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30-04-2024 | Acute Kidney Injury | Original Article

Furosemide stress test to predict acute kidney injury progression in critically ill children

Authors: Sudarsan Krishnasamy, Aditi Sinha, Rakesh Lodha, Jhuma Sankar, Mohamad Tarik, Lakshmy Ramakrishnan, Arvind Bagga, Pankaj Hari

Published in: Pediatric Nephrology

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Abstract

Background

Furosemide stress test (FST) is a novel functional biomarker for predicting severe acute kidney injury (AKI); however, pediatric studies are limited.

Methods

Children 3 months to 18 years of age admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital from Nov 2019 to July 2021 were screened and those who developed AKI stage 1 or 2 within 7 days of admission underwent FST (intravenous furosemide 1 mg/kg). Urine output was measured hourly for the next 6 h; a value > 2 ml/kg within the first 2 h was deemed furosemide responsive. Other biomarkers like plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and proenkephalin (PENK) were also evaluated.

Results

Of the 480 admitted patients, 51 developed AKI stage 1 or 2 within 7 days of admission and underwent FST. Nine of these patients were furosemide non-responsive. Thirteen (25.5%) patients (eight of nine from FST non-responsive group) developed stage 3 AKI within 7 days of FST, nine (17.6%) of whom (seven from non-responsive group) required kidney support therapy (KST). FST emerged as a good biomarker for predicting stage 3 AKI and need for KST with area-under-the-curve (AUC) being 0.93 ± 0.05 (95% CI 0.84–1.0) and 0.96 ± 0.03 (95% CI 0.9–1.0), respectively. FST outperformed NGAL and PENK in predicting AKI stage 3 and KST; however, the combination did not improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions

Furosemide stress test is a simple, inexpensive, and robust biomarker for predicting stage 3 AKI and KST need in critically ill children. Further research is required to identify the best FST cut-off in children.

Graphical abstract

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Metadata
Title
Furosemide stress test to predict acute kidney injury progression in critically ill children
Authors
Sudarsan Krishnasamy
Aditi Sinha
Rakesh Lodha
Jhuma Sankar
Mohamad Tarik
Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
Arvind Bagga
Pankaj Hari
Publication date
30-04-2024
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Nephrology
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-024-06387-5