Top

Published in:

01-09-2019 | Adrenocortical Carcinoma | Original Paper

Identification of important invasion and proliferation related genes in adrenocortical carcinoma

Authors: Ali Mohamed Alshabi, Basavaraj Vastrad, Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh, Chanabasayya Vastrad

Published in: Medical Oncology | Issue 9/2019

Abstract

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an end‐stage hormonal syndrome. Although profound attempts have been made to illuminate the pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms of ACC remain to be clarified. To identify the important genes in the progression of ACC, microarray datasets GSE19775 was downloaded from the gene expression omnibus database. The differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and pathway and GO enrichment analyses were performed. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the module analysis was performed using the protein interaction network analysis and Cytoscape. Also constructed target genes–miRNA regulatory network and target genes–TF regulatory network. Correlation of the hub genes were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas. The prognostic values of hub genes were further validated by online tool UALCAN. Mutation analysis was done by online tool CBio Cancer Genomics Portal. A total of 884 DEGs were identified, with 441 in up regulation and 443 in down regulation. Pathways in catecholamine biosynthesis, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides salvage and systemic lupus erythematosus were the most significantly enriched for DEGs (up and down regulated). Blood vessel morphogenesis and cell cycle phase transition were the most significantly enriched term in biological processes, while extracellular matrix and chromosome, centromeric region were in cellular component and heparin binding and protein dimerization activity were in molecular function. Among the PPI networks and its module, target genes–miRNA regulatory network and target genes–TF regulatory network, hub genes were YWHAZ, FN1, GRK5, VCAM1, GATA6, TXNIP, HSPA1A, and F11R. Hub genes such as YWHAZ, STAT1, ICAM1, SH3BP5, CD83, FN1, TK1, HIST1H1C, CABLES1, and MCM3 were associated with poor overall survival, while hub genes such as STAT1, ICAM1, CD83, FN1, TK1, HIST1H1C, and MCM3 were highly expressed in stage 4. In conclusion, DEGs and hub genes diagnosed in this study may deepen our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of ACC, and provide important targets for diagnosis and treatment of ACC.

Calissendorff J, Calissendorff F, Falhammar H. Adrenocortical cancer: mortality, hormone secretion, proliferation and urine steroids—experience from a single centre spanning three decades. BMC Endocr Disord. 2016;16:15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-016-0095-9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Wajchenberg BL, Albergaria Pereira MA, Medonca BB, Latronico AC, Campos Carneiro P, Alves VA, Zerbini MC, Liberman B, Carlos Gomes G, et al. Adrenocortical carcinoma: clinical and laboratory observations. Cancer. 2000;88(4):711–36.PubMedCrossRef

Icard P, Louvel A, Chapuis Y. Survival rates and prognostic factors in adrenocortical carcinoma. World J Surg. 1992;16(4):753–8.PubMedCrossRef

Gara SK, Lack J, Zhang L, Harris E, Cam M, Kebebew E. Metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma displays higher mutation rate and tumor heterogeneity than primary tumors. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):4172. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06366-z.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Doghman M, Cazareth J, Lalli E. The T cell factor/beta-catenin antagonist PKF115-584 inhibits proliferation of adrenocortical carcinoma cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(8):3222–5. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-0247.PubMedCrossRef

Miettinen M. Neuroendocrine differentiation in adrenocortical carcinoma. New immunohistochemical findings supported by electron microscopy. Lab Investig. 1992;66(2):169–74.PubMed

Bernini GP, Moretti A, Viacava P, Bonadio AG, Iacconi P, Miccoli P, Salvetti A. Apoptosis control and proliferation marker in human normal and neoplastic adrenocortical tissues. Br J Cancer. 2002;86(10):1561–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6600287.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Assié G, Antoni G, Tissier F, Caillou B, Abiven G, Gicquel C, Leboulleux S, Travagli JP, Dromain C, Bertagna X, et al. Prognostic parameters of metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(1):148–54. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-0706.PubMedCrossRef

Fernandez-Ranvier GG, Weng J, Yeh RF, Khanafshar E, Suh I, Barker C, Duh QY, Clark OH, Kebebew E. Identification of biomarkers of adrenocortical carcinoma using genomewide gene expression profiling. Arch Surg. 2008;143(9):841–6. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.143.9.841.PubMedCrossRef

10.

Fay AP, Signoretti S, Callea M, Telό GH, McKay RR, Song J, Carvo I, Lampron ME, Kaymakcalan MD, Poli-de-Figueiredo CE, et al. Programmed death ligand-1 expression in adrenocortical carcinoma: an exploratory biomarker study. J Immunother Cancer. 2015;3:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40425-015-0047-3.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

11.

Patel D, Ellis R, Howard B, Boufraqech M, Gara SK, Zhang L, Quezado MM, Nilubol N, Kebebew E. Analysis of IGF and IGFBP as prognostic serum biomarkers for adrenocortical carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21(11):3541–7. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-3768-5.PubMedCrossRef

12.

Caramuta S, Lee L, Ozata DM, Akçakaya P, Xie H, Höög A, Zedenius J, Bäckdahl M, Larsson C, Lui WO. Clinical and functional impact of TARBP2 over-expression in adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2013;20(4):551–64. https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-13-0098.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

13.

Schmitt A, Saremaslani P, Schmid S, Rousson V, Montani M, Schmid DM, Heitz PU, Komminoth P, Perren A. IGFII and MIB1 immunohistochemistry is helpful for the differentiation of benign from malignant adrenocortical tumours. Histopathology. 2006;49(3):298–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02505.x.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Jain M, Zhang L, He M, Zhang YQ, Shen M, Kebebew E. TOP2A is overexpressed and is a therapeutic target for adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2013;20(3):361–70. https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-12-0403.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

15.

El Wakil A, Lalli E. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in adrenocortical development and cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011;332(1–2):32–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2010.11.014.PubMedCrossRef

16.

Parviainen H, Schrade A, Kiiveri S, Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen R, Haglund C, Vainio S, Wilson DB, Arola J, Heikinheimo M, et al. Expression of Wnt and TGF-β pathway components and key adrenal transcription factors in adrenocortical tumors: association to carcinoma aggressiveness. Pathol Res Pract. 2013;209(8):503–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2013.06.002.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

17.

De Martino MC, van Koetsveld PM, Pivonello R, Hofland LJ. Role of the mTOR pathway in normal and tumoral adrenal cells. Neuroendocrinology. 2010;92(Suppl 1):28–34. https://doi.org/10.1159/000314280.PubMedCrossRef

18.

Demeure MJ, Coan KE, Grant CS, Komorowski RA, Stephan E, Sinari S, Mount D, Bussey KJ. PTTG1 overexpression in adrenocortical cancer is associated with poor survival and represents a potential therapeutic target. Surgery. 2013;154(6):1405–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2013.06.058.PubMedCrossRef

19.

Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, Hu Y, Law CW, Shi W, Smyth GK. limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43(7):e47. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv007.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

20.

Caspi R, Billington R, Ferrer L, Foerster H, Fulcher CA, Keseler IM, Kothari A, Krummenacker M, Latendresse M, Mueller LA, et al. The MetaCyc database of metabolic pathways and enzymes and the BioCyc collection of pathway/genome databases. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(D1):D471–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1164.PubMedCrossRef

21.

Tanabe M, Kanehisa M. Using the KEGG database resource, Chapter 1: Unit 1.12. Curr Protoc Bioinform. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471250953.bi0112s38.CrossRef

22.

Schaefer CF, Anthony K, Krupa S, Buchoff J, Day M, Hannay T, Buetow KH. PID: the pathway interaction database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(Database issue):D674–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn653.PubMedCrossRef

23.

Sidiropoulos K, Viteri G, Sevilla C, Jupe S, Webber M, Orlic-Milacic M, Jassal B, May B, Shamovsky V, Duenas C, et al. Reactome enhanced pathway visualization. Bioinformatics. 2017;33(21):3461–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx441.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

24.

Dahlquist KD, Salomonis N, Vranizan K, Lawlor SC, Conklin BR. GenMAPP, a new tool for viewing and analyzing microarray data on biological pathways. Nat Genet. 2002;31(1):19–20. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0502-19.PubMedCrossRef

25.

Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, Mukherjee S, Ebert BL, Gillette MA, Paulovich A, Pomeroy SL, Golub TR, Lander ES, et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102(43):15545–50. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506580102.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Mi H, Huang X, Muruganujan A, Tang H, Mills C, Kang D, Thomas PD. PANTHER version 11: expanded annotation data from Gene Ontology and Reactome pathways, and data analysis tool enhancements. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45(D1):D183–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw1138.PubMedCrossRef

27.

