Top

Published in:

01-04-2015 | Original Article

Adipokines and biochemical changes in Egyptian obese subjects: possible variation with sex and degree of obesity

Authors: Sahar Mohamed El-Haggar, Tarek Mohamed Mostafa

Published in: Endocrine | Issue 3/2015

Abstract

The purpose of this study was firstly to evaluate the adipokines and biochemical changes in obese subjects in relation to different grades of obesity and in relation to gender difference (males versus females) and secondly to evaluate the role of TNF-α in obesity. From January 2013 to February 2014, a total number of 120 non-diabetic subjects of both sexes were recruited and randomly selected from Dr. Abd-Elhamid Elsheikh center for physiotherapy and weight control, El-menofia-Egypt. Those subjects were classified according to their sex into two main groups; the female group and the male group. The female group (60 women) was distributed according to BMI into group 1 (15 lean women), group 2 (15 class I obese women), group 3 (15 class II obese women), and group 4 (15 class III obese women). The male group (60 men) was also distributed according to the BMI into group 1 (15 lean men), group 2 (15 class I obese men), group 3 (15 class II obese men), and group 4 (15 class III obese men). All individuals enrolled in the study were submitted to weight and height measurements with subsequent calculation of body mass index. Fasting blood samples were collected from all participants for quantitative determination of blood glucose, serum lipid, TNF-α, leptin, and adiponectin levels. One-way analysis of variance followed by LSD post hoc test was used for comparison of variables. In obese subjects of both sexes, it was found that circulating leptin and TNF-α levels were significantly high (P < 0.05) and positively correlated to BMI. In contrast to leptin, adiponectin concentrations were significantly low (P < 0.05) and inversely correlated to BMI. Regarding gender difference, although serum leptin and adiponectin levels were higher in women than men, men showed higher atherogenic parameters. We conclude that leptin, TNF-α, and adiponectin were related to both BMI and grades of obesity. Furthermore, TNF-α may play a role in obesity.

E.E. Calle, M.J. THun, J.M. Petrelli, C. Rodriguez, C.W.JR Heath, Body mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 1097–1105 (1999)CrossRefPubMed

W. Yang, T. Kelly, J. He, Genetic epidemiology of obesity. Epidemiol. Rev. 29, 49–61 (2007)CrossRefPubMed

P. Trayhurn, N. Hoggard, J.D. Mercer, D.V. Rayner, Leptin: fundamental aspects. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 23, 22–28 (1999)CrossRefPubMed

R. Janeckova, (a), The role of leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol. Res. 50, 443–459 (2001)PubMed

R. Janeckova, (b), New findings on the role of leptons in regulation of the reproductive system in humans. Cesk. Fysiol. 50, 25–30 (2002)

N. Chu, D. Spiegelman, G. Hotamisligil, N. Rifai, M. Stampfer, E. Rimm, Plasma insulin, leptin and soluble TNF receptors levels in relation to obesity-related atherogenic and thrombogenic cardiovascular disease risk factors among men. Atherosclerosis 157, 495–503 (2001)CrossRefPubMed

N. Lahlou, T. Issa, Y. Leboue, J. Carel, L. Camoin, M. Roger, Leptin might play a role in diabetes. Diabetes 51, 1980–1985 (2002)CrossRefPubMed

L. Senolt, K. Pavelka, D. Housa, M. Haluzik, Increased adiponectin is negatively linked to the local inflammatory process in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokine 35, 247–252 (2006)CrossRefPubMed

D.C. Chan, G.F. Watts, T.W. Ng, Y. Uchida, N. Sakai, S. Yamashita, P.R. Barrett, Adiponectin and other adipocytokines as predictors of markers of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Clin. Chem. 51, 578–585 (2005)CrossRefPubMed

10.

O. Tschritter, A. Fritsche, C. Thamer, M. Haap, F. Shirkavand, S. Rahe, H. Staiger, E. Maerker, H. Haring, M. Stumvoll, Plasma adiponectin concentrations predict insulin sensitivity of both glucose and lipid metabolism. Diabetes 52, 239–243 (2003)CrossRefPubMed

11.

T. Tzanavari, P. Giannogonas, K.P. Karalis, TNF-alpha and obesity. Curr Dir Autoimmun. 11, 145–156 (2010)CrossRefPubMed

12.

G.S. Hotamisligil, N.S. Shargill, B.M. Spiegelman, Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha: a direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 259, 87–91 (1993)CrossRefPubMed

13.

P. Kern, M. Saghizadeh, J. Ong, R. Bosch, R. Deem, R. Simsolo, The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue: regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J. Clin. Invest. 95, 2111–2119 (1995)CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

14.

F. Mamaghani, N. Zaraghami, M.J. Maleki, M. Pourhassan-Moghaddam, F. Hosseinpanah, Variation of adiponectin level in normal and obese subjects: possible correlation with lipid profiles. Int. J. Endocrinol. Met. 3, 170–178 (2009)

15.

A.O.S. Bahathiq, Relationship of Leptin Hormones with Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Saudi Female Population of the Makkah Community. Open Obes. J. 2, 95–100 (2010)CrossRef

16.

M.Y. Al Maskari,A.A. Alnaqdy, Correlation between serum leptin levels, body mass index and obesity in omanis. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 6(2), 27–31 (2006)

17.

J. Kim, J. Ahn, Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers and Adipokines in Young Obese Women. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 157(2), 101–106 (2014)CrossRefPubMed

18.

M. Akbarpour, The effect of aerobic training on serum adiponectin and leptin levels and inflammatory markers of coronary heart disease in obese men. Biol Sport. 30(1), 21–27 (2013)CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

19.

C.E. Ruhl, J.E. Everhart, Leptin concentrations in the United States: relations with demographic and anthropometric measures. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 74, 295–301 (2001)PubMed

20.

R.N. Al-Harithy, Relationship of leptin concentration to gender, body mass index and age in Saudi adults. Saudi. Med. J. 25(8), 1086–1090 (2004)PubMed

21.

A.M. Isidori, F. Strollo, M. Morè, M. Caprio, A. Aversa, C. Moretti, G. Frajese, G. Riondino, A. Fabbri, Leptin and aging: correlation with endocrine changes in male and female healthy adult populations of different body weights. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85(5), 1954–1962 (2000)CrossRefPubMed

22.

X. Cassabiell, V. Pineiro, R. Peino, M. Lage, J. Camina, R. Gallego, L.G. Vallejo, C. Dieguez, F.F. Casanueva, Gender differences in both spontaneous and stimulated leptin secretion by human omental adipose tissue in vitro: dexamethasone and estradiol stimulate leptin release in women, but not in men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 2149–2155 (1998)

23.

M. Rosembaum, R. Leibel, Role of gonadal steroids in the sexual dimorphism in body composition and circulating concentration of leptin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 1784–1789 (1999)

24.

R. Vettor, G. De Pergola, C. Pagano, P. Englaro, E. Laudadio, F. G iorgino, W.F. Blum, R. Giorgino, G. Federspil, Gender differences in serum leptin in obese people. Relationships with testosterone, body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 27, 1016–1024 (1997)CrossRefPubMed

25.

V. Luukkaa, U. Pesonen, I. Huhtaniemi, A. Lehtonen, R. Tilvis, J. Tuomilehto, M. Koulu, R. Huupponen, Inverse correlation between serum testosterone and leptin in men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83(9), 3243–3246 (1998)PubMed

26.

B.S. Nayak, D. Ramsingh, S. Gooding, G. Legall, S. Bissram, A. Mohammed, A. Raychaudhuri, B. Sahadeo, V. Pandohie, K. Figaro, Plasma adiponectin levels are related to obesity, inflammation, blood lipids and insulin in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic Trinidadians. Prim. Care. Diabetes 4(3), 187–192 (2010)CrossRefPubMed

27.

W.S. Yang, W.J. Lee, T. Funahashi, S. Tanaka, Y. Matsuzawa, C.L. Chao, C.L. Chen, T.Y. Tai, L.M. Chuang, Plasma adiponectin levels in overweight and obese Asians. Obes. Res. 10, 1104–1110 (2002)CrossRefPubMed

28.

M. Côté, P. Mauriège, J. Bergeron, N. Alméras, A. Tremblay, I. Lemieux, J.P. Despres, Adiponectinemia in visceral obesity: impact on glucose tolerance and plasma lipoprotein and lipid levels in men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 1434–1439 (2005)CrossRefPubMed

29.

J. Smith, M. Al-Amri, A. Sniderman, K. Cianflone, Leptin and adiponectin in relation to body fat percentage, waisttohip ratio and the apoB/apoA1 ratio in Asian Indian and Caucasian men and women. Nutr Metab (Lond). 3, 18 (2006)

30.

E. Pa Kowska, M. Szalecki, Adiponectin as an adipose tissue hormone and its role in the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Endokrynol Diabetol Chor Przemiany Materii Wieku Rozw. 11, 187–190 (Polish) (2005)

31.

G. Mohammadzadeh, N. Zarghami, M. Bahrami, B. Larijhani, Serum levels of Adiponectin in non diabetic and diabeticobese individuals. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders 7, 177–187 (Persian) (2007)

32.

J. Hoffstedt, E. Arvidsson, E. Sjolin, K. Wahlen, P. Arner, Adipose tissue adiponectin production and adiponectin serum concentration in human obesity and insulin resistance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89, 1391–1396 (2004)CrossRefPubMed

33.

E. Hu, P. Liang, B.M. Spiegelman, AdipoQ is a novel adipose-specific gene dysregulated in obesity. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 10697–10703 (1996)CrossRefPubMed

34.

M. Luque-Ramı´rez, F. Alvarez-blasco, H.F. Escobar-Morreale, Antiandrogenic contraceptives increase serum adiponectin in obese polycystic ovary. Obesity 17, 3–9 (2009)

35.

S.T. Page, K.L. Herbst, J.K. Amory, A.D. Coviello, B.D. Anawalt, A.M. Matsumoto, W.J. Bremner, Testosterone administration suppresses adiponectin levels in men. J. Androl. 26, 85–92 (2005)PubMed

36.

A. Onat,G. Hergenç, D. Dursunoğlu, Z. Küçükdurmaz, S. Bulur, G. Can, Relatively high levels of serum adiponectin in obese women, a potential indicator of anti-inflammatory dysfunction: relation to sex hormone-binding globulin. Int J Biol Sci. 4(4), 208–214 (2008)

37.

G.S. Hotamisligil, B.M. Spiegelman, Tumor necrosis factor α: a key component of the obesity-diabetes link. Diabetes 43, 1271–1278 (1994)CrossRefPubMed

38.

F. Corica, A. Allegra, A. Corsonello, M. Buemi, G. Calapai, A. Ruello, V. Nicita, Mauro, D. Ceruso, Relationship between plasma leptin levels and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha system in obese subjects. Int. J. Obes. 23, 355–360 (1999)CrossRef

39.

N. F Chu, M.H. Shen, D.M. Wu, S.M.Shieh, Plasma TNF-R1 and insulin concentrations in relation to leptin levels among normal and overweight children. Clin. Biochem. 35, 287–292 (2002)

40.

T.G. Kirchgessner, K.T. Uysal, S.M. Wiesbrock, M.W. Marino, G.S. Hotamisligil, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha contributes to obesity-related hyperleptinemia by regulating leptin release from adipocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 2777–2782 (1997)CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

41.

P.A. Kern, G.B. Di Gregorio, T. Lu, N. Rassouli, G. Ranganathan, Adiponectin expression from human adipose tissue: relation to obesity, insulin resistance, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression. Diabetes 52(7), 1779–1785 (2003)CrossRefPubMed

42.

A. Alikaşifoğlu, N. Gönç, Z.A. Özön, Y. Sen, N. Kandemir, The relationship between serum adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin levels and insulin sensitivity in childhood and adolescent obesity: adiponectin is a marker of metabolic syndrome. J. Clin. Res. Pediatr Endocrinol. 1(5), 233–239 (2009)CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

43.

A. Pfeiffer, J. Janott, M. Möhlig, M. Ristow, H. Rochlitz, K. Busch, H. Schatz, E. Schifferdecker, Circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha is elevated in male but not in female patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Horm. Metab. Res. 29(3), 111–114 (1997)CrossRefPubMed

44.

E. Gualdi-Russo, L. Zaccagni, G.V. Dallari, S. Toselli, Anthropometric parameters in relation to glycaemic status and lipid profile in a multi-ethnic sample in Italy. Public Health Nutr. 24, 1–8 (2014)

45.

R. Baratta, S. Amato, C. Degano, M.G. Farina, G. Patane, R. Vigneri, L. Frittitta, Adiponectin relationship with lipid metabolism is independent of body fat mass: evidence from both cross-sectional and intervention studies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89, 2665–2671 (2004)CrossRefPubMed

46.

Y. Okamoto, Y. Arita, M. Nishida, M. Muraguchi, N. Ouchi, M. Takahashi, T. Igura, Y. Inui, S. Kihara, T. Nakamura, S. Yamashita, J. Miyagawa, T. Funahashi, Y. Matsuzawa, An adipocyte − derived plasma protein, adiponectin, adheres to injured vascular walls. Horm. Metab. Res. 32, 47–50 (2000)CrossRefPubMed

47.

Y. Fu, N. Luo, R.L. Klein, W.T. Garvey, Adiponectin promotes adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid accumulation. J. Lipid Res. 46, 1369–1379 (2005)CrossRefPubMed

48.

J.K. Sethi, G.S. Hotamisligil, The role of TNF alpha in adipocyte metabolism. Semin in Cell Dev Biol. 10(1), 19–29 (1999)CrossRef

49.

C. Qi, P.H. Pekala, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 223, 128–135 (2000)CrossRefPubMed

50.

J.S. Patton, H.M. Shepard, H. Wilking, G. Lewis, B.B. Aggarwal, T.E. Eessalu, L.A. Gavin, C. Grunfeld, Interferon and tumor necrosis factors have similar catabolic effects on 3T3-L1 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 8313–8317 (1986)CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Title: Adipokines and biochemical changes in Egyptian obese subjects: possible variation with sex and degree of obesity
Authors: Sahar Mohamed El-Haggar
Tarek Mohamed Mostafa
Publication date: 01-04-2015
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Endocrine / Issue 3/2015
Print ISSN: 1355-008X
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0100
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0390-z

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Adipokines and biochemical changes in Egyptian obese subjects: possible variation with sex and degree of obesity

Abstract

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2015

Changes in oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with changes in handgrip strength in Japanese community-dwelling persons

Langerhans cell histiocytosis and pituitary function

Clinical efficacy of radioiodine therapy in multinodular toxic goiter, applying an implemented dose calculation algorithm

Selenium: an element for life

Pancreatic stone protein/regenerating protein (PSP/reg): a novel secreted protein up-regulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus

How hybrid SPECT/CT systems changed imaging work-up in detecting parathyroid adenoma (PA)

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page