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01-04-2018 | Original Article

Altered brain morphometry in 7-year old HIV-infected children on early ART

Authors: Emmanuel C. Nwosu, Frances C. Robertson, Martha J. Holmes, Mark F. Cotton, Els Dobbels, Francesca Little, Barbara Laughton, Andre van der Kouwe, Ernesta M. Meintjes

Published in: Metabolic Brain Disease | Issue 2/2018

Abstract

Even with the increased roll out of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), paediatric HIV infection is associated with neurodevelopmental delays and neurocognitive deficits that may be accompanied by alterations in brain structure. Few neuroimaging studies have been done in children initiating ART before 2 years of age, and even fewer in children within the critical stage of brain development between 5 and 11 years. We hypothesized that early ART would limit HIV-related brain morphometric deficits at age 7. Study participants were 7-year old HIV-infected (HIV+) children from the Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Therapy (CHER) trial whose viral loads were supressed at a young age, and age-matched uninfected controls. We used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and FreeSurfer (http://www.freesurfer.net/) software to investigate effects of HIV and age at ART initiation on cortical thickness, gyrification and regional brain volumes. HIV+ children showed reduced gyrification compared to controls in bilateral medial parietal regions, as well as reduced volumes of the right putamen, left hippocampus, and global white and gray matter and thicker cortex in small lateral occipital region. Earlier ART initiation was associated with lower gyrification and thicker cortex in medial frontal regions. Although early ART appears to preserve cortical thickness and volumes of certain brain structures, HIV infection is nevertheless associated with reduced gyrification in the parietal cortex, and lower putamen and hippocampus volumes. Our results indicate that in early childhood gyrification is more sensitive than cortical thickness to timing of ART initiation. Future work will clarify the implications of these morphometric effects for neuropsychological function.

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Title: Altered brain morphometry in 7-year old HIV-infected children on early ART
Authors: Emmanuel C. Nwosu
Frances C. Robertson
Martha J. Holmes
Mark F. Cotton
Els Dobbels
Francesca Little
Barbara Laughton
Andre van der Kouwe
Ernesta M. Meintjes
Publication date: 01-04-2018
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Metabolic Brain Disease / Issue 2/2018
Print ISSN: 0885-7490
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7365
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0162-6

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Altered brain morphometry in 7-year old HIV-infected children on early ART

Abstract

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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