Petri V, Jayaraman P, Tutaj M, Hayman GT, Smith JR, De Pons J, Laulederkind SJ, Lowry TF, Nigam R, Wang SJ, et al. The pathway ontology—updates and applications. J Biomed Semant. 2014;5(1):7. https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-1480-5-7.CrossRef

28.

Jewison T, Su Y, Disfany FM, Liang Y, Knox C, Maciejewski A, Poelzer J, Huynh J, Zhou Y, Arndt D, et al. SMPDB 2.0: big improvements to the Small Molecule Pathway Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014;42(Database issue):D478–84. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1067.PubMedCrossRef

29.

Kaimal V, Bardes EE, Tabar SC, Jegga AG, Aronow BJ. ToppCluster: a multiple gene list feature analyzer for comparative enrichment clustering and network-based dissection of biological systems. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38(Web Server issue):W96–102. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq418.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

30.

Ashburner M, Ball CA, Blake JA, Botstein D, Butler H, Cherry JM, Davis AP, Dolinski K, Dwight SS, et al. Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium. Nat Genet. 2000;25(1):25–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/75556.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

31.

Cowley MJ, Pinese M, Kassahn KS, Waddell N, Pearson JV, Grimmond SM, Biankin AV, Hautaniemi S, Wu J. PINA v2.0: mining interactome modules. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;40(Database issue):D862–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr967.PubMedCrossRef

32.

Orchard S, Ammari M, Aranda B, Breuza L, Briganti L, Broackes-Carter F, Campbell NH, Chavali G, Chen C, del-Toro N, et al. The MIntAct project–IntAct as a common curation platform for 11 molecular interaction databases. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014;42(Database issue):D358–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1115.PubMedCrossRef

33.

Licata L, Briganti L, Peluso D, Perfetto L, Iannuccelli M, Galeota E, Sacco F, Palma A, Nardozza AP, Santonico E, et al. MINT, the molecular interaction database: 2012 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;40(Database issue):D857–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr930.PubMedCrossRef

34.

Oughtred R, Stark C, Breitkreutz BJ, Rust J, Boucher L, Chang C, Kolas N, O’Donnell L, Leung G, McAdam R, et al. The BioGRID interaction database: 2019 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D529–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky1079.PubMedCrossRef

35.

Salwinski L, Miller CS, Smith AJ, Pettit FK, Bowie JU, Eisenberg D. The Database of Interacting Proteins: 2004 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(Database issue):D449–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh086.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

36.

Keshava Prasad TS, Goel R, Kandasamy K, Keerthikumar S, Kumar S, Mathivanan S, Telikicherla D, Raju R, Shafreen B, Venugopal A, Balakrishnan L, et al. Human Protein Reference Database–2009 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(Database issue):D767–72. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn892.PubMedCrossRef

37.

Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, et al. Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res. 2003;3:2498–504. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.1239303.CrossRef

38.

Aittokallio T, Schwikowski B. Graph-based methods for analysing networks in cell biology. Brief Bioinform. 2006;7(3):243–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbl022.PubMedCrossRef

39.

Ashtiani M, Salehzadeh-Yazdi A, Razaghi-Moghadam Z, Hennig H, Wolkenhauer O, Mirzaie M, Jafari M. A systematic survey of centrality measures for protein-protein interaction networks. BMC Syst Biol. 2018;12(1):80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12918-018-0598-2.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

40.

Shi Z, Zhang B. Fast network centrality analysis using GPUs. BMC Bioinform. 2011;12:149. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-12-149.CrossRef

41.

Dopazo J. Erten C Graph-theoretical comparison of normal and tumor networks in identifying BRCA genes. BMC Syst Biol. 2017;11(1):110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12918-017-0495-0.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

42.

Li M, Lu Y, Niu Z, Wu FX. United complex centrality for identification of essential proteins from PPI networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform. 2017;14(2):370–80. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2015.2394487.PubMedCrossRef

43.

Zaki N, Efimov D, Berengueres J. Protein complex detection using interaction reliability assessment and weighted clustering coefficient. BMC. Bioinform. 2013;14:163. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-14-163.CrossRef

44.

Fan Y, Xia J. miRNet-functional analysis and visual exploration of miRNA-target interactions in a network context. Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1819:215–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8618-7_10.PubMedCrossRef

45.

Vlachos IS, Paraskevopoulou MD, Karagkouni D, Georgakilas G, Vergoulis T, Kanellos I, Anastasopoulos IL, Maniou S, Karathanou K, Kalfakakou D, et al. DIANA-TarBase v7.0: indexing more than half a million experimentally supported miRNA:mRNA interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43(Database issue):D153–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1215.PubMedCrossRef

46.

Chou CH, Shrestha S, Yang CD, Chang NW, Lin YL, Liao KW, Huang WC, Sun TH, Tu SJ, Lee WH, et al. miRTarBase update 2018: a resource for experimentally validated microRNA-target interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46(D1):D296–302. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1067.PubMedCrossRef

47.

Xiao F, Zuo Z, Cai G, Kang S, Gao X, Li T. miRecords: an integrated resource for microRNA-target interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(Database issue):D105–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn851.PubMedCrossRef

48.

Jiang Q, Wang Y, Hao Y, Juan L, Teng M, Zhang X, Li M, Wang G, Liu Y. miR2Disease: a manually curated database for microRNA deregulation in human disease. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(Database issue):D98–104. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn714.PubMedCrossRef

49.

Huang Z, Shi J, Gao Y, Cui C, Zhang S, Li J, Zhou Y, Cui Q. HMDD v3.0: a database for experimentally supported human microRNA-disease associations. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D1013–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky1010z.PubMedCrossRef

50.

Ruepp A, Kowarsch A, Schmidl D, Buggenthin F, Brauner B, Dunger I, Fobo G, Frishman G, Montrone C, Theis FJ. PhenomiR: a knowledgebase for microRNA expression in diseases and biological processes. Genome Biol. 2010;11(1):R6. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2010-11-1-r6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

51.

Liu X, Wang S, Meng F, Wang J, Zhang Y, Dai E, Yu X, Li X, Jiang W. SM2miR: a database of the experimentally validated small molecules’ effects on microRNA expression. Bioinformatics. 2013;29(3):409–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts698.PubMedCrossRef

52.

Rukov JL, Wilentzik R, Jaffe I, Vinther J, Shomron N. Pharmaco-miR: linking microRNAs and drug effects. Brief Bioinform. 2014;15(4):648–59. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbs082.PubMedCrossRef

53.

Dai E, Yu X, Zhang Y, Meng F, Wang S, Liu X, Liu D, Wang J, Li X, Jiang W. EpimiR: a database of curated mutual regulation between miRNAs and epigenetic modifications. Database. 2014;2014:bau023. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bau023.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

54.

Li JH, Liu S, Zhou H, Qu LH, Yang JH. starBase v2.0: decoding miRNA-ceRNA, miRNA-ncRNA and protein-RNA interaction networks from large-scale CLIP-Seq data. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014;42(Database issue):D92–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1248.PubMedCrossRef

55.

Zhou G, Soufan O, Ewald J, Hancock REW, Basu N, Xia J. NetworkAnalyst 3.0: a visual analytics platform for comprehensive gene expression profiling and meta-analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz240.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

56.

Davis CA, Hitz BC, Sloan CA, Chan ET, Davidson JM, Gabdank I, Hilton JA, Jain K, Baymuradov UK, Narayanan AK, et al. The Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE): data portal update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46(D1):D794–801. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1081.PubMedCrossRef

57.

Chandrashekar DS, Bashel B, Balasubramanya SAH, Creighton CJ, Ponce-Rodriguez I, Chakravarthi BVSK, Varambally S. UALCAN: a portal for facilitating tumor subgroup gene expression and survival analyses. Neoplasia. 2017;19(8):649–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2017.05.002.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

58.

Gao J, Aksoy BA, Dogrusoz U, Dresdner G, Gross B, Sumer SO, Sun Y, Jacobsen A, Sinha R, Larsson E, et al. Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal. Sci Signal. 2013;6(269):pl1. https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2004088.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

59.

Funahashi H, Imai T, Tanaka Y, Tobinaga J, Wada M, Matsuyama T, Tsukamura K, Yamada F, Takagi H, Narita T, et al. Discrepancy between PNMT presence and relative lack of adrenaline production in extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. J Surg Oncol. 1994;57(3):196–200.PubMedCrossRef

60.

Maletínská L, Maixnerová J, Matysková R, Haugvicová R, Sloncová E, Elbert T, Slaninová J, Zelezná B. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide specific binding in pheochromocytoma cells PC12. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;559(2–3):109–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.12.014.PubMedCrossRef

61.

Roperch JP, Incitti R, Forbin S, Bard F, Mansour H, Mesli F, Baumgaertner I, Brunetti F, Sobhani I. Aberrant methylation of NPY, PENK, and WIF1 as a promising marker for blood-based diagnosis of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer. 2013;13:566. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-13-566.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

62.

