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Journal of NeuroVirology
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology 5/2019

01-10-2019 | Alzheimer's Disease

HIV and Alzheimer’s disease: complex interactions of HIV-Tat with amyloid β peptide and Tau protein

Authors: Alina Hategan, Eliezer Masliah, Avindra Nath

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 5/2019

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Abstract

In patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the HIV-Tat protein may be continually produced despite adequate antiretroviral therapy. As the HIV-infected population is aging, it is becoming increasingly important to understand how HIV-Tat may interact with proteins such as amyloid β and Tau which accumulate in the aging brain and eventually result in Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we examine the in vivo data from HIV-infected patients and animal models and the in vitro experiments that show how protein complexes between HIV-Tat and amyloid β occur through novel protein-protein interactions and how HIV-Tat may influence the pathways for amyloid β production, degradation, phagocytosis, and transport. HIV-Tat may also induce Tau phosphorylation through a cascade of cellular processes that lead to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, another hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. We also identify gaps in knowledge and future directions for research. Available evidence suggests that HIV-Tat may accelerate Alzheimer-like pathology in patients with HIV infection which cannot be impacted by current antiretroviral therapy.
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Metadata
Title
HIV and Alzheimer’s disease: complex interactions of HIV-Tat with amyloid β peptide and Tau protein
Authors
Alina Hategan
Eliezer Masliah
Avindra Nath
Publication date
01-10-2019
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 5/2019
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-019-00736-z

Other articles of this Issue 5/2019

Journal of NeuroVirology 5/2019 Go to the issue

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Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HAND

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Pathogenesis of age-related HIV neurodegeneration

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Vascular cognitive impairment and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: a new paradigm

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Does HIV infection contribute to increased beta-amyloid synthesis and plaque formation leading to neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease?

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Plasma neuronal exosomes serve as biomarkers of cognitive impairment in HIV infection and Alzheimer’s disease

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Astrocyte activation and altered metabolism in normal aging, age-related CNS diseases, and HAND