Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Geriatrics 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Study protocol

An inpatient rehabilitation model of care targeting patients with cognitive impairment

Authors: Katherine S McGilton, Aileen Davis, Nizar Mahomed, John Flannery, Susan Jaglal, Cheryl Cott, Gary Naglie, Elizabeth Rochon

Published in: BMC Geriatrics | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The course and outcomes of hip fracture patients are often complicated by the presence of dementia and delirium, referred to as cognitive impairment (CI), which limits access to in-patient rehabilitation. In response to this concern, members of our team developed and piloted an in-patient rehabilitation model of care (Patient-Centred Rehabilitation Model; PCRM) targeting patients with hip fracture and CI (PCRM-CI). We are now conducting a 3-year study comparing an inpatient rehabilitation model of care for community dwelling individuals with hip fracture and CI (PCRM-CI) to usual care to determine whether it results in improved mobility at the time of discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods/Design

A non-equivalent pre-post design is being used to evaluate the PCRM-CI compared to usual care. All community dwelling (private home or retirement home) patients following a hip fracture are eligible to participate. Recruitment of both cohorts is taking place at two facilities. Target accrual is 70 hip fracture patients in the PCRM-CI cohort and 70 patients in the usual care cohort. We are also recruiting 70 health care providers (HCPs), who are being trained to implement the PCRM-CI, and their unit managers. Patient data are collected at baseline, discharge, and 6 months post-discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation program. Evaluations include mobility, physical function, and living arrangement. Additional outcome variables are being collected from medical records and from the patients via their proxies. Data on the prevalence and severity of dementia and delirium are being collected. Staff data are collected at baseline and one year after implementation of the model to determine change in staff knowledge and attitudes toward patients with hip fracture and CI. Bi-monthly semi-structured interviews with unit managers have been conducted to examine factors and barriers influencing the model implementation. Data collection began in 2009 and is expected to be completed in 2012. The control cohort of 70 patients has been recruited, and 45 patients have been accrued to the intervention group to date.

Discussion

Evaluation of this model of care is timely given the increasing proportion of persons with cognitive impairment and hip fractures.

Trial registration

The study is registered at http://​clinicaltrials.​gov, Identifier NCT01566136.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Naglie G, Tansey C, Kirkland JL, Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Detsky AS, Etchells E, Tomlinson G, O’Rourke K, Goldlist B: Interdisciplinary inpatient care for elderly people with hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2002, 167: 25-32.PubMedPubMedCentral Naglie G, Tansey C, Kirkland JL, Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Detsky AS, Etchells E, Tomlinson G, O’Rourke K, Goldlist B: Interdisciplinary inpatient care for elderly people with hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2002, 167: 25-32.PubMedPubMedCentral
2.
go back to reference Magaziner J, Hawkes W, Hebel JR, Zimmerman SI, Fox KM, Dolan M, Felsenthal G, Kenzora J: Recovery from hip fracture in eight areas of function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002, 55 (9): M498-M507.CrossRef Magaziner J, Hawkes W, Hebel JR, Zimmerman SI, Fox KM, Dolan M, Felsenthal G, Kenzora J: Recovery from hip fracture in eight areas of function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002, 55 (9): M498-M507.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Papadimitropoulos EA, Coyte PC, Josse RG, Greenwood CE: Current and projected rates of hip fracture in Canada. CMAJ. 1997, 157: 1357-1363.PubMedPubMedCentral Papadimitropoulos EA, Coyte PC, Josse RG, Greenwood CE: Current and projected rates of hip fracture in Canada. CMAJ. 1997, 157: 1357-1363.PubMedPubMedCentral
4.