Lawrence B, Gustafsson BI, Kidd M, Pavel M, Svejda B, Modlin IM. The clinical relevance of chromogranin A as a biomarker for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 2011;40(1):111–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2010.12.001.CrossRef

63.

Feng S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Creighton CJ, Ittmann M. FGF23 promotes prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget. 2015;6(19):17291–301. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4174.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

64.

Miller SL, Antico G, Raghunath PN, Tomaszewski JE, Clevenger CV. Nek3 kinase regulates prolactin-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization and motility of breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 2007;26(32):4668–78. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1210264.PubMedCrossRef

65.

Zhao Y, Yun D, Zou X, Jiang T, Li G, Hu L, Chen J, Xu J, Mao Y, Chen H, et al. Whole exome-wide association study identifies a missense variant in SLC2A4RG associated with glioblastoma risk. Am J Cancer Res. 2017;7(9):1937–47.PubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Price JC, Pollock LM, Rudd ML, Fogoros SK, Mohamed H, Hanigan CL, Le Gallo M. Sequencing of candidate chromosome instability genes in endometrial cancers reveals somatic mutations in ESCO1, CHTF18, and MRE11A. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(6):e63313. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063313.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

67.

An Y, Zhang Z, Shang Y, Jiang X, Dong J, Yu P, Nie Y, Zhao Q. miR-23b-3p regulates the chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells by targeting ATG12 and HMGB2. Cell Death Dis. 2015;6:e1766. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2015.123.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

68.

Drelon C, Berthon A, Mathieu M, Ragazzon B, Kuick R, Tabbal H, Septier A, Rodriguez S, Batisse-Lignier M, Sahut-Barnola I, et al. EZH2 is overexpressed in adrenocortical carcinoma and is associated with disease progression. Hum Mol Genet. 2016;25(13):2789–800. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddw136.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

69.

Bethke L, Webb E, Sellick G, Rudd M, Penegar S, Withey L, Qureshi M, Houlston R. Polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 genes CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1 and colorectal cancer risk. BMC Cancer. 2007;7:123. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-7-123.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

70.

Chang BL, Zheng SL, Hawkins GA, Isaacs SD, Wiley KE, Turner A, Carpten JD, Bleecker ER, Walsh PC, Trent JM, et al. Joint effect of HSD3B1 and HSD3B2 genes is associated with hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer susceptibility. Cancer Res. 2002;62(6):1784–9.PubMed

71.

Sigurdson AJ, Brenner AV, Roach JA, Goudeva L, Müller JA, Nerlich K, Reiners C, Schwab R, Pfeiffer L, Waldenberger M, et al. Selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FOXE1, SERPINA5, FTO, EVPL, TICAM1 and SCARB1 are associated with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer risk: replication study in a German population. Carcinogenesis. 2016;37(7):677–84. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgw047.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

72.

Kelemen LE, Couch FJ, Ahmed S, Dunning AM, Pharoah PD, Easton DF, Fredericksen ZS, Vierkant RA, Pankratz VS, Goode EL, et al. Genetic variation in stromal proteins decorin and lumican with breast cancer: investigations in two case-control studies. Breast Cancer Res. 2008;10(6):R98. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2201.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

73.

Slattery ML, Samowitz W, Curtin K, Ma KN, Hoffman M, Caan B, Neuhausen S. Associations among IRS1, IRS2, IGF1, and IGFBP3 genetic polymorphisms and colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2004;13(7):1206–14.

74.

Müller-Vieira U, Angotti M, Hartmann RW. The adrenocortical tumor cell line NCI-H295R as an in vitro screening system for the evaluation of CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) and CYP11B1 (steroid-11beta-hydroxylase) inhibitors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005;96(3–4):259–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.04.032.PubMedCrossRef

75.

Kroiss M, Reuss M, Kühner D, Johanssen S, Beyer M, Zink M, Hartmann MF, Dhir V, Wudy SA, Arlt W, et al. Sunitinib inhibits cell proliferation and alters steroidogenesis by down-regulation of HSD3B2 in adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Front Endocrinol. 2011;2:27. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2011.00027.CrossRef

76.

Zhu Y, Xu Y, Chen D, Zhang C, Rui W, Zhao J, Zhu Q, Wu Y, Shen Z, Wang W, et al. Expression of STAT3 and IGF2 in adrenocortical carcinoma and its relationship with angiogenesis. Clin Transl Oncol. 2014;16(7):644–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-013-1130-1.PubMedCrossRef

77.

Shigematsu K, Nishida N, Sakai H, Igawa T, Toriyama K, Nakatani A, Takahara O, Kawai K. Synaptophysin immunoreactivity in adrenocortical adenomas: a correlation between synaptophysin and CYP17A1 expression. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;161(6):939–45. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-09-0596.PubMedCrossRef

78.

Doghman M, Arhatte M, Thibout H, Rodrigues G, De Moura J, Grosso S, West AN, Laurent M, Mas JC, Bongain A, et al. Nephroblastoma overexpressed/cysteine-rich protein 61/connective tissue growth factor/nephroblastoma overexpressed gene-3 (NOV/CCN3), a selective adrenocortical cell proapoptotic factor, is down-regulated in childhood adrenocortical tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(8):3253–60. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0342.PubMedCrossRef

79.

Boulle N, Logié A, Gicquel C, Perin L, Le Bouc Y. Increased levels of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and IGF-binding protein-2 are associated with malignancy in sporadic adrenocortical tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83(5):1713–20. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.5.4816.PubMedCrossRef

80.

Ilvesmäki V, Liu J, Heikkilä P, Kahri AI, Voutilainen R. Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1-6 genes in adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas. Horm Metab Res. 1998;30(10):619–23. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-978945.PubMedCrossRef

81.

Mantovani G, Lania AG, Bondioni S, Peverelli E, Pedroni C, Ferrero S, Pellegrini C, Vicentini L, Arnaldi G, Bosari S, et al. Different expression of protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunits in cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumors: relationship with cell proliferation. Exp Cell Res. 2008;314(1):123–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.08.024.PubMedCrossRef

82.

Hafiz S, Dennis JC, Schwartz D, Judd R, Tao YX, Khazal K, Akingbemi B, Mo XL, Abdel-Mageed AB, Morrison E, et al. Expression of melanocortin receptors in human prostate cancer cell lines: MC2R activation by ACTH increases prostate cancer cell proliferation. Int J Oncol. 2012;41(4):1373–80. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1574.PubMedCrossRef

83.

Zahnow CA. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta: its role in breast cancer and associations with receptor tyrosine kinases. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2009;11:e12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1462399409001033.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

84.

Kim SH, Park YY, Kim SW, Lee JS, Wang D, DuBois RN. ANGPTL4 induction by prostaglandin E2 under hypoxic conditions promotes colorectal cancer progression. Cancer Res. 2011;71(22):7010–20. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1262.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

85.

Zhou F, Drabsch Y, Dekker TJ, Vinuesa AG, Li Y, Hawinkels LJ, Sheppard KA, Goumans MJ, Luwor RB, Vries CJ, Mesker WE, et al. Nuclear receptor NR4A1 promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis by activating TGF-β signalling. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3388. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4388.PubMedCrossRef

86.

Holla VR, Mann JR, Shi Q, DuBois RN. Prostaglandin E2 regulates the nuclear receptor NR4A2 in colorectal cancer. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(5):2676–82. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M507752200.PubMedCrossRef

87.

He JH, Li BX, Han ZP, Zou MX, Wang L, Lv YB, Zhou JB, Cao MR, Li YG. Zhang JZ et al Snail-activated long non-coding RNA PCA3 up-regulates PRKD3 expression by miR-1261 sponging, thereby promotes invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-016-5450-y.PubMedCrossRef

88.

Tyan SW, Hsu CH, Peng KL, Chen CC, Kuo WH, Lee EY, Shew JY, Chang KJ, Juan LJ, Lee WH. Breast cancer cells induce stromal fibroblasts to secrete ADAMTS1 for cancer invasion through an epigenetic change. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(4):e35128. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035128.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

89.

Fan L, Zhu Q, Liu L, Zhu C, Huang H, Lu S, Liu P. CXCL13 is androgen-responsive and involved in androgen induced prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Oncotarget. 2017;8(32):53244–61. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18387.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

90.

Yu ST, Zhong Q, Chen RH, Han P, Li SB, Zhang H, Yuan L, Xia TL, Zeng MS, Huang XM. CRLF1 promotes malignant phenotypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma by activating the MAPK/ERK and PI3 K/AKT pathways. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9(3):371. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-0352-0.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

91.

Scotton CJ, Wilson JL, Scott K, Stamp G, Wilbanks GD, Fricker S, Bridger G, Balkwill FR. Multiple actions of the chemokine CXCL12 on epithelial tumor cells in human ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. 2002;62(20):5930–8.PubMed

92.

Kavandi L, Collier MA, Nguyen H, Syed V. Progesterone and calcitriol attenuate inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells. J Cell Biochem. 2012;113(10):3143–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.24191.PubMedCrossRef

93.

Reed CC, Waterhouse A, Kirby S, Kay P, Owens RT, McQuillan DJ, Iozzo RV. Decorin prevents metastatic spreading of breast cancer. Oncogene. 2005;24(6):1104–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208329.PubMedCrossRef

94.

Sun C, Fukui H, Hara K, Zhang X, Kitayama Y, Eda H, Tomita T, Oshima T, Kikuchi S, Watari J, et al. FGF9 from cancer-associated fibroblasts is a possible mediator of invasion and anti-apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. BMC Cancer. 2015;15:333.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

95.

Husaini Y, Qiu MR, Lockwood GP, Luo XW, Shang P, Kuffner T, Tsai VW, Jiang L, Russell PJ, Brown DA, et al. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) slows cancer development but increases metastases in TRAMP prostate cancer prone mice. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(8):e43833. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043833.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

96.

Duffy MJ, O’Grady P, Devaney D, O’Siorain L, Fennelly JJ, Lijnen HJ. Urokinase-plasminogen activator, a marker for aggressive breast carcinomas. Prelim Rep Cancer. 1988;62(3):531–3.

97.

Hermani A, Hess J, De Servi B, Medunjanin S, Grobholz R, Trojan L, Angel P, Mayer D. Calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9 as novel diagnostic markers in human prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11(14):5146–52. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0352.PubMedCrossRef

98.

Zhao J, Tang H, Zhao H, Che W, Zhang L, Liang P. SEMA6A is a prognostic biomarker in glioblastoma. Tumour Biol. 2015;36(11):8333–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-3584-y.PubMedCrossRef

99.

Tanaka K, Arao T, Maegawa M, Matsumoto K, Kaneda H, Kudo K, Fujita Y, Yokote H, Yanagihara K, Yamada Y, et al. SRPX2 is overexpressed in gastric cancer and promotes cellular migration and adhesion. Int J Cancer. 2009;124(5):1072–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24065.PubMedCrossRef

100.

Yuan Y, Nymoen DA, Stavnes HT, Rosnes AK, Bjørang O, Wu C, Nesland JM, Davidson B. Tenascin-X is a novel diagnostic marker of malignant mesothelioma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(11):1673–82. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181b6bde3.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

101.

Iliopoulos D, Hirsch HA, Wang G, Struhl K. Inducible formation of breast cancer stem cells and their dynamic equilibrium with non-stem cancer cells via IL6 secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108(4):1397–402. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1018898108.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

102.

Koo AS, Chiu R, Soong J, Dekernion JB, Belldegrun A. The expression of C-jun and junB mRNA in renal cell cancer and in vitro regulation by transforming growth factor beta 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha 1. J Urol. 1992;148(4):1314–8.PubMedCrossRef

103.

Gregersen LH, Jacobsen AB, Frankel LB, Wen J, Krogh A, Lund AH. MicroRNA-145 targets YES and STAT1 in colon cancer cells. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(1):e8836. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008836.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

104.

Friedline JA, Garrett SH, Somji S, Todd JH, Sens DA. Differential expression of the MT-1E gene in estrogen-receptor-positive and -negative human breast cancer cell lines. Am J Pathol. 1998;152(1):23–7.PubMedPubMedCentral

105.

Lyakhovich A, Aksenov N, Pennanen P, Miettinen S, Ahonen MH, Syvälä H, Ylikomi T, Tuohimaa P. Vitamin D induced up-regulation of keratinocyte growth factor (FGF-7/KGF) in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;273(2):675–80. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.2998.PubMedCrossRef

106.

Bettin A, Reyes I, Reyes N. Gene expression profiling of prostate cancer-associated genes identifies fibromodulin as potential novel biomarker for prostate cancer. Int J Biol Mark. 2016;31(2):e153–62. https://doi.org/10.5301/jbm.5000184.CrossRef

107.

Qian X, Li C, Pang B, Xue M, Wang J, Zhou J. Spondin-2 (SPON2), a more prostate-cancer-specific diagnostic biomarker. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(5):e37225. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037225.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

108.

Zhou ZQ, Cao WH, Xie JJ, Lin J, Shen ZY, Zhang QY, Shen JH, Xu LY, Li EM. Expression and prognostic significance of THBS1, Cyr61 and CTGF in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2009;9:291. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-291.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

109.

Pierconti F, Martini M, Pinto F, Cenci T, Capodimonti S, Calarco A, Bassi PF, Larocca LM. Epigenetic silencing of SOCS3 identifies a subset of prostate cancer with an aggressive behavior. Prostate. 2011;71(3):318–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.21245.PubMedCrossRef

110.

Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Hoque MO, Nomoto S, Carvalho AL, Costa VL, Oliveira J, Teixeira MR, Lopes C, Sidransky D. MT1G hypermethylation is associated with higher tumor stage in prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2005;14(5):1274–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0659.CrossRef

111.

Han YC, Zheng ZL, Zuo ZH, Yu YP, Chen R, Tseng GC, Nelson JB, Luo JH. Metallothionein 1 h tumour suppressor activity in prostate cancer is mediated by euchromatin methyltransferase. J Pathol. 2013;230(2):184–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4169.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

112.

Du W, Wang S, Zhou Q, Li X, Chu J, Chang Z, Tao Q, Ng EK, Fang J, Sung JJ, et al. ADAMTS9 is a functional tumor suppressor through inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway and associated with poor survival in gastric cancer. Oncogene. 2013;32(28):3319–28. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2012.359.PubMedCrossRef

113.

Chen HA, Kuo TC, Tseng CF, Ma JT, Yang ST, Yen CJ, Yang CY, Sung SY, Su JL. Angiopoietin-like protein 1 antagonizes MET receptor activity to repress sorafenib resistance and cancer stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2016;64(5):1637–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.28773.PubMedCrossRef

114.

Cheng YY, Jin H, Liu X, Siu JM, Wong YP, Ng EK, Yu J, Leung WK, Sung JJ, Chan FK. Fibulin 1 is downregulated through promoter hypermethylation in gastric cancer. Br J Cancer. 2008;99(12):2083–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604760.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

115.

Yang G, Liang Y, Zheng T, Song R, Wang J, Shi H, Sun B, Xie C, Li Y, Han J, et al. FCN2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition-induced metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via TGF-β/Smad signaling. Cancer Lett. 2016;378(2):80–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.007.PubMedCrossRef

116.

Tomizawa Y, Sekido Y, Kondo M, Gao B, Yokota J, Roche J, Drabkin H, Lerman MI, Gazdar AF, Minna JD. Inhibition of lung cancer cell growth and induction of apoptosis after reexpression of 3p21.3 candidate tumor suppressor gene SEMA3B. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98(24):13954–9. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.231490898.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

117.

Azhikina T, Kozlova A, Skvortsov T, Sverdlov E. Heterogeneity and degree of TIMP4, GATA4, SOX18, and EGFL7 gene promoter methylation in non-small cell lung cancer and surrounding tissues. Cancer Genet. 2011;204(9):492–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cancergen.2011.07.010.PubMedCrossRef

118.

Lu DD, Chen YC, Zhang XR, Cao XR, Jiang HY, Yao L. The relationship between metallothionein-1F (MT1F) gene and hepatocellular carcinoma. Yale J Biol Med. 2003;76(2):55–62.PubMedPubMedCentral

119.

Soria G, Ben-Baruch A. The inflammatory chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 in breast cancer. Cancer Lett. 2008;267(2):271–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.018.PubMedCrossRef

120.

Wang D, Wang H, Brown J, Daikoku T, Ning W, Shi Q, Richmond A, Strieter R, Dey SK, DuBois RN. CXCL1 induced by prostaglandin E2 promotes angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. J Exp Med. 2006;203(4):941–51. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20052124.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

121.

Sadr-Nabavi A, Ramser J, Volkmann J, Naehrig J, Wiesmann F, Betz B, Hellebrand H, Engert S, Seitz S, Kreutzfeld R, et al. Decreased expression of angiogenesis antagonist EFEMP1 in sporadic breast cancer is caused by aberrant promoter methylation and points to an impact of EFEMP1 as molecular biomarker. Int J Cancer. 2009;124(7):1727–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24108.PubMedCrossRef

122.

Tümer N, Brown JW, Carballeira A, Fishman LM. Tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in varying forms of human pheochromocytoma. Life Sci. 1996;59(19):1659–65.PubMedCrossRef

123.

Lundberg JM, Hökfelt T, Hemsén A, Theodorsson-Norheim E, Pernow J, Hamberger B, Goldstein M. Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in adrenaline cells of adrenal medulla and in tumors and plasma of pheochromocytoma patients. Regul Pept. 1986;13(2):169–82.PubMedCrossRef

124.

He Q, Zou L, Zhang PA, Lui JX, Skog S, Fornander T. The clinical significance of thymidine kinase 1 measurement in serum of breast cancer patients using anti-TK1 antibody. Int J Biol Mark. 2000;15(2):139–46.CrossRef

125.

Watson RG, Muhale F, Thorne LB, Yu J, O’Neil BH, Hoskins JM, Meyers MO, Deal AM, Ibrahim JG, Hudson ML, et al. Amplification of thymidylate synthetase in metastatic colorectal cancer patients pretreated with 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(18):3358–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.011.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

126.

Nakayama N, Nakayama K, Shamima Y, Ishikawa M, Katagiri A, Iida K, Miyazaki K. Gene amplification CCNE1 is related to poor survival and potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Cancer. 2010;116(11):2621–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24987.PubMedCrossRef

127.

Bravou V, Nishitani H, Song SY, Taraviras S, Varakis J. Expression of the licensing factors, Cdt1 and Geminin, in human colon cancer. Int J Oncol. 2005;27(6):1511–8.PubMed

128.

Ifon ET, Pang AL, Johnson W, Cashman K, Zimmerman S, Muralidhar S, Chan WY, Casey J, Rosenthal LJ. U94 alters FN1 and ANGPTL4 gene expression and inhibits tumorigenesis of prostate cancer cell line PC3. Cancer Cell Int. 2005;5:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2867-5-19.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

129.

Esseghir S, Kennedy A, Seedhar P, Nerurkar A, Poulsom R, Reis-Filho JS, Isacke CM. Identification of NTN4, TRA1, and STC2 as prognostic markers in breast cancer in a screen for signal sequence encoding proteins. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(11):3164–73. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0224.PubMedCrossRef

130.

Durak I, Biri H, Devrim E, Sözen S, Avci A. Aqueous extract of Urtica dioica makes significant inhibition on adenosine deaminase activity in prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2004;3(9):855–7.PubMedCrossRef

131.

Wolkersdörfer GW, Marx C, Brown J, Schröder S, Füssel M, Rieber EP, Kuhlisch E, Ehninger G, Bornstein SR. Prevalence of HLA-DRB1 genotype and altered Fas/Fas ligand expression in adrenocortical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(3):1768–74. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-1406.PubMedCrossRef

132.

Szajerka A, Dziegiel P, Szajerka T, Zabel M, Winowski J, Grzebieniak Z. Immunohistochemical evaluation of metallothionein, Mcm-2 and Ki-67 antigen expression in tumors of the adrenal cortex. Anticancer Res. 2008;28(5B):2959–65.PubMed

133.

Berends MJ, Cats A, Hollema H, Karrenbeld A, Beentjes JA, Sijmons RH, Mensink RG, Hofstra RM, Verschueren RC, Kleibeuker JH. Adrenocortical adenocarcinoma in an MSH2 carrier: coincidence or causal relation? Hum Pathol. 2000;31(12):1522–7. https://doi.org/10.1053/hupa.2000.20409.PubMedCrossRef

134.

Jin B, Yao B, Li JL, Fields CR, Delmas AL, Liu C, Robertson KD. DNMT1 and DNMT3B modulate distinct polycomb-mediated histone modifications in colon cancer. Cancer Res. 2009;69(18):7412–21. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0116.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

135.

Kobierzycki C, Pula B, Skiba M, Jablonska K, Latkowski K, Zabel M, Nowak-Markwitz E, Spaczynski M, Kedzia W, Podhorska-Okolow M, et al. Comparison of minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCM-3, MCM-7) and metallothioneins (MT-I/II, MT-III) expression in relation to clinicopathological data in ovarian cancer. Anticancer Res. 2013;33(12):5375–83.PubMed

136.

Vigouroux C, Casse JM, Battaglia-Hsu SF, Brochin L, Luc A, Paris C, Lacomme S, Gueant JL, Vignaud JM, Gauchotte G. Methyl(R217)HuR and MCM6 are inversely correlated and are prognostic markers in non small cell lung carcinoma. Lung Cancer. 2015;89(2):189–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.05.008.PubMedCrossRef

137.

Li J, Ding Y, Li A. Identification of COL1A1 and COL1A2 as candidate prognostic factors in gastric cancer. World J Surg Oncol. 2016;14(1):297. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-016-1056-5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

138.

Yuan L, Shu B, Chen L, Qian K, Wang Y, Qian G, Zhu Y, Cao X, Xie C, Xiao Y, et al. Overexpression of COL3A1 confers a poor prognosis in human bladder cancer identified by co-expression analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(41):70508–20. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19733.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

139.

Moller-Levet CS, Betts GN, Harris AL, Homer JJ, West CM, Miller CJ. Exon array analysis of head and neck cancers identifies a hypoxia related splice variant of LAMA3 associated with a poor prognosis. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009;5(11):e1000571. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000571.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

140.

Lin Q, Lim HS, Lin HL, Tan HT, Lim TK, Cheong WK, Cheah PY, Tang CL, Chow PK, Chung MC. Analysis of colorectal cancer glyco-secretome identifies laminin β-1 (LAMB1) as a potential serological biomarker for colorectal cancer. Proteomics. 2015;15(22):3905–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201500236.PubMedCrossRef

141.

Wu Y, Berends MJ, Post JG, Mensink RG, Verlind E, Sluis T, Kempinga C, Sijmons RH, Zee AG, Hollema H, et al. Germline mutations of EXO1 gene in patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and atypical HNPCC forms. Gastroenterology. 2001;120(7):1580–7.PubMedCrossRef

142.

Valle L, Hernández-Illán E, Bellido F, Aiza G, Castillejo A, Castillejo MI, Navarro M, Seguí N, Vargas G, Guarinos C, et al. New insights into POLE and POLD1 germline mutations in familial colorectal cancer and polyposis. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23(13):3506–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddu058.PubMedCrossRef

143.

Li D, Li R, Zhang J, Li K, Wu Y. Association between the LIG1 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2015;73(2):381–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-015-0619-3.PubMedCrossRef

144.

Takahashi K, Satoh F, Sone M, Totsune K, Arihara Z, Noshiro T, Mouri T, Murakami O. Expression of adrenomedullin mRNA in adrenocortical tumors and secretion of adrenomedullin by cultured adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Peptides. 1998;19(10):1719–24.PubMedCrossRef

145.

Holwell TA, Schweitzer SC, Reyland ME, Evans RM. Vimentin-dependent utilization of LDL-cholesterol in human adrenal tumor cells is not associated with the level of expression of apoE, sterol carrier protein-2, or caveolin. J Lipid Res. 1999;40(8):1440–52.PubMed

146.

Kiiveri S, Siltanen S, Rahman N, Bielinska M, Lehto VP, Huhtaniemi IT, Muglia LJ, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M. Reciprocal changes in the expression of transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 accompany adrenocortical tumorigenesis in mice and humans. Mol Med. 1999;5(7):490–501.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

147.

Liu-Chittenden Y, Jain M, Gaskins K, Wang S, Merino MJ, Kotian S, Kumar Gara S, Davis S, Zhang L, Kebebew E. RARRES2 functions as a tumor suppressor by promoting β-catenin phosphorylation/degradation and inhibiting p38 phosphorylation in adrenocortical carcinoma. Oncogene. 2017;36(25):3541–52. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2016.497.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

148.

Ma T, Zhao Y, Wei K, Yao G, Pan C, Liu B, Xia Y, He Z, Qi X, Li Z, et al. MicroRNA-124 functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating CDH2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;38(4):1563–74. https://doi.org/10.1159/000443097.PubMedCrossRef

149.

Nasu T, Oku Y, Takifuji K, Hotta T, Yokoyama S, Matsuda K, Tamura K, Ieda J, Yamamoto N, Takemura S, et al. Predicting lymph node metastasis in early colorectal cancer using the CITED1 expression. J Surg Res. 2013;185(1):136–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.041.PubMedCrossRef

150.

Gupta S, Iljin K, Sara H, Mpindi JP, Mirtti T, Vainio P, Rantala J, Alanen K, Nees M, Kallioniemi O. FZD4 as a mediator of ERG oncogene-induced WNT signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2010;70(17):6735–45. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-0244.PubMedCrossRef

151.

Tang F, Zhang R, He Y, Zou M, Guo L, Xi T. MicroRNA-125b induces metastasis by targeting STARD13 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(5):e35435. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035435.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

152.

Li H, Chen X, Gao Y, Wu J, Zeng F, Song F. XBP1 induces snail expression to promote epithelial- to-mesenchymal transition and invasion of breast cancer cells. Cell Signal. 2015;27(1):82–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.018.PubMedCrossRef

153.

Abd Elmageed ZY, Moroz K, Kandil E. Clinical significance of CD146 and latexin during different stages of thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Biochem. 2013;381(1–2):95–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-013-1691-x.PubMedCrossRef

154.

Biktasova AK, Dudimah DF, Uzhachenko RV, Park K, Akhter A, Arasada RR, Evans JV, Novitskiy SV, Tchekneva EE, Carbone DP, et al. Multivalent forms of the Notch ligand DLL-1 enhance antitumor T-cell immunity in lung cancer and improve efficacy of EGFR-targeted therapy. Cancer Res. 2015;75(22):4728–41. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-1154.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

155.

Jones A, Teschendorff AE, Li Q, Hayward JD, Kannan A, Mould T, West J, Zikan M, Cibula D, Fiegl H, et al. Role of DNA methylation and epigenetic silencing of HAND2 in endometrial cancer development. PLoS Med. 2013;10(11):e1001551. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001551.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

156.

Okazaki S, Ishikawa T, Iida S, Ishiguro M, Kobayashi H, Higuchi T, Enomoto M, Mogushi K, Mizushima H, Tanaka H, et al. Clinical significance of UNC5B expression in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol. 2012;40(1):209–16. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2011.1201.PubMedCrossRef

157.

Cooper AB, Wu J, Lu D, Maluccio MA. Is autotaxin (ENPP2) the link between hepatitis C and hepatocellular cancer? J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11(12):1628–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-007-0322-9.PubMedCrossRef

158.

Falck E, Klinga-Levan K. Expression patterns of Phf5a/PHF5A and Gja1/GJA1 in rat and human endometrial cancer. Cancer Cell Int. 2013;13(1):43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2867-13-43.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

159.

Gao F, Zhang Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Zheng L, Yang J, Huang W, Ye Y, Luo W, Xiao D. Hes1 is involved in the self-renewal and tumourigenicity of stem-like cancer cells in colon cancer. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3963. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03963.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

160.

Logan M, Anderson PD, Saab ST, Hameed O, Abdulkadir SA. RAMP1 is a direct NKX3.1 target gene up-regulated in prostate cancer that promotes tumorigenesis. Am J Pathol. 2013;183(3):951–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.05.021.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

161.

Huffman DM, Grizzle WE, Bamman MM, Kim JS, Eltoum IA, Elgavish A, Nagy TR. SIRT1 is significantly elevated in mouse and human prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2007;67(14):6612–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-0085.PubMedCrossRef

162.

Fu L, Shi K, Wang J, Chen W, Shi D, Tian Y, Guo W, Yu W, Xiao X, Kang T, et al. TFAP2B overexpression contributes to tumor growth and a poor prognosis of human lung adenocarcinoma through modulation of ERK and VEGF/PEDF signaling. Mol Cancer. 2014;13:89. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-13-89.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

163.

Wang X, Liu Y, Shao D, Qian Z, Dong Z, Sun Y, Xing X, Cheng X, Du H, Hu Y, et al. Recurrent amplification of MYC and TNFRSF11B in 8q24 is associated with poor survival in patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer. 2016;19(1):116–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-015-0467-2.PubMedCrossRef

164.

Milan E, Lazzari C, Anand S, Floriani I, Torri V, Sorlini C, Gregorc V, Bachi A. SAA1 is over-expressed in plasma of non small cell lung cancer patients with poor outcome after treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. J Proteomics. 2012;76:91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2012.06.022.PubMedCrossRef

165.

Stasinopoulos IA, Mironchik Y, Raman A, Wildes F, Winnard P Jr, Raman V, et al. HOXA5-twist interaction alters p53 homeostasis in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(3):2294–9. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M411018200.PubMedCrossRef

166.

Ota T, Gilks CB, Longacre T, Leung PC, Auersperg N. HOXA7 in epithelial ovarian cancer: interrelationships between differentiation and clinical features. Reprod Sci. 2007;14(6):605–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719107307781.PubMedCrossRef

167.

Kusinska R, Górniak P, Pastorczak A, Fendler W, Potemski P, Mlynarski W, Kordek R. Influence of genomic variation in FTO at 16q12.2, MC4R at 18q22 and NRXN3 at 14q31 genes on breast cancer risk. Mol Biol Rep. 2012;39(3):2915–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-011-1053-2.PubMedCrossRef

168.

Sharifi N, Hurt EM, Kawasaki BT, Farrar WL. TGFBR3 loss and consequences in prostate cancer. Prostate. 2007;67(3):301–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.20526.PubMedCrossRef

169.

Olakowski M, Tyszkiewicz T, Jarzab M, Król R, Oczko-Wojciechowska M, Kowalska M, Kowal M, Gala GM, Kajor M, Lange D, et al. NBL1 and anillin (ANLN) genes over-expression in pancreatic carcinoma. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2009;47(2):249–55. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10042-009-0031-1.PubMedCrossRef

170.

Hayward DG, Clarke RB, Faragher AJ, Pillai MR, Hagan IM, Fry AM. The centrosomal kinase Nek2 displays elevated levels of protein expression in human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2004;64(20):7370–6. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0960.PubMedCrossRef

171.

Yoshida K, Sato M, Hase T, Elshazley M, Yamashita R, Usami N, Taniguchi T, Yokoi K, Nakamura S, Kondo M, et al. TIMELESS is overexpressed in lung cancer and its expression correlates with poor patient survival. Cancer Sci. 2013;104(2):171–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.12068.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

172.

Warner SL, Stephens BJ, Nwokenkwo S, Hostetter G, Sugeng A, Hidalgo M, Trent JM, Han H, Von Hoff DD. Validation of TPX2 as a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15(21):6519–28. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0077.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

173.

Maire V, Baldeyron C, Richardson M, Tesson B, Vincent-Salomon A, Gravier E, Marty-Prouvost B, De Koning L, Rigaill G, Dumont A, et al. TTK/hMPS1 is an attractive therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(5):e63712. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063712.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

174.

Jiao DC, Lu ZD, Qiao JH, Yan M, Cui SD, Liu ZZ. Expression of CDCA8 correlates closely with FOXM1 in breast cancer: public microarray data analysis and immunohistochemical study. Neoplasma. 2015;62(3):464–9. https://doi.org/10.4149/neo_2015_055.PubMedCrossRef

175.

Nagahara M, Nishida N, Iwatsuki M, Ishimaru S, Mimori K, Tanaka F, Nakagawa T, Sato T, Sugihara K, Hoon DS, et al. Kinesin 18A expression: clinical relevance to colorectal cancer progression. Int J Cancer. 2011;129(11):2543–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25916.PubMedCrossRef

176.

Nakamura Y, Tanaka F, Nagahara H, Ieta K, Haraguchi N, Mimori K, Sasaki A, Inoue H, Yanaga K, Mori M. Opa interacting protein 5 (OIP5) is a novel cancer-testis specific gene in gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(2):885–92. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-006-9121-x.PubMedCrossRef

177.

Chen J, Chen H, Yang H, Dai H. SPC25 upregulation increases cancer stem cell properties in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cells and independently predicts poor survival. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;100:233–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.015.PubMedCrossRef

178.

Yuan W, Xie S, Wang M, Pan S, Huang X, Xiong M, Xiao RJ, Xiong J, Zhang QP, Shao L. Bioinformatic analysis of prognostic value of ZW10 interacting protein in lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:1683–95. https://doi.org/10.2147/ott.s149012.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

179.

Lorenzi PL, Llamas J, Gunsior M, Ozbun L, Reinhold WC, Varma S, Ji H, Kim H, Hutchinson AA, Kohn EC, Goldsmith PK, et al. Asparagine synthetase is a predictive biomarker of l-asparaginase activity in ovarian cancer cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008;7(10):3123–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0589.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

180.

Park SA, Platt J, Lee JW, López-Giráldez F, Herbst RS, Koo JS. E2F8 as a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djv151.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

181.

Yang J, Bielenberg DR, Rodig SJ, Doiron R, Clifton MC, Kung AL, Strong RK, Zurakowski D, Moses MA. Lipocalin 2 promotes breast cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(10):3913–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810617106.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

182.

Hu F, Deng X, Yang X, Jin H, Gu D, Lv X, Wang C, Zhang Y, Huo X, Shen Q, et al. Hypoxia upregulates Rab11-family interacting protein 4 through HIF-1α to promote the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene. 2015;34(49):6007–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2015.49.PubMedCrossRef

183.

Wang C, Zheng X, Shen C, Shi Y. MicroRNA-203 suppresses cell proliferation and migration by targeting BIRC5 and LASP1 in human triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2012;31:58. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-9966-31-58.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

184.

