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01-09-2020 | Antibiotic | 2019 SAGES Oral

The association of penicillin allergy with outcomes after open ventral hernia repair

Authors: Kathryn A. Schlosser, Sean R. Maloney, James M. Horton, Tanushree Prasad, Paul D. Colavita, B. Todd Heniford, Vedra A. Augenstein

Published in: Surgical Endoscopy | Issue 9/2020

Abstract

Background

Up to 11% of patients report a penicillin allergy (PA), with 1–2% demonstrating a true IgE mediated allergy upon testing. PA patients often receive non-beta-lactam antibiotic surgical prophylaxis (non-BLP). This study evaluates the relationship of PA to outcomes after open ventral hernia repair (OVHR).

Methods

A prospective institutional database was queried for patients undergoing OVHR. Demographics, operative characteristics, and outcomes were evaluated by the reported PA and the administration of beta-lactam prophylaxis (BLP).

Results

Allergy histories were reviewed in 1178 patients. PA was reported in 21.6% of patients, with 55.5% reporting rash or hives, 15.0% airway compromise or anaphylaxis, and 29.5% no specific reaction. BLP was administered to 76.3% of patients, including 22.1% of PA patients and 89.9% of patients without PA. PA patients were more often female (64.6% PA patients vs. 56% non-PA, p = 0.01), with higher rates of chronic steroids, MRSA, anxiety, asthma, COPD, chronic pain, and sleep apnea (p < 0.03 all values). PA patients had higher rates of contaminated cases, including mesh infection and fistula. Of the 683 clean cases, 82.1% received BLP. Of the 117 clean contaminated cases (CDC wound class 2), 82.9% received BLP, which was associated with reduced long-term readmission for hernia complications (21.5 vs. 55%, p = 0.002, OR 0.27, CI 0.09–0.83). In the 120 CDC wound class 3 and 4 patients, 65.8% received BLP. In multivariate analysis, BLP was associated with lower rates of reoperation (OR 0.31, CI 0.12–0.76) and recurrence (OR 0.32, CI 0.11–0.86). BLP was given to 22.1% of the PA patients with no adverse reactions noted.

Conclusion

PA patients had more comorbidities and complex ventral hernias. When controlling for contamination and MRSA history, BLP is associated with improved outcomes particularly in contaminated cases. PA may be a risk factor for patient complexity, and further studies are warranted to determine if allergy testing can be warranted in known or anticipated contaminated cases.

Graphic abstract

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Title: The association of penicillin allergy with outcomes after open ventral hernia repair
Authors: Kathryn A. Schlosser
Sean R. Maloney
James M. Horton
Tanushree Prasad
Paul D. Colavita
B. Todd Heniford
Vedra A. Augenstein
Publication date: 01-09-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Antibiotic
Bronchial Asthma
Clindamycin
Penicillins
Vancomycin
Cefazolin
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Published in: Surgical Endoscopy / Issue 9/2020
Print ISSN: 0930-2794
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2218
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-019-07183-1

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

The association of penicillin allergy with outcomes after open ventral hernia repair

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Graphic abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Graphic abstract

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