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01-05-2019 | Antiepileptic Drugs | Original Communication

Dissecting the neurological phenotype in children with callosal agenesis, interhemispheric cysts and malformations of cortical development

Authors: Sara Uccella, Andrea Accogli, Domenico Tortora, Maria Margherita Mancardi, Lino Nobili, Bianca Berloco, Giovanni Morana, Pasquale Striano, Valeria Capra, Myriam Srour, Christine Saint-Martine, Andrea Rossi, Mariasavina Severino

Published in: Journal of Neurology | Issue 5/2019

Abstract

Objectives

To describe the neurological phenotype of children with prenatal diagnosis of agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC) and interhemispheric cysts associated with malformations of cortical development (MCD).

Methods

We reviewed the neuroimaging, neurologic, EEG, and genetic data of 36 patients (21 males, mean age 7 years) with ACC and interhemispheric cysts. Associations were tested with Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests.

Results

According to the 2001 Barkovich classification, we found 4 type 1c (11.1%), 6 type 2a (16.6%), 18 type 2b (50%, 6/18 girls with Aicardi syndrome), and 9 type 2c cysts (22.2%). EEG showed specific epileptic activity in 27/36 patients (75%). Epilepsy was diagnosed in 16 subjects (16/36, 44.4%), including all Aicardi patients, and was associated with cognitive impairment (p = 0.032). Severe intellectual disability and epilepsy were associated with type 2b cysts, always due to Aicardi patients (p < 0.05). After excluding Aicardi patients, all subjects with type 2b cysts had mild neurological phenotype. Patients with 2a and 2c cysts more frequently had normal cognition (83.3% and 62.5% of cases, respectively). Patients with type 1c cyst mostly had mild/moderate cognitive impairment. Severe neurologic deficits were associated with 1c cysts and 2b cysts with Aicardi syndrome (p < 0.05). Multilobar and/or bilateral MCD were associated with severe neurological and epileptic phenotypes (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Once excluded Aicardi syndrome, most patients with ACC and interhemispheric cysts have a mild clinical phenotype characterized by borderline/normal cognition and minor neurological signs. Despite the high prevalence of EEG epileptic abnormalities, epilepsy in these cases is infrequent and usually responsive to antiepileptic drugs.

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Title: Dissecting the neurological phenotype in children with callosal agenesis, interhemispheric cysts and malformations of cortical development
Authors: Sara Uccella
Andrea Accogli
Domenico Tortora
Maria Margherita Mancardi
Lino Nobili
Bianca Berloco
Giovanni Morana
Pasquale Striano
Valeria Capra
Myriam Srour
Christine Saint-Martine
Andrea Rossi
Mariasavina Severino
Publication date: 01-05-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Antiepileptic Drugs
Cranial MRI
Epilepsy
Antiepileptic Drugs
Published in: Journal of Neurology / Issue 5/2019
Print ISSN: 0340-5354
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1459
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09247-7

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Dissecting the neurological phenotype in children with callosal agenesis, interhemispheric cysts and malformations of cortical development

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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