Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Clinical Immunology 6/2011

01-12-2011

Acute Exposure to 50-Hz Magnetic Fields Increases Interleukin-6 in Young Healthy Men

Authors: Brahim Selmaoui, Jacques Lambrozo, Linda Sackett-Lundeen, Erhard Haus, Yvan Touitou

Published in: Journal of Clinical Immunology | Issue 6/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Some epidemiologic studies have suggested that extremely low frequency magnetic fields might affect human health and, in particular, that the incidence of certain types of cancer might increase among individuals living or working in environments exposed to such fields. This study is part of a broad study we conducted in humans. The study presented here was designed to look for possible effects of acute exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields (10 μT) on the interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) production. Thirty-two young men (20–30 years old) were divided into two groups (sham-exposed or control group and exposed group) of 16 subjects each. All subjects participated in two 24-h experiments to evaluate the effects of both continuous and intermittent (1 h “off” and 1 h “on” with the field switched “on” and “off” every 15 s) exposure to linearly polarized magnetic fields. The subjects were exposed to the magnetic field from 2300 to 0800 while recumbent. Blood samples were collected during each session at 11:00, 17:00, 22:00, 01:00, 04:00, 06:00, and 08:00. Results showed that exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields (10 μT) significantly increases IL-6 when subjects were exposed to an intermittent magnetic field. However, no effect has been observed on interleukin IL-1β, IL-2, IL-1RA, and IL-2R.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Wertheimer N, Leeper E. Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1979;109(3):273–84.PubMed Wertheimer N, Leeper E. Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1979;109(3):273–84.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Demers PA, Thomas DB, Rosenblatt KA, Jimenez LM, McTiernan A, Stalsberg H, et al. Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and breast cancer in men. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;134(4):340–7.PubMed Demers PA, Thomas DB, Rosenblatt KA, Jimenez LM, McTiernan A, Stalsberg H, et al. Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and breast cancer in men. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;134(4):340–7.PubMed
3.
go back to reference Olsen JH, Nielsen A, Schulgen G. Residence near high voltage facilities and risk of cancer in children. BMJ. 1993;307(6909):891–5.PubMedCrossRef Olsen JH, Nielsen A, Schulgen G. Residence near high voltage facilities and risk of cancer in children. BMJ. 1993;307(6909):891–5.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Savitz DA, Loomis DP. Magnetic field exposure in relation to leukemia and brain cancer mortality among electric utility workers. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;141(2):123–34. Erratum in: Am J Epidemiol. 1996. 144(2): 205.PubMed Savitz DA, Loomis DP. Magnetic field exposure in relation to leukemia and brain cancer mortality among electric utility workers. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;141(2):123–34. Erratum in: Am J Epidemiol. 1996. 144(2): 205.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Kheifets LI, Afifi AA, Buffler PA, Zhang ZW. Occupational electric and magnetic field exposure and brain cancer: a meta-analysis. J Occup Environ Med. 1995;37(12):1327–41.PubMedCrossRef Kheifets LI, Afifi AA, Buffler PA, Zhang ZW. Occupational electric and magnetic field exposure and brain cancer: a meta-analysis. J Occup Environ Med. 1995;37(12):1327–41.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Fear NT, Simpson J, Roman E, United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study Investigators. Childhood cancer and social contact: the role of paternal occupation (United Kingdom). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16(9):1091–7.PubMedCrossRef Fear NT, Simpson J, Roman E, United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study Investigators. Childhood cancer and social contact: the role of paternal occupation (United Kingdom). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16(9):1091–7.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Miller AB, To T, Agnew DA, Wall C, Green LM. Leukemia following occupational exposure to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields among Ontario electric utility workers. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144(2):150–60.PubMed Miller AB, To T, Agnew DA, Wall C, Green LM. Leukemia following occupational exposure to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields among Ontario electric utility workers. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144(2):150–60.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Coogan PF, Clapp RW, Newcomb PA, Wenzl TB, Bogdan G, Mittendorf R, et al. Occupational exposure to 60-Hertz magnetic fields and risk of breast cancer in women. Epidemiology. 1996;7(5):459–64.PubMedCrossRef Coogan PF, Clapp RW, Newcomb PA, Wenzl TB, Bogdan G, Mittendorf R, et al. Occupational exposure to 60-Hertz magnetic fields and risk of breast cancer in women. Epidemiology. 1996;7(5):459–64.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Thériault G, Li CY. Risks of leukaemia among residents close to high voltage transmission electric lines. Occup Environ Med. 1997;54(9):625–8.PubMedCrossRef Thériault G, Li CY. Risks of leukaemia among residents close to high voltage transmission electric lines. Occup Environ Med. 1997;54(9):625–8.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference McBride ML, Gallagher RP, Theriault G, Armstrong BG, Tamaro S, Spinelli JJ, et al. Power-frequency electric and magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia in Canada. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149:831–42.PubMed McBride ML, Gallagher RP, Theriault G, Armstrong BG, Tamaro S, Spinelli JJ, et al. Power-frequency electric and magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia in Canada. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149:831–42.PubMed
11.
go back to reference IARC: Non-ionizing radiation, PART 1: static and extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic field. Vol. 80, IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2002. IARC: Non-ionizing radiation, PART 1: static and extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic field. Vol. 80, IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2002.
12.
go back to reference McLean JR, Stuchly MA, Mitchel RE, Wilkinson D, Yang H, Goddard M, et al. Cancer promotion in a mouse-skin model by a 60-Hz magnetic field: II. Tumor development and immune response. Bioelectromagnetics. 1991;12(5):273–87.PubMedCrossRef McLean JR, Stuchly MA, Mitchel RE, Wilkinson D, Yang H, Goddard M, et al. Cancer promotion in a mouse-skin model by a 60-Hz magnetic field: II. Tumor development and immune response. Bioelectromagnetics. 1991;12(5):273–87.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Tremblay L, Houde M, Mercier G, Gagnon J, Mandeville R. Differential modulation of natural and adaptive immunity in Fischer rats exposed for 6 weeks to 60 Hz linear sinusoidal continuous-wave magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 1996;17:373–83.PubMedCrossRef Tremblay L, Houde M, Mercier G, Gagnon J, Mandeville R. Differential modulation of natural and adaptive immunity in Fischer rats exposed for 6 weeks to 60 Hz linear sinusoidal continuous-wave magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 1996;17:373–83.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference House RV, Ratajczak HV, Gauger JR, Johnson TR, Thomas PT, McCormick DL. Immune function and host defense in rodents exposed to 60-Hz magnetic fields. Fund Appl Toxicol. 1996;34:228–39.CrossRef House RV, Ratajczak HV, Gauger JR, Johnson TR, Thomas PT, McCormick DL. Immune function and host defense in rodents exposed to 60-Hz magnetic fields. Fund Appl Toxicol. 1996;34:228–39.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference House RV, McCormick DL. Modulation of natural killer cell function after exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields: confirmation of the effect in mature B6C3F1 mice. Radiat Res. 2000;153:722–4.PubMedCrossRef House RV, McCormick DL. Modulation of natural killer cell function after exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields: confirmation of the effect in mature B6C3F1 mice. Radiat Res. 2000;153:722–4.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Bonhomme-Faivre L, Marion S, Forestier F, Santini R, Auclair H. Effects of electromagnetic fields on the immune systems of occupationally exposed humans and mice. Arch Environ Health. 2003;58:712–7.PubMedCrossRef Bonhomme-Faivre L, Marion S, Forestier F, Santini R, Auclair H. Effects of electromagnetic fields on the immune systems of occupationally exposed humans and mice. Arch Environ Health. 2003;58:712–7.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Gobba F, Bargellini A, Scaringi M, Bravo G, Borella P. Extremely low frequency-magnetic fields (ELF-EMF) occupational exposure and natural killer activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Sci Total Environ. 2009;407(3):1218–23.PubMedCrossRef Gobba F, Bargellini A, Scaringi M, Bravo G, Borella P. Extremely low frequency-magnetic fields (ELF-EMF) occupational exposure and natural killer activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Sci Total Environ. 2009;407(3):1218–23.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Ramoni C, Dupuis ML, Vecchia P, Polichetti A, Petrini C, Bersani F, et al. Human natural killer cytotoxic activity is not affected by in vitro exposure to 50-Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol. 1995;68:693–705.PubMedCrossRef Ramoni C, Dupuis ML, Vecchia P, Polichetti A, Petrini C, Bersani F, et al. Human natural killer cytotoxic activity is not affected by in vitro exposure to 50-Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol. 1995;68:693–705.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Selmaoui B, Bogdan A, Auzeby A, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y. Acute exposure to 50-Hz magnetic field does not affect haematological and immune functions in young healthy men. A circadian study. Bioelectromagnetics. 1996;17:364–72.PubMedCrossRef Selmaoui B, Bogdan A, Auzeby A, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y. Acute exposure to 50-Hz magnetic field does not affect haematological and immune functions in young healthy men. A circadian study. Bioelectromagnetics. 1996;17:364–72.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Thun-Battersby S, Westermann J, Loscher W. Lymphocyte subset analyses in blood, spleen and lymph nodes of female Sprague–Dawley rats after short or prolonged exposure to a 50 Hz 100 microT magnetic field. Radiat Res. 1999;152:436–43.PubMedCrossRef Thun-Battersby S, Westermann J, Loscher W. Lymphocyte subset analyses in blood, spleen and lymph nodes of female Sprague–Dawley rats after short or prolonged exposure to a 50 Hz 100 microT magnetic field. Radiat Res. 1999;152:436–43.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Graham C, Sastre A, Cook MR, Gerkovich MM. All-night exposure to EMF does not alter urinary melatonin, 6-OHMS or immune measures in older men and women. J Pineal Res. 2001;31(2):109–13.PubMedCrossRef Graham C, Sastre A, Cook MR, Gerkovich MM. All-night exposure to EMF does not alter urinary melatonin, 6-OHMS or immune measures in older men and women. J Pineal Res. 2001;31(2):109–13.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Ikeda K, Shinmura Y, Mizoe H, Yoshizawa H, Yoshida A, Kanao S, et al. No effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields found on cytotoxic activities and cytokine production of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics. 2003;24(1):21–31.PubMedCrossRef Ikeda K, Shinmura Y, Mizoe H, Yoshizawa H, Yoshida A, Kanao S, et al. No effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields found on cytotoxic activities and cytokine production of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics. 2003;24(1):21–31.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Cossarizza A, Angioni S, Petraglia F, Genezzani AR, Monti D, Capri M, et al. Exposure to low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields increases interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Exp Cell Res. 1993;204(2):385–7.PubMedCrossRef Cossarizza A, Angioni S, Petraglia F, Genezzani AR, Monti D, Capri M, et al. Exposure to low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields increases interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Exp Cell Res. 1993;204(2):385–7.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Petrini C, Dupuis ML, Polichetti A, Ramoni C, Vecchia P. Tumor necrosis factor a and interferon g production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed in vitro to sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic fields. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg. 1997;44:121–5.CrossRef Petrini C, Dupuis ML, Polichetti A, Ramoni C, Vecchia P. Tumor necrosis factor a and interferon g production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed in vitro to sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic fields. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg. 1997;44:121–5.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Jonai H, Villanueva MB, Yasuda A. Cytokine profile of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to 50 Hz EMF. Ind Health. 1996;34:359–68.PubMedCrossRef Jonai H, Villanueva MB, Yasuda A. Cytokine profile of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to 50 Hz EMF. Ind Health. 1996;34:359–68.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Selmaoui B, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y. Magnetic fields and pineal function in human: evaluation of nocturnal acute exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields on serum melatonin and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin circadian rhythms. Life Sci. 1996;58:1539–49.PubMedCrossRef Selmaoui B, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y. Magnetic fields and pineal function in human: evaluation of nocturnal acute exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields on serum melatonin and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin circadian rhythms. Life Sci. 1996;58:1539–49.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Greenland S, Sheppard AR, Kaune WT, Poole C, Kelsh MA. A pooled analysis of magnetic fields, wire codes, and childhood leukemia. Childhood Leukemia-EMF Study Group. Epidemiology. 2000;11(6):624–34.PubMedCrossRef Greenland S, Sheppard AR, Kaune WT, Poole C, Kelsh MA. A pooled analysis of magnetic fields, wire codes, and childhood leukemia. Childhood Leukemia-EMF Study Group. Epidemiology. 2000;11(6):624–34.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Ahlbom A, Day N, Feychting M, Roman E, Skinner J, Dockerty J, et al. A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer. 2000;83(5):692–8.PubMedCrossRef Ahlbom A, Day N, Feychting M, Roman E, Skinner J, Dockerty J, et al. A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer. 2000;83(5):692–8.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Swanson J, Kheifets L. Biophysical mechanisms: a component in the weight of evidence for health effects of power-frequency electric and magnetic fields. Radiat Res. 2006;165:470–8.PubMedCrossRef Swanson J, Kheifets L. Biophysical mechanisms: a component in the weight of evidence for health effects of power-frequency electric and magnetic fields. Radiat Res. 2006;165:470–8.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Perry MG, Kirwan JR, Jessop DS, Hunt LP. Overnight variations in cortisol, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and other cytokines in people rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(1):63–8.PubMedCrossRef Perry MG, Kirwan JR, Jessop DS, Hunt LP. Overnight variations in cortisol, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and other cytokines in people rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(1):63–8.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Jawa RS, Anillo S, Huntoon K, Baumann H, Kulaylat M. Analytic review: interleukin-6 in surgery, trauma, and critical care: part I: basic science. J Intensive Care Med. 2011;26(1):3–12.PubMedCrossRef Jawa RS, Anillo S, Huntoon K, Baumann H, Kulaylat M. Analytic review: interleukin-6 in surgery, trauma, and critical care: part I: basic science. J Intensive Care Med. 2011;26(1):3–12.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Mastorakus G, Ilias I. Interleukin-6: a cytokine and/or a major modulator of the response to somatic stress. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2006;1088:373–81.CrossRef Mastorakus G, Ilias I. Interleukin-6: a cytokine and/or a major modulator of the response to somatic stress. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2006;1088:373–81.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Spooren A, Kolmus K, Laureys G, Clinckers R, De Keyser J, Haegeman G, et al. Interleukin-6, a mental cytokine. Brain Res Rev. 2011;67(1–2):157–83.PubMedCrossRef Spooren A, Kolmus K, Laureys G, Clinckers R, De Keyser J, Haegeman G, et al. Interleukin-6, a mental cytokine. Brain Res Rev. 2011;67(1–2):157–83.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Kristiansen OP, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Interleukin-6 and diabetes: the good, the bad, or the indifferent? Diabetes. 2005;54 Suppl 2:S114–24.PubMedCrossRef Kristiansen OP, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Interleukin-6 and diabetes: the good, the bad, or the indifferent? Diabetes. 2005;54 Suppl 2:S114–24.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Dubiński A, Zdrojewicz Z. [The role of interleukin-6 in development and progression of atherosclerosis] (in Polish). Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2007;22(130):291–4.PubMed Dubiński A, Zdrojewicz Z. [The role of interleukin-6 in development and progression of atherosclerosis] (in Polish). Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2007;22(130):291–4.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Liu H, Sham L, Reim EK, et al. A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;67(5):445–57.CrossRef Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Liu H, Sham L, Reim EK, et al. A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;67(5):445–57.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Tackey E, Lipsky PE, Illei GG. Rationale for interleukin-6 blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2004;13(5):339–43.PubMedCrossRef Tackey E, Lipsky PE, Illei GG. Rationale for interleukin-6 blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2004;13(5):339–43.PubMedCrossRef
38.
39.
go back to reference Patel AM, Moreland LW. Interleukin-6 inhibition for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a review of tocilizumab therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2010;4:263–78.PubMed Patel AM, Moreland LW. Interleukin-6 inhibition for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a review of tocilizumab therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2010;4:263–78.PubMed
40.
go back to reference Smith PC, Hobisch A, Lin DL, Culig Z, Keller ET. Interleukin-6 and prostate cancer progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2001;12(1):33–40.PubMedCrossRef Smith PC, Hobisch A, Lin DL, Culig Z, Keller ET. Interleukin-6 and prostate cancer progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2001;12(1):33–40.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer patients typically have increased interleukin-6 levels. Am Soc Clin Oncol 2006 Annual Meeting. Abstracts 8632 and 8633, 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer patients typically have increased interleukin-6 levels. Am Soc Clin Oncol 2006 Annual Meeting. Abstracts 8632 and 8633, 2006
42.
go back to reference Berger FG. The interleukin-6 gene: a susceptibility factor that may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer mortality. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;88(3):281–5.CrossRef Berger FG. The interleukin-6 gene: a susceptibility factor that may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer mortality. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;88(3):281–5.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Barton BE. Interleukin-6 and new strategies for the treatment of cancer, hyperproliferative diseases and paraneoplastic syndromes. Expert Opin Ther Target. 2005;9(4):737–52.CrossRef Barton BE. Interleukin-6 and new strategies for the treatment of cancer, hyperproliferative diseases and paraneoplastic syndromes. Expert Opin Ther Target. 2005;9(4):737–52.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Rose-John S, Waetzig GH, Scheller J, Grötzinger J, Seegert D. The IL-6/sIL-6R complex as a novel target for therapeutic approaches. Expert Opin Ther Target. 2007;11(5):613–24.CrossRef Rose-John S, Waetzig GH, Scheller J, Grötzinger J, Seegert D. The IL-6/sIL-6R complex as a novel target for therapeutic approaches. Expert Opin Ther Target. 2007;11(5):613–24.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Scheller J, Rose-John S. Interleukin-6 and its receptor: from bench to bedside. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2006;195(4):173–83.PubMedCrossRef Scheller J, Rose-John S. Interleukin-6 and its receptor: from bench to bedside. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2006;195(4):173–83.PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Barillé S, Bataille R, Amiot M. The role of interleukin-6 and interleukin-6/interleukin-6 receptor-alpha complex in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2000;11(4):546–51.PubMed Barillé S, Bataille R, Amiot M. The role of interleukin-6 and interleukin-6/interleukin-6 receptor-alpha complex in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2000;11(4):546–51.PubMed
47.
go back to reference Salerno S, Lo Casto A, Caccamo N, d'Anna C, de Maria M, Lagalla R, et al. Static magnetic fields generated by a 0.5 T MRI unit affects in vitro expression of activation markers and interleukin release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Int J Radiat Biol. 1999;75(4):457–63.PubMedCrossRