexcitability in migraine patients before and after sodium valproate treatment. J Clin Neurophysiol 22(1):65–67CrossRefPubMed Bowyer SM, Mason KM, Moran JE, Tepley N, Mitsias PD (2005) Cortical hyperexcitability in migraine patients before and after sodium valproate treatment. J Clin Neurophysiol 22(1):65–67CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Aurora SK, Cao Y, Bowyer SM, Welch KM (1999) The occipital cortex is hyperexcitable in migraine: experimental evidence. Headache 39(7):469–476CrossRefPubMed Aurora SK, Cao Y, Bowyer SM, Welch KM (1999) The occipital cortex is hyperexcitable in migraine: experimental evidence. Headache 39(7):469–476CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Guo X, Xiang J, Wang Y, O’Brien H, Kabbouche M, Horn P, Powers SW, Hershey AD (2012) Aberrant neuromagnetic activation in the motor cortex in children with acute migraine: a magnetoencephalography study. PLoS One 7(11), e50095, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050095CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Guo X, Xiang J, Wang Y, O’Brien H, Kabbouche M, Horn P, Powers SW, Hershey AD (2012) Aberrant neuromagnetic activation in the motor cortex in children with acute migraine: a magnetoencephalography study. PLoS One 7(11), e50095, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050095CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
17.
go back to reference Xiang J, Degrauw X, Korman AM, Allen JR, O’Brien HL, Kabbouche MA, Powers SW, Hershey AD (2013) Neuromagnetic abnormality of motor cortical activation and phases of headache attacks in childhood migraine. PLoS One 8(12), e83669, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083669CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Xiang J, Degrauw X, Korman AM, Allen JR, O’Brien HL, Kabbouche MA, Powers SW, Hershey AD (2013) Neuromagnetic abnormality of motor cortical activation and phases of headache attacks in childhood migraine. PLoS One 8(12), e83669, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083669CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
18.
go back to reference Korostenskaja M, Pardos M, Kujala T, Rose DF, Brown D, Horn P, Wang Y, Fujiwara H, Xiang J, Kabbouche MA, Powers SW, Hershey AD (2011) Impaired auditory information processing during acute migraine: a magnetoencephalography study. Int J Neurosci 121(7):355–365, doi:10.3109/00207454.2011.560312CrossRefPubMed Korostenskaja M, Pardos M, Kujala T, Rose DF, Brown D, Horn P, Wang Y, Fujiwara H, Xiang J, Kabbouche MA, Powers SW, Hershey AD (2011) Impaired auditory information processing during acute migraine: a magnetoencephalography study. Int J Neurosci 121(7):355–365, doi:10.3109/00207454.2011.560312CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Wang X, Xiang J, Wang Y, Pardos M, Meng L, Huo X, Korostenskaja M, Powers SW, Kabbouche MA, Hershey AD (2010) Identification of abnormal neuromagnetic signatures in the motor cortex of adolescent migraine. Headache 50(6):1005–1016, doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01674.xCrossRefPubMed Wang X, Xiang J, Wang Y, Pardos M, Meng L, Huo X, Korostenskaja M, Powers SW, Kabbouche MA, Hershey AD (2010) Identification of abnormal neuromagnetic signatures in the motor cortex of adolescent migraine. Headache 50(6):1005–1016, doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01674.xCrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Xiang J, Degrauw X, Korostenskaja M, Korman AM, O’Brien HL, Kabbouche MA, Powers SW, Hershey AD (2013) Altered cortical activation in adolescents with acute migraine: a magnetoencephalography study. J Pain 14(12):1553–1563, doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.04.009CrossRefPubMed Xiang J, Degrauw X, Korostenskaja M, Korman AM, O’Brien HL, Kabbouche MA, Powers SW, Hershey AD (2013) Altered cortical activation in adolescents with acute migraine: a magnetoencephalography study. J Pain 14(12):1553–1563, doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.04.009CrossRefPubMed
21.
22.
go back to reference Huo X, Xiang J, Wang Y, Kirtman EG, Kotecha R, Fujiwara H, Hemasilpin N, Rose DF, Degrauw T (2010) Gamma oscillations in the primary motor cortex studied with MEG. Brain Dev 32(8):619–624, doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2009.09.021CrossRefPubMed Huo X, Xiang J, Wang Y, Kirtman EG, Kotecha R, Fujiwara H, Hemasilpin N, Rose DF, Degrauw T (2010) Gamma oscillations in the primary motor cortex studied with MEG. Brain Dev 32(8):619–624, doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2009.09.021CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Miao A, Tang L, Xiang J, Guan Q, Ge H, Liu H, Wu T, Chen Q, Yang L, Lu X, Hu Z, Wang X (2014) Dynamic magnetic source imaging of absence seizure initialization and propagation: a magnetoencephalography study. Epilepsy Res 108(3):468–480, doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.006CrossRefPubMed Miao A, Tang L, Xiang J, Guan Q, Ge H, Liu H, Wu T, Chen Q, Yang L, Lu X, Hu Z, Wang X (2014) Dynamic magnetic source imaging of absence seizure initialization and propagation: a magnetoencephalography study. Epilepsy Res 108(3):468–480, doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.006CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Xiang J, Wang Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Kotecha R, Huo X, Rose DF, Fujiwara H, Hemasilpin N, Lee K, Mangano FT, Jones B, DeGrauw T (2010) Noninvasive localization of epileptogenic zones with ictal high-frequency neuromagnetic signals: Case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr 5(1):113–122CrossRefPubMed Xiang J, Wang Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Kotecha R, Huo X, Rose DF, Fujiwara H, Hemasilpin N, Lee K, Mangano FT, Jones B, DeGrauw T (2010) Noninvasive localization of epileptogenic zones with ictal high-frequency neuromagnetic signals: Case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr 5(1):113–122CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Xiang J, Luo Q, Kotecha R, Korman A, Zhang F, Luo H, Fujiwara H, Hemasilpin N, Rose DF (2014) Accumulated source imaging of brain activity with both low and high-frequency neuromagnetic signals. Front Neuroinformatics 8:57. doi:10.3389/fninf.2014.00057 Xiang J, Luo Q, Kotecha R, Korman A, Zhang F, Luo H, Fujiwara H, Hemasilpin N, Rose DF (2014) Accumulated source imaging of brain activity with both low and high-frequency neuromagnetic signals. Front Neuroinformatics 8:57. doi:10.3389/fninf.2014.00057
26.
go back to reference Xiang J, Tenney JR, Korman AM, Leiken K, Rose DF, Harris E, Yuan W, Horn PS, Holland K, Loring DW, Glauser TA (2014) Quantification of Interictal Neuromagnetic Activity in Absence Epilepsy with Accumulated Source Imaging. Brain Topogr, doi:10.1007/s10548-014-0411-5 Xiang J, Tenney JR, Korman AM, Leiken K, Rose DF, Harris E, Yuan W, Horn PS, Holland K, Loring DW, Glauser TA (2014) Quantification of Interictal Neuromagnetic Activity in Absence Epilepsy with Accumulated Source Imaging. Brain Topogr, doi:10.1007/s10548-014-0411-5
27.
go back to reference Brookes MJ, Stevenson CM, Barnes GR, Hillebrand A, Simpson MI, Francis ST, Morris PG (2007) Beamformer reconstruction of correlated sources using a modified source model. Neuroimage 34(4):1454–1465, doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.11.012CrossRefPubMed Brookes MJ, Stevenson CM, Barnes GR, Hillebrand A, Simpson MI, Francis ST, Morris PG (2007) Beamformer reconstruction of correlated sources using a modified source model. Neuroimage 34(4):1454–1465, doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.11.012CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Ge HT, Liu HX, Xiang J, Miao AL, Tang L, Guan QS, Wu T, Chen QQ, Yang L, Wang XS (2014) Abnormal cortical activation in females with acute migraine: A magnetoencephalography study. Clin Neurophysiol, doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.03.033 Ge HT, Liu HX, Xiang J, Miao AL, Tang L, Guan QS, Wu T, Chen QQ, Yang L, Wang XS (2014) Abnormal cortical activation in females with acute migraine: A magnetoencephalography study. Clin Neurophysiol, doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.03.033
29.
go back to reference Chen Y, Xiang J, Kirtman EG, Wang Y, Kotecha R, Liu Y (2010) Neuromagnetic biomarkers of visuocortical development in healthy children. Clin Neurophysiol 121(9):1555–1562, doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.03.029CrossRefPubMed Chen Y, Xiang J, Kirtman EG, Wang Y, Kotecha R, Liu Y (2010) Neuromagnetic biomarkers of visuocortical development in healthy children. Clin Neurophysiol 121(9):1555–1562, doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.03.029CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Gummadavelli A, Wang Y, Guo X, Pardos M, Chu H, Liu Y, Horn P, Zhang F, Xiang J (2013) Spatiotemporal and frequency signatures of word recognition in the developing brain: A magnetoencephalographic study. Brain Res, doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.001 Gummadavelli A, Wang Y, Guo X, Pardos M, Chu H, Liu Y, Horn P, Zhang F, Xiang J (2013) Spatiotemporal and frequency signatures of word recognition in the developing brain: A magnetoencephalographic study. Brain Res, doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.001
31.
go back to reference Xiang J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Kirtman EG, Kotecha R, Chen Y, Huo X, Fujiwara H, Hemasilpin N, Lee K, Mangano FT, Leach J, Jones B, DeGrauw T, Rose D (2009) Frequency and spatial characteristics of high-frequency neuromagnetic signals in childhood epilepsy. Epileptic Dis 11(2):113–125, doi:10.1684/epd.2009.0253 Xiang J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Kirtman EG, Kotecha R, Chen Y, Huo X, Fujiwara H, Hemasilpin N, Lee K, Mangano FT, Leach J, Jones B, DeGrauw T, Rose D (2009) Frequency and spatial characteristics of high-frequency neuromagnetic signals in childhood epilepsy. Epileptic Dis 11(2):113–125, doi:10.1684/epd.2009.0253
32.
go back to reference Kotecha R, Pardos M, Wang Y, Wu T, Horn P, Brown D, Rose D, deGrauw T, Xiang J (2009) Modeling the developmental patterns of auditory evoked magnetic fields in children. PLoS One 4(3), e4811, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004811CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Kotecha R, Pardos M, Wang Y, Wu T, Horn P, Brown D, Rose D, deGrauw T, Xiang J (2009) Modeling the developmental patterns of auditory evoked magnetic fields in children. PLoS One 4(3), e4811, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004811CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
33.
go back to reference Liu Y, Xiang J, Wang Y, Vannest JJ, Byars AW, Rose DF (2008) Spatial and frequency differences of neuromagnetic activities in processing concrete and abstract words. Brain Topogr 20(3):123–129, doi:10.1007/s10548-007-0038-xCrossRefPubMed Liu Y, Xiang J, Wang Y, Vannest JJ, Byars AW, Rose DF (2008) Spatial and frequency differences of neuromagnetic activities in processing concrete and abstract words. Brain Topogr 20(3):123–129, doi:10.1007/s10548-007-0038-xCrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Xiang J, Holowka S, Sharma R, Hunjan A, Otsubo H, Chuang S (2003) Volumetric localization of somatosensory cortex in children using synthetic aperture magnetometry. Pediatr Radiol 33(5):321–327, doi:10.1007/s00247-003-0883-zCrossRefPubMed Xiang J, Holowka S, Sharma R, Hunjan A, Otsubo H, Chuang S (2003) Volumetric localization of somatosensory cortex in children using synthetic aperture magnetometry. Pediatr Radiol 33(5):321–327, doi:10.1007/s00247-003-0883-zCrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Xiang J, Wilson D, Otsubo H, Ishii R, Chuang S (2001) Neuromagnetic spectral distribution of implicit processing of words. Neuroreport 12(18):3923–3927CrossRefPubMed Xiang J, Wilson D, Otsubo H, Ishii R, Chuang S (2001) Neuromagnetic spectral distribution of implicit processing of words. Neuroreport 12(18):3923–3927CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Xiang J, Xiao Z (2009) Spatiotemporal and frequency signatures of noun and verb processing: a wavelet-based beamformer study. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 31(6):648–657, doi:10.1080/13803390802448651CrossRefPubMed Xiang J, Xiao Z (2009) Spatiotemporal and frequency signatures of noun and verb processing: a wavelet-based beamformer study. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 31(6):648–657, doi:10.1080/13803390802448651CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Xiang J, Holowka S, Qiao H, Sun B, Xiao Z, Jiang Y, Wilson D, Chuang S (2004) Automatic localization of epileptic zones using magnetoencephalography. Neurol Clin Neurophysiol 2004:98PubMed Xiang J, Holowka S, Qiao H, Sun B, Xiao Z, Jiang Y, Wilson D, Chuang S (2004) Automatic localization of epileptic zones using magnetoencephalography. Neurol Clin Neurophysiol 2004:98PubMed
38.