go back to reference Wiktorowicz ME, Goeree R, Papaioannou A, Adachi JD, Papadimitropoulos E: Economic implications of hip fracture: health service use, institutional care and cost in Canada. Osteoporos Int. 2001, 12 (4): 271-278. 10.1007/s001980170116.CrossRefPubMed Wiktorowicz ME, Goeree R, Papaioannou A, Adachi JD, Papadimitropoulos E: Economic implications of hip fracture: health service use, institutional care and cost in Canada. Osteoporos Int. 2001, 12 (4): 271-278. 10.1007/s001980170116.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Baker NL, Cook MN, Arrighi HM, Bullock R: Hip fracture risk and subsequent mortality among Alzheimer's disease patients in the United Kingdom, 1988–2007. Age Ageing. 2011, 40: 49-54. 10.1093/ageing/afq146. 6CrossRefPubMed Baker NL, Cook MN, Arrighi HM, Bullock R: Hip fracture risk and subsequent mortality among Alzheimer's disease patients in the United Kingdom, 1988–2007. Age Ageing. 2011, 40: 49-54. 10.1093/ageing/afq146. 6CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Lieberman D, Friger M, Lieberman D: Inpatient rehabilitation outcome after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients: a prospective cohort study of 956 patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006, 87 (2): 167-171. 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.10.002.CrossRefPubMed Lieberman D, Friger M, Lieberman D: Inpatient rehabilitation outcome after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients: a prospective cohort study of 956 patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006, 87 (2): 167-171. 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.10.002.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Gruber-Baldini A, Zimmerman S, Morrison R, Grattan L, Hebel JR, Dolan MM, Hawkes W, Magaziner J: Cognitive impairment in hip fracture patients: timing of detection and longitudinal follow up. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003, 51 (9): 1227-1236. 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51406.x.CrossRefPubMed Gruber-Baldini A, Zimmerman S, Morrison R, Grattan L, Hebel JR, Dolan MM, Hawkes W, Magaziner J: Cognitive impairment in hip fracture patients: timing of detection and longitudinal follow up. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003, 51 (9): 1227-1236. 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51406.x.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Inouye SK, Zhang Y, Han L, Leo-Summers L, Jones R, Marcantonio E: Recoverable cognitive dysfunction at hospital admission in older persons during acute illness. J Gen Intern Med. 2006, 21 (12): 1276-1281. 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00613.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Inouye SK, Zhang Y, Han L, Leo-Summers L, Jones R, Marcantonio E: Recoverable cognitive dysfunction at hospital admission in older persons during acute illness. J Gen Intern Med. 2006, 21 (12): 1276-1281. 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00613.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Cole MG: Delirium in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Psych. 2004, 12: 1157-1165.CrossRef Cole MG: Delirium in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Psych. 2004, 12: 1157-1165.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Inouye SK, Ferrucci L: Elucidating the pathophysiology of delirium and the interrelationship of delirium and dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006, 61 (12): 1277-1290. 10.1093/gerona/61.12.1277.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Inouye SK, Ferrucci L: Elucidating the pathophysiology of delirium and the interrelationship of delirium and dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006, 61 (12): 1277-1290. 10.1093/gerona/61.12.1277.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Magaziner J, Simonsick EM, Kashner TM, Hebel JR, Kenzora JE: Predictors of functional recovery one year following hospital discharge for hip fracture: a prospective study. J Gerontol. 1990, 45 (3): M101-M107.CrossRefPubMed Magaziner J, Simonsick EM, Kashner TM, Hebel JR, Kenzora JE: Predictors of functional recovery one year following hospital discharge for hip fracture: a prospective study. J Gerontol. 1990, 45 (3): M101-M107.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Adunsky A, Levy R, Heim M, Mizrahi E, Arad M: The unfavorable nature of preoperative delirium in elderly hip fractured patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2003, 36 (1): 67-74. 10.1016/S0167-4943(02)00058-4.CrossRefPubMed Adunsky A, Levy R, Heim M, Mizrahi E, Arad M: The unfavorable nature of preoperative delirium in elderly hip fractured patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2003, 36 (1): 67-74. 10.1016/S0167-4943(02)00058-4.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Pioli G, Davoli ML, Pellicciotti F, Pignedoli P, Ferrari A: Comprehensive Care. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2011, 47 (2): 265-279.PubMed Pioli G, Davoli ML, Pellicciotti F, Pignedoli P, Ferrari A: Comprehensive Care. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2011, 47 (2): 265-279.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Heruti R, Lusky A, Barell V, Ohry A, Adunsky A: Cognitive status at admission: does it affect the rehabilitation outcome of elderly patients with hip fracture?. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999, 80 (4): 432-436. 10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90281-2.CrossRefPubMed Heruti R, Lusky A, Barell V, Ohry A, Adunsky A: Cognitive status at admission: does it affect the rehabilitation outcome of elderly patients with hip fracture?. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999, 80 (4): 432-436. 10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90281-2.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Milisen K, Foreman MD, Abraham IL, De Geest S, Godderis J, Vandermeulen E, Fischler B, Delooz HH, Spiessens B, Broos PLO: A nurse-led interdisciplinary intervention program for delirium in elderly hip-fracture patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001, 49 (5): 523-532. 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49109.x.CrossRefPubMed Milisen K, Foreman MD, Abraham IL, De Geest S, Godderis J, Vandermeulen E, Fischler B, Delooz HH, Spiessens B, Broos PLO: A nurse-led interdisciplinary intervention program for delirium in elderly hip-fracture patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001, 49 (5): 523-532. 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49109.x.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Cott C, Jaglal S, Daniel I, Drumm J, MacKay C, Markel F, McKillop I, Pink GH, Soever L: Hospital Report 2003: Rehabilitation. Joint Initiative of the Ontario Hospital Association and the Government of Ontario. 2004, Hospital Report Research Collaborative, University of Toronto, Toronto Cott C, Jaglal S, Daniel I, Drumm J, MacKay C, Markel F, McKillop I, Pink GH, Soever L: Hospital Report 2003: Rehabilitation. Joint Initiative of the Ontario Hospital Association and the Government of Ontario. 2004, Hospital Report Research Collaborative, University of Toronto, Toronto
20.
go back to reference McGilton K, Wells J, Teare G, Davis A, Rochon E, Calabrese S, Naglie G, Boscart V: Rehabilitation of patients with dementia following a hip fracture; part 1: behavioral symptoms that influence care. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2007, 23 (2): 161-173.CrossRef McGilton K, Wells J, Teare G, Davis A, Rochon E, Calabrese S, Naglie G, Boscart V: Rehabilitation of patients with dementia following a hip fracture; part 1: behavioral symptoms that influence care. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2007, 23 (2): 161-173.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference McGilton K, Wells J, Teare G, Davis A, Rochon E, Calabrese S, Naglie G, Biscardi M: Rehabilitation of patients with dementia following a hip fracture; part 2: cognitive symptoms that influence care. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2007, 23 (2): 174-182.CrossRef McGilton K, Wells J, Teare G, Davis A, Rochon E, Calabrese S, Naglie G, Biscardi M: Rehabilitation of patients with dementia following a hip fracture; part 2: cognitive symptoms that influence care. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2007, 23 (2): 174-182.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference McGilton K, Lever J, Mowat J, Parnell L, Perivolaris A, Biscardi M: Guideline recommendations to improve dementia care. Alzh Care Quart. 2007, 8 (2): 109-115. McGilton K, Lever J, Mowat J, Parnell L, Perivolaris A, Biscardi M: Guideline recommendations to improve dementia care. Alzh Care Quart. 2007, 8 (2): 109-115.
23.
go back to reference Lawton MP, Nahemov LE: Ecology and the aging process. 1973, American Psychological Association, Washington DC, 619-674. Lawton MP, Nahemov LE: Ecology and the aging process. 1973, American Psychological Association, Washington DC, 619-674.
24.
go back to reference McGilton KS, Sidani S, Boscart VM, Guruge S, Brown M: The relationship between careproviders’ relational behaviors and residents mood and behavior in long-term care settings. Aging Ment Health. 2011, DOI:10/1080/13607863.628980. McGilton KS, Sidani S, Boscart VM, Guruge S, Brown M: The relationship between careproviders’ relational behaviors and residents mood and behavior in long-term care settings. Aging Ment Health. 2011, DOI:10/1080/13607863.628980.
25.
go back to reference Wells DL, Dawson P: A framework for developing nursing knowledge about the effects of dementia on older persons’ abilities. J App Gerontol. 2002, 21 (1): 90-102. 10.1177/0733464802021001006.CrossRef Wells DL, Dawson P: A framework for developing nursing knowledge about the effects of dementia on older persons’ abilities. J App Gerontol. 2002, 21 (1): 90-102. 10.1177/0733464802021001006.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Lawton MP: Assessment, integration and environments for older people. Gerontologist. 1970, 10: 38-46.CrossRefPubMed Lawton MP: Assessment, integration and environments for older people. Gerontologist. 1970, 10: 38-46.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Kovach CR, Taneli Y, Dohearty P, Schlidt AM, Cashin S, Silva-Smith MS: Effect of the BASE intervention on agitation of people with dementia. Gerontologist. 2004, 44 (6): 797-806. 10.1093/geront/44.6.797.CrossRefPubMed Kovach CR, Taneli Y, Dohearty P, Schlidt AM, Cashin S, Silva-Smith MS: Effect of the BASE intervention on agitation of people with dementia. Gerontologist. 2004, 44 (6): 797-806. 10.1093/geront/44.6.797.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Dawson P, Wells DL, Kline K: Enhancing the abilities of persons with Alzheimer’s and related dementias: a nursing perspective. 1993, Springer Publishing Co, New York Dawson P, Wells DL, Kline K: Enhancing the abilities of persons with Alzheimer’s and related dementias: a nursing perspective. 1993, Springer Publishing Co, New York
29.