Grabsch H, Takeno S, Parsons WJ, Pomjanski N, Boecking A, Gabbert HE, Mueller W. Overexpression of the mitotic checkpoint genes BUB1, BUBR1, and BUB3 in gastric cancer–association with tumour cell proliferation. J Pathol. 2003;200(1):16–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1324.PubMedCrossRef

185.

Ding K, Li W, Zou Z, Zou X, Wang C. CCNB1 is a prognostic biomarker for ER + breast cancer. Med Hypotheses. 2014;83(3):359–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2014.06.013.PubMedCrossRef

186.

Shi Q, Wang W, Jia Z, Chen P, Ma K, Zhou C. ISL1, a novel regulator of CCNB1, CCNB2 and c-MYC genes, promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Oncotarget. 2016;7(24):36489–500. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9269.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

187.

Shen Z, Yu X, Zheng Y, Lai X, Li J, Hong Y, Zhang H, Chen C, Su Z, Guo R. CDCA5 regulates proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma and has potential as a negative prognostic marker. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:891–901. https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S154754.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

188.

Li T, Xue H, Guo Y, Guo K. CDKN3 is an independent prognostic factor and promotes ovarian carcinoma cell proliferation in ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep. 2014;31(4):1825–31. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3045.PubMedCrossRef

189.

Ueda S, Kondoh N, Tsuda H, Yamamoto S, Asakawa H, Fukatsu K, Kobayashi T, Yamamoto J, Tamura K, Ishida J, et al. Expression of centromere protein F (CENP-F) associated with higher FDG uptake on PET/CT, detected by cDNA microarray, predicts high-risk patients with primary breast cancer. BMC Cancer. 2008;8:384. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-8-384.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

190.

Abdel-Fatah TMA, Agarwal D, Liu DX, Russell R, Rueda OM, Liu K, Xu B, Moseley PM, Green AR, Pockley AG, et al. SPAG5 as a prognostic biomarker and chemotherapy sensitivity predictor in breast cancer: a retrospective, integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and protein analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(7):1004–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)00174-1.PubMedCrossRef

191.

Sakamoto H, Friel AM, Wood AW, Guo L, Ilic A, Seiden MV, Chung DC, Lynch MP, Serikawa T, Munro E, et al. Mechanisms of Cables 1 gene inactivation in human ovarian cancer development. Cancer Biol Ther. 2008;7(2):180–8.PubMedCrossRef

192.

Wang W, Huper G, Guo Y, Murphy SK, Olson JA Jr, Marks JR. Analysis of methylation-sensitive transcriptome identifies GADD45a as a frequently methylated gene in breast cancer. Oncogene. 2005;24(16):2705–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208464.PubMedCrossRef

193.

Syed N, Coley HM, Sehouli J, Koensgen D, Mustea A, Szlosarek P, McNeish I, Blagden SP, Schmid P, Lovell DP, et al. Polo-like kinase Plk2 is an epigenetic determinant of chemosensitivity and clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. 2011;71(9):3317–27. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2048.PubMedCrossRef

194.

Lind GE, Kleivi K, Meling GI, Teixeira MR, Thiis-Evensen E, Rognum TO, Lothe RA. ADAMTS1, CRABP1, and NR3C1 identified as epigenetically deregulated genes in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell Oncol. 2006;28(5–6):259–72.PubMedPubMedCentral

195.

Kalmyrzaev B, Pharoah PD, Easton DF, Ponder BA, Dunning AM. Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2008;17(12):3618–20. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0216.CrossRef

196.

Lee SJ, Jeon HS, Jang JS, Park SH, Lee GY, Lee BH, Kim CH, Kang YM, Lee WK, Kam S, et al. DNMT3B polymorphisms and risk of primary lung cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2005;26(2):403–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgh307.PubMedCrossRef

197.

Cauchi S, Stücker I, Solas C, Laurent-Puig P, Cénée S, Hémon D, Jacquet M, Kremers P, Beaune P, Massaad-Massade L. Polymorphisms of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) gene in a French population: relationship with CYP1A1 inducibility and lung cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2001;22(11):1819–24.PubMedCrossRef

198.

Frank B, Hoeft B, Hoffmeister M, Linseisen J, Breitling LP, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H, Nieters A. Association of hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD) (HPGD) variants and colorectal cancer risk. Carcinogenesis. 2011;32(2):190–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgq231.PubMedCrossRef

199.

Samowitz WS, Wolff RK, Curtin K, Sweeney C, Ma KN, Andersen K, Levin TR, Slattery ML. Interactions between CYP2C9 and UGT1A6 polymorphisms and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in colorectal cancer prevention. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(7):894–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2006.04.021.PubMedCrossRef

200.

Percy MJ, Myrie KA, Neeley CK, Azim JN, Ethier SP, Petty EM. Expression and mutational analyses of the human MAD2L1 gene in breast cancer cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2000;29(4):356–62.PubMedCrossRef

201.

Hashizume R, Fukuda M, Maeda I, Nishikawa H, Oyake D, Yabuki Y, Ogata H, Ohta T. The RING heterodimer BRCA1-BARD1 is a ubiquitin ligase inactivated by a breast cancer-derived mutation. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(18):14537–40. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C000881200.PubMedCrossRef

202.

Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Zhang Y, Kar A, Razzaghi R, Xu M, Gowan K, Raeburn CD, Albuja-Cruz M, Jones KL, Somerset H, et al. Elucidating the role of the maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase in adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocrinology. 2018;159(7):2532–44. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00310.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

203.

Grolmusz VK, Karászi K, Micsik T, Tóth EA, Mészáros K, Karvaly G, Barna G, Szabó PM, Baghy K, Matkó J, et al. Cell cycle dependent RRM2 may serve as proliferation marker and pharmaceutical target in adrenocortical cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2016;6(9):2041–53.PubMedPubMedCentral

204.

El-Khairi R, Martinez-Aguayo A, Ferraz-de-Souza B, Lin L, Achermann JC. Role of DAX-1 (NR0B1) and steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1) in human adrenal function. Endocr Dev. 2011;20:38–46. https://doi.org/10.1159/000321213.PubMedCrossRef

205.

Jarmalaite S, Laurinaviciene A, Tverkuviene J, Kalinauskaite N, Petroska D, Böhling T, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K. Tumor suppressor gene ZAC/PLAGL1: altered expression and loss of the nonimprinted allele in pheochromocytomas. Cancer Genet. 2011;204(7):398–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cancergen.2011.07.002.PubMedCrossRef

206.

Lin M, Morrison CD, Jones S, Mohamed N, Bacher J, Plass C. Copy number gain and oncogenic activity of YWHAZ/14-3-3zeta in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2009;125(3):603–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24346.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

207.

Luo X, Yao J, Nie P, Yang Z, Feng H, Chen P, Shi X, Zou Z. FOXM1 promotes invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells partially dependent on HSPA5 transactivation. Oncotarget. 2016;7(18):26480–95. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.8419.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

208.

Chakraborty PK, Zhang Y, Coomes AS, Kim WJ, Stupay R, Lynch LD, Atkinson T, Kim JI, Nie Z, Daaka Y. G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK5 phosphorylates moesin and regulates metastasis in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2014;74(13):3489–500. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2708.PubMedCrossRef

209.

Zhang Z, Borecki I, Nguyen L, Ma D, Smith K, Huettner PC, Mutch DG, Herzog TJ, Gibb RK, Powell MA, et al. CD83 gene polymorphisms increase susceptibility to human invasive cervical cancer. Cancer Res. 2007;67(23):11202–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2677.PubMedCrossRef

210.

Rosette C, Roth RB, Oeth P, Braun A, Kammerer S, Ekblom J, Denissenko MF. Role of ICAM1 in invasion of human breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 2005;26(5):943–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgi070.PubMedCrossRef

211.

Gonzalez-Herrera A, Salgado-Bernabe M, Velazquez-Velazquez C, Salcedo-Vargas M, Andrade-Manzano A, Avila-Moreno F, Pina-Sanchez P. Increased expression of HOXB2 and HOXB13 proteins is associated with HPV infection and cervical cancer progression. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(4):1349–53.PubMedCrossRef

212.

Pressinotti NC, Klocker H, Schäfer G, Luu VD, Ruschhaupt M, Kuner R, Steiner E, Poustka A, Bartsch G, Sültmann H. Differential expression of apoptotic genes PDIA3 and MAP3K5 distinguishes between low- and high-risk prostate cancer. Mol Cancer. 2009;8:130. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-8-130.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

213.

Sasaki A, Yumita S, Kimura S, Miura Y, Yoshinaga K. Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, somatostatin, and peptide histidine methionine are present in adrenal pheochromocytomas, but not in extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;70(4):996–9. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-70-4-996.PubMedCrossRef

214.