go back to reference Lopez-Sola M, Pujol J, Hernandez-Ribas R, Harrison BJ, Ortiz H, Soriano-Mas C, Deus J, Menchon JM, Vallejo J, Cardoner N (2010) Dynamic assessment of the right lateral frontal cortex response to painful stimulation. Neuroimage 50(3):1177–1187, doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.031CrossRefPubMed Lopez-Sola M, Pujol J, Hernandez-Ribas R, Harrison BJ, Ortiz H, Soriano-Mas C, Deus J, Menchon JM, Vallejo J, Cardoner N (2010) Dynamic assessment of the right lateral frontal cortex response to painful stimulation. Neuroimage 50(3):1177–1187, doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.031CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Brigo F, Storti M, Nardone R, Fiaschi A, Bongiovanni LG, Tezzon F, Manganotti P (2012) Transcranial magnetic stimulation of visual cortex in migraine patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Headache Pain 13(5):339–349, doi:10.1007/s10194-012-0445-6CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Brigo F, Storti M, Nardone R, Fiaschi A, Bongiovanni LG, Tezzon F, Manganotti P (2012) Transcranial magnetic stimulation of visual cortex in migraine patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Headache Pain 13(5):339–349, doi:10.1007/s10194-012-0445-6CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
40.
go back to reference Teepker M, Hotzel J, Timmesfeld N, Reis J, Mylius V, Haag A, Oertel WH, Rosenow F, Schepelmann K (2010) Low-frequency rTMS of the vertex in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia 30(2):137–144, doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01911.xPubMed Teepker M, Hotzel J, Timmesfeld N, Reis J, Mylius V, Haag A, Oertel WH, Rosenow F, Schepelmann K (2010) Low-frequency rTMS of the vertex in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia 30(2):137–144, doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01911.xPubMed
41.
go back to reference Minks E, Kopickova M, Marecek R, Streitova H, Bares M (2010) Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cerebellum. Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia 154(2):133–139CrossRefPubMed Minks E, Kopickova M, Marecek R, Streitova H, Bares M (2010) Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cerebellum. Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia 154(2):133–139CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Scherer P, Bauer H, Baum K (1997) Alternate finger tapping test in patients with migraine. Acta Neurol Scand 96(6):392–396CrossRefPubMed Scherer P, Bauer H, Baum K (1997) Alternate finger tapping test in patients with migraine. Acta Neurol Scand 96(6):392–396CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Young WB, Gangal KS, Aponte RJ, Kaiser RS (2007) Migraine with unilateral motor symptoms: a case–control study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78(6):600–604, doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.100214CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Young WB, Gangal KS, Aponte RJ, Kaiser RS (2007) Migraine with unilateral motor symptoms: a case–control study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78(6):600–604, doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.100214CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
44.
go back to reference Maertens de Noordhout A, Pepin JL, Schoenen J, Delwaide PJ (1992) Percutaneous magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in migraine. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 85(2):110–115CrossRefPubMed Maertens de Noordhout A, Pepin JL, Schoenen J, Delwaide PJ (1992) Percutaneous magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in migraine. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 85(2):110–115CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Resting state brain activity in patients with migraine: a magnetoencephalography study
Authors
Hongxing Liu
Huaiting Ge
Jing Xiang
Ailiang Miao
Lu Tang
Ting Wu
Qiqi Chen
Lu Yang
Xiaoshan Wang
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
Springer Milan
Published in
The Journal of Headache and Pain / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 1129-2369
Electronic ISSN: 1129-2377
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-015-0525-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

The Journal of Headache and Pain 1/2015 Go to the issue