go back to reference Kitwood T: The experience of dementia. Aging Ment Health. 1997, 1 (1): 13-22. 10.1080/13607869757344.CrossRef Kitwood T: The experience of dementia. Aging Ment Health. 1997, 1 (1): 13-22. 10.1080/13607869757344.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Galik EM, Resnick B, Pretzer-Aboff I: 'Knowing what makes them tick': motivating cognitively impaired older adults to participate in restorative care. Int J Nurs Pract. 2009, 15 (1): 48-55. 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2008.01721.x.CrossRefPubMed Galik EM, Resnick B, Pretzer-Aboff I: 'Knowing what makes them tick': motivating cognitively impaired older adults to participate in restorative care. Int J Nurs Pract. 2009, 15 (1): 48-55. 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2008.01721.x.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Kovach CR, Kelber ST, Simpson M, Wells T: Behaviours of nursing home residents with dementia: examining nurse responses. J Gerontol Nur. 2006, 32 (6): 13-21. Kovach CR, Kelber ST, Simpson M, Wells T: Behaviours of nursing home residents with dementia: examining nurse responses. J Gerontol Nur. 2006, 32 (6): 13-21.
32.
go back to reference McGilton KS, Calabrese S, Davis A, Mahomed N, Flannery J: Outcomes for older adults in an inpatient rehabilitation facility following hip fracture surgery. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009, 49 (1): e23-e31. 10.1016/j.archger.2008.07.012.CrossRefPubMed McGilton KS, Calabrese S, Davis A, Mahomed N, Flannery J: Outcomes for older adults in an inpatient rehabilitation facility following hip fracture surgery. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009, 49 (1): e23-e31. 10.1016/j.archger.2008.07.012.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Kagaya H, Takahashi H, Sugawara K, Kuroda T, Takahama M: Quality of life assessment before and after lumbar disc surgery. J Orthop Sci. 2005, 10 (5): 486-489. 10.1007/s00776-005-0920-x.CrossRefPubMed Kagaya H, Takahashi H, Sugawara K, Kuroda T, Takahama M: Quality of life assessment before and after lumbar disc surgery. J Orthop Sci. 2005, 10 (5): 486-489. 10.1007/s00776-005-0920-x.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Cockrell JR, Folstein MF: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Psychopharm Bull. 1988, 24 (4): 689-692. Cockrell JR, Folstein MF: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Psychopharm Bull. 1988, 24 (4): 689-692.
35.
go back to reference Jorm AF: A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): development and cross-validation. Psychol Med. 1994, 24 (1): 145-153. 10.1017/S003329170002691X.CrossRefPubMed Jorm AF: A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): development and cross-validation. Psychol Med. 1994, 24 (1): 145-153. 10.1017/S003329170002691X.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, Balkin S, Siegal A, Horwitz RI: Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med. 1990, 113 (12): 941-948.CrossRefPubMed Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, Balkin S, Siegal A, Horwitz RI: Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med. 1990, 113 (12): 941-948.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference McCusker J, Cole MG, Dendukuri N, Belzile E: The delirium index, a measure of the severity of delirium: new findings on reliability, validity, and responsiveness. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004, 52 (10): 1744-1749. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52471.x.CrossRefPubMed McCusker J, Cole MG, Dendukuri N, Belzile E: The delirium index, a measure of the severity of delirium: new findings on reliability, validity, and responsiveness. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004, 52 (10): 1744-1749. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52471.x.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Fillenbaum GG, Smyer MA: The development, validity and reliability of the OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire. J Gerontol. 1981, 36 (4): 428-434.CrossRefPubMed Fillenbaum GG, Smyer MA: The development, validity and reliability of the OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire. J Gerontol. 1981, 36 (4): 428-434.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Siu AL, Boockvar KS, Penrod JD, Morrison RS, Halm EA, Litke A, Silberzweig SB, Teresi J, Ocepek-Welikson K, Magaziner J: Effect of inpatient quality of care on functional outcomes in patients with hip fracture. Med Care. 2006, 44 (9): 862-869. 10.1097/01.mlr.0000223738.34872.6a.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Siu AL, Boockvar KS, Penrod JD, Morrison RS, Halm EA, Litke A, Silberzweig SB, Teresi J, Ocepek-Welikson K, Magaziner J: Effect of inpatient quality of care on functional outcomes in patients with hip fracture. Med Care. 2006, 44 (9): 862-869. 10.1097/01.mlr.0000223738.34872.6a.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
go back to reference Eastwood EA, Magaziner J, Wang J, Silberzweig SB, Hannan EL, Strauss E, Siu AL: Patients with hip fracture: subgroups and their outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002, 50 (7): 1240-1249. 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50311.x.CrossRefPubMed Eastwood EA, Magaziner J, Wang J, Silberzweig SB, Hannan EL, Strauss E, Siu AL: Patients with hip fracture: subgroups and their outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002, 50 (7): 1240-1249. 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50311.x.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Keith RA, Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Sherwin FS: The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation. Adv Clin Rehabil. 1987, 1: 6-18.PubMed Keith RA, Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Sherwin FS: The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation. Adv Clin Rehabil. 1987, 1: 6-18.PubMed
42.
go back to reference Rolland Y, Pillard F, Lauwers-Cances V, Busquère F, Vellas B, Lafont C: Rehabilitation outcome of elderly patients with hip fracture and cognitive impairment. Disabil Rehabil. 2004, 26 (7): 425-431. 10.1080/09638280410001663148.CrossRefPubMed Rolland Y, Pillard F, Lauwers-Cances V, Busquère F, Vellas B, Lafont C: Rehabilitation outcome of elderly patients with hip fracture and cognitive impairment. Disabil Rehabil. 2004, 26 (7): 425-431. 10.1080/09638280410001663148.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Goldstein F, Strasser DC, Woodard J, Roberts V: Functional outcomes of cognitively impaired hip fracture patients on a geriatric rehabilitation unit. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997, 45 (1): 35-42.CrossRefPubMed Goldstein F, Strasser DC, Woodard J, Roberts V: Functional outcomes of cognitively impaired hip fracture patients on a geriatric rehabilitation unit. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997, 45 (1): 35-42.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Barnes C, Conner D, Legault L, Reznickova N, Harrison-Felix C: Rehabilitation outcomes in cognitively impaired patients admitted to skilled nursing facilities from the community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004, 85 (10): 1602-1607. 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.02.025.CrossRefPubMed Barnes C, Conner D, Legault L, Reznickova N, Harrison-Felix C: Rehabilitation outcomes in cognitively impaired patients admitted to skilled nursing facilities from the community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004, 85 (10): 1602-1607. 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.02.025.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Dodds T, Martin D, Stolov W, Deyo R: A validation of the functional independence measurement and its performance among rehabilitation inpatients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993, 74 (5): 531-536. 10.1016/0003-9993(93)90119-U.CrossRefPubMed Dodds T, Martin D, Stolov W, Deyo R: A validation of the functional independence measurement and its performance among rehabilitation inpatients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993, 74 (5): 531-536. 10.1016/0003-9993(93)90119-U.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Segal ME, Gillard M, Schall R: Telephone and in-person proxy agreement between stroke patients and caregivers for the functional independence measure. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996, 75 (3): 298-212.CrossRef Segal ME, Gillard M, Schall R: Telephone and in-person proxy agreement between stroke patients and caregivers for the functional independence measure. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996, 75 (3): 298-212.CrossRef
47.
go back to reference McGilton KS, O’Brien-Pallas LL, Darlington G, Evans M, Wynn F, Pringle D: The effects of a relationship-enhancing program of care on outcomes. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2003, 35 (2): 151-156. 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2003.00151.x.CrossRefPubMed McGilton KS, O’Brien-Pallas LL, Darlington G, Evans M, Wynn F, Pringle D: The effects of a relationship-enhancing program of care on outcomes. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2003, 35 (2): 151-156. 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2003.00151.x.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference McGilton KS, Irwin-Robinson H, Boscart V, Spanjevic L: Communication enhancement: nurse and patient satisfaction outcomes in complex continuing care facility. J Adv Nurs. 2006, 54 (1): 35-44. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03787.x.CrossRefPubMed McGilton KS, Irwin-Robinson H, Boscart V, Spanjevic L: Communication enhancement: nurse and patient satisfaction outcomes in complex continuing care facility. J Adv Nurs. 2006, 54 (1): 35-44. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03787.x.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Lintern T, Woods B, Phair L: Before and after training: a case study of intervention. J Dement Care. 2000, 8 (1): 15-17. Lintern T, Woods B, Phair L: Before and after training: a case study of intervention. J Dement Care. 2000, 8 (1): 15-17.
50.
go back to reference Macdonald AJD, Woods RT: Attitudes to dementia and dementia care held by nursing staff in U.K. “non-EMI” care homes: what difference do they make?. Int Psychogeriatr. 2001, 17 (3): 383-391.CrossRef Macdonald AJD, Woods RT: Attitudes to dementia and dementia care held by nursing staff in U.K. “non-EMI” care homes: what difference do they make?. Int Psychogeriatr. 2001, 17 (3): 383-391.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Gilleard C, Groom F: A study of two dementia quizzes. Brit J Clin Psych. 1994, 33 (4): 529-534. 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01149.x.CrossRef Gilleard C, Groom F: A study of two dementia quizzes. Brit J Clin Psych. 1994, 33 (4): 529-534. 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01149.x.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Zimmerman S, Williams CS, Reed PS, Boustani M, Preisser JS, Heck E, Sloane PD: Attitudes, stress, and satisfaction of staff who care for residents with dementia. Gerontologist. 2005, 45 (1): 96-105. 10.1093/geront/45.suppl_1.96.CrossRefPubMed Zimmerman S, Williams CS, Reed PS, Boustani M, Preisser JS, Heck E, Sloane PD: Attitudes, stress, and satisfaction of staff who care for residents with dementia. Gerontologist. 2005, 45 (1): 96-105. 10.1093/geront/45.suppl_1.96.CrossRefPubMed
53.
54.
go back to reference Beaupre LA, Cinats JG, Senthilselvan A, Scharfenberger A, Johnston W: Does standardized rehabilitation and discharge planning improve functional recovery in elderly patients with hip fracture?. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005, 86 (12): 2231-2239. 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.06.019.CrossRefPubMed Beaupre LA, Cinats JG, Senthilselvan A, Scharfenberger A, Johnston W: Does standardized rehabilitation and discharge planning improve functional recovery in elderly patients with hip fracture?. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005, 86 (12): 2231-2239. 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.06.019.CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Jonsson A, Gustafson Y, Schroll M, Hansen FR, Saarela M, Nygaard H, Laake K, Jonsson PV, Valvanne J, Dehlin O: Geriatric rehabilitation as an integral part of geriatric medicine in the Nordic countries. Dan Med Bull. 2003, 5 (4): 439-445. Jonsson A, Gustafson Y, Schroll M, Hansen FR, Saarela M, Nygaard H, Laake K, Jonsson PV, Valvanne J, Dehlin O: Geriatric rehabilitation as an integral part of geriatric medicine in the Nordic countries. Dan Med Bull. 2003, 5 (4): 439-445.
56.
go back to reference Cameron I, Crotty M, Currie C, Finnegan T, Gillespie L, Gillespie W, Handoll H, Kurrie S, Madhok R, Murray G, Quinn K, Torgerson D: Geriatric rehabilitation following fractures in older people: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess. 2000, 4 (2): 1-111. i-iv Cameron I, Crotty M, Currie C, Finnegan T, Gillespie L, Gillespie W, Handoll H, Kurrie S, Madhok R, Murray G, Quinn K, Torgerson D: Geriatric rehabilitation following fractures in older people: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess. 2000, 4 (2): 1-111. i-iv
57.
go back to reference Strauss A, Corbin J: Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. 1998, Sage, London, 2 Strauss A, Corbin J: Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. 1998, Sage, London, 2
58.
go back to reference Jiang HX, Majumdar SR, Dick DA, Moreau M, Raso J, Otto DD, Johnston DWC: Development and initial validation of a risk score for predicting in-hospital and 1-year mortality for patients with hip fractures. J Bone Mineral Research. 2005, 20 (3): 494-500.CrossRef Jiang HX, Majumdar SR, Dick DA, Moreau M, Raso J, Otto DD, Johnston DWC: Development and initial validation of a risk score for predicting in-hospital and 1-year mortality for patients with hip fractures. J Bone Mineral Research. 2005, 20 (3): 494-500.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
An inpatient rehabilitation model of care targeting patients with cognitive impairment
Authors
Katherine S McGilton
Aileen Davis
Nizar Mahomed
John Flannery
Susan Jaglal
Cheryl Cott
Gary Naglie
Elizabeth Rochon
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Geriatrics / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2318
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-12-21

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

BMC Geriatrics 1/2012 Go to the issue
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.