Humphries B, Wang Z, Li Y, Jhan JR, Jiang Y, Yang C. ARHGAP18 downregulation by miR-200b suppresses metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by enhancing activation of RhoA. Cancer Res. 2017;77(15):4051–64. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-3141.PubMedCrossRef

215.

Chai SJ, Yap YY, Foo YC, Yap LF, Ponniah S, Teo SH, Cheong SC, Patel V, Lim KP. Identification of four-jointed box 1 (FJX1)-specific peptides for immunotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(11):e0130464. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130464.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

216.

Bae SY, Choi SK, Kim KR, Park CS, Lee SK, Roh HK, Shin DW, Pie JE, Woo ZH, Kang JH. Effects of genetic polymorphisms of MDR1, FMO3 and CYP1A2 on susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Koreans. Cancer Sci. 2006;97(8):774–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00241.x.PubMedCrossRef

217.

Ding YB, Chen GY, Xia JG, Zang XW, Yang HY, Yang L. Association of VCAM-1 overexpression with oncogenesis, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of gastric carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9(7):1409–14. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v9.i7.1409.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

218.

Yan DW, Li DW, Yang YX, Xia J, Wang XL, Zhou CZ, Fan JW, Wen YG, Sun HC, Wang Q, et al. Ubiquitin D is correlated with colon cancer progression and predicts recurrence for stage II-III disease after curative surgery. Br J Cancer. 2010;103(7):961–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605870.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

219.

Tsukishiro S, Suzumori N, Nishikawa H, Arakawa A, Suzumori K. Use of serum secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor levels in patients to improve specificity of ovarian cancer diagnosis. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;96(2):516–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.10.036.PubMedCrossRef

220.

Mullarky E, Mattaini KR, Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Locasale JW. PHGDH amplification and altered glucose metabolism in human melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2011;24(6):1112–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-148X.2011.00919.x.PubMedCrossRef

221.

Wegman P, Elingarami S, Carstensen J, Stål O, Nordenskjöld B, Wingren S. Genetic variants of CYP3A5, CYP2D6, SULT1A1, UGT2B15 and tamoxifen response in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9(1):R7. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr1640.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

222.

Shulby SA, Dolloff NG, Stearns ME, Meucci O, Fatatis A. CX3CR223-fractalkine expression regulates cellular mechanisms involved in adhesion, migration, and survival of human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2004;64(14):4693–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3437.PubMedCrossRef

223.

Yuan F, Zhang Y, Ma L, Cheng Q, Li G, Tong T. Enhanced NOLC1 promotes cell senescence and represses hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by disturbing the organization of nucleolus. Aging Cell. 2017;16(4):726–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12602.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

224.

Kleeff J, Ishiwata T, Friess H, Büchler MW, Israel MA, Korc M. The helix-loop-helix protein Id2 is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res. 1998;58(17):3769–72.PubMed

225.

Ko HL, Wang YS, Fong WL, Chi MS, Chi KH, Kao SJ. Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for lung cancer: a marker phase I trial. Thorac Cancer. 2014;5(6):500–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.12117.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

226.

Yang Z, Zhuang L, Szatmary P, Wen L, Sun H, Lu Y, Xu Q, Chen X. Upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPA12A, HSP90B1, HSPA4, HSPA5 and HSPA6) in tumour tissues is associated with poor outcomes from HBV-related early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Med Sci. 2015;12(3):256–63. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.10735.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

227.

Vedeld HM, Andresen K, Eilertsen IA, Nesbakken A, Seruca R, Gladhaug IP, Thiis-Evensen E, Rognum TO, Boberg KM, Lind GE. The novel colorectal cancer biomarkers CDO1, ZSCAN18 and ZNF331 are frequently methylated across gastrointestinal cancers. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(4):844–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29039.PubMedCrossRef

228.

Awadallah SM, Atoum MF. Haptoglobin polymorphism in breast cancer patients form Jordan. Clin Chim Acta. 2004;341(1–2):17–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccn.2003.10.032.PubMedCrossRef

229.

Szczyrba J, Nolte E, Hart M, Döll C, Wach S, Taubert H, Keck B, Kremmer E, Stöhr R, Hartmann A, et al. Identification of ZNF217, hnRNP-K, VEGF-A and IPO7 as targets for microRNAs that are downregulated in prostate carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2013;132(4):775–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27731.PubMedCrossRef

230.

Vasiljević N, Ahmad AS, Beesley C, Thorat MA, Fisher G, Berney DM, Møller H, Yu Y, Lu YJ, Cuzick J, et al. Association between DNA methylation of HSPB1 and death in low Gleason score prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2013;16(1):35–40. https://doi.org/10.1038/pcan.2012.47.PubMedCrossRef

231.

Unoki M, Daigo Y, Koinuma J, Tsuchiya E, Hamamoto R, Nakamura Y. UHRF1 is a novel diagnostic marker of lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 2010;103(2):217–22. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605717.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

232.

Chen JH, Liang YX, He HC, Chen JY, Lu JM, Chen G, Lin ZY, Fu X, Ling XH, Han ZD, et al. Overexpression of PDZ-binding kinase confers malignant phenotype in prostate cancer via the regulation of E2F1. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;81:615–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.048.PubMedCrossRef

233.

Alrfaei BM, Vemuganti R, Kuo JS. microRNA-100 targets SMRT/NCOR2, reduces proliferation, and improves survival in glioblastoma animal models. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(11):e80865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080865.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

234.

Morrison JA, Pike LA, Sams SB, Sharma V, Zhou Q, Severson JJ, Tan AC, Wood WM, Haugen BR. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is a novel tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer. Mol Cancer. 2014;13:62. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-13-62.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

235.

Ishida M, Sunamura M, Furukawa T, Lefter LP, Morita R, Akada M, Egawa S, Unno M, Horii A. The PMAIP1 gene on chromosome 18 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in human pancreatic cancer. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(9):2576–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-007-0154-1.PubMedCrossRef

236.

Maacke H, Opitz S, Jost K, Hamdorf W, Henning W, Krüger S, Feller AC, Lopens A, Diedrich K, Schwinger E, et al. Over-expression of wild-type Rad51 correlates with histological grading of invasive ductal breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2000;88(6):907–13.PubMedCrossRef

237.

Nadin SB, Cuello-Carrión FD, Sottile ML, Ciocca DR, Vargas-Roig LM. Effects of hyperthermia on Hsp27 (HSPB1), Hsp72 (HSPA1A) and DNA repair proteins hMLH1 and hMSH2 in human colorectal cancer hMLH1-deficient and hMLH1-proficient cell lines. Int J Hyperthermia. 2012;28(3):191–201. https://doi.org/10.3109/02656736.2011.638962.PubMedCrossRef

238.

Gao ZH, Suppola S, Liu J, Heikkilä P, Jänne J, Voutilainen R. Association of H19 promoter methylation with the expression of H19 and IGF-II genes in adrenocortical tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(3):1170–6. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.3.8331.PubMedCrossRef

239.

Pong WW, Walker J, Wylie T, Magrini V, Luo J, Emnett RJ, Choi J, Cooper ML, Griffith M, Griffith OL, et al. F11R is a novel monocyte prognostic biomarker for malignant glioma. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(10):e77571. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077571.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

240.

Rogers CD, Heijden MS, Brune K, Yeo CJ, Hruban RH, Kern SE, Goggins M. The genetics of FANCC and FANCG in familial pancreatic cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2004;3(2):167–9.PubMedCrossRef

241.

Moullan N, Cox DG, Angèle S, Romestaing P, Gérard JP, Hall J. Polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene XRCC1, breast cancer risk, and response to radiotherapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2003;12(11 Pt 1):1168–74.

Title: Identification of important invasion and proliferation related genes in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Ali Mohamed Alshabi
Basavaraj Vastrad
Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
Chanabasayya Vastrad
Publication date: 01-09-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Keyword: Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Published in: Medical Oncology / Issue 9/2019
Print ISSN: 1357-0560
Electronic ISSN: 1559-131X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-019-1296-7

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits

STEP AAG HeroTeaserCollection image/© Tarek / Generated with AI / Stock.adobe.com, ACC 2024 Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Valvular Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 HF and Cardiomyopathies: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, Woman out walking/© Seventyfour / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Woman checking smartwatch /© saltdium / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Cardiac catheterization/© Damian / stock.adobe.com

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 9/2019

MicroRNA expression profiling provides novel insights into immune-related pathways involved in gastric cancer

EMT-related protein expression in polyploid giant cancer cells and their daughter cells with different passages after triptolide treatment

Metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide plus low dose of corticosteroids in advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer across the era of taxanes and new hormonal drugs

Clinical and morphologic review of 60 hereditary renal tumors from 30 hereditary renal cell carcinoma syndrome patients: lessons from a contemporary single institution series

Programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) and PD-ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung cancer and the immune-suppressive effect of anaerobic glycolysis

Examination of clonal evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage