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BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Research article

The pro-apoptotic effect of a Terpene-rich Annona cherimola leaf extract on leukemic cell lines

Authors: Carl Ammoury, Maria Younes, Marianne El Khoury, Mohammad H. Hodroj, Tony Haykal, Peter Nasr, Marilyne Sily, Robin I. Taleb, Rita Sarkis, Rana Khalife, Sandra Rizk

Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

The edible fruit Annona cherimola has previously shown many nutritional and medicinal properties. The current study evaluates the anti-cancer and anti-proliferative properties of Annona cherimola ethanolic leaf extract (AELE) on Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cell lines cultured in vitro (Monomac-1 and KG-1).

Methods

The anti-proliferative effect of A. cherimola ethanolic leaf extract was evaluated via cell viability assay. Its pro-apoptotic effect was assessed through Cell Death ELISA and dual Annexin V/PI staining. To further investigate the molecular mechanism by which the extract promoted apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of the AML cells used, apoptotic protein expression was determined through western blots. Extract composition was elucidated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results

Our results showed that the treatment with A. cherimola ethanolic leaf extract exhibited an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of both cancer cell lines used in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with no toxic effects on normal mononuclear cells (MNCs) isolated from human bone marrow. This effect was mediated by DNA fragmentation and apoptosis, as revealed by Cell Death ELISA and dual Annexin V/PI staining. Western blot analysis revealed a Bax/Bcl2 dependent mechanism of apoptosis, as well as PARP cleavage, confirming the apoptotic results observed previously. These effects may be attributed to the presence of terpenes which constitute a large component of the leafy extract, as revealed via GC-MS.

Conclusion

All the data presented in our study show that the terpene-rich A. cherimola ethanolic leaf extract exhibits an anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect on the AML cell lines used.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
The pro-apoptotic effect of a Terpene-rich Annona cherimola leaf extract on leukemic cell lines
Authors
Carl Ammoury
Maria Younes
Marianne El Khoury
Mohammad H. Hodroj
Tony Haykal
Peter Nasr
Marilyne Sily
Robin I. Taleb
Rita Sarkis
Rana Khalife
Sandra Rizk
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 2662-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2768-1

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