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Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 1/2018

01-03-2018

An overview of inborn errors of metabolism manifesting with primary adrenal insufficiency

Authors: Fady Hannah-Shmouni, Constantine A. Stratakis

Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) results from an inability to produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex. The most common causes of PAI are autoimmune adrenalitis (Addison's disease), infectious diseases, adrenalectomy, neoplasia, medications, and various rare genetic syndromes and inborn errors of metabolism that typically present in childhood although late-onset presentations are becoming increasingly recognized. The prevalence of PAI in Western countries is approximately 140 cases per million, with an incidence of 4 per 1,000,000 per year. Several pitfalls in the genetic diagnosis of patients with PAI exist. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion and overview on the inborn errors of metabolism manifesting with PAI, including genetic diagnosis, genotype-phenotype relationships and counseling of patients and their families with a focus on various enzymatic deficiencies of steroidogenesis.
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Metadata
Title
An overview of inborn errors of metabolism manifesting with primary adrenal insufficiency
Authors
Fady Hannah-Shmouni
Constantine A. Stratakis
Publication date
01-03-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders / Issue 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1389-9155
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2606
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-018-9447-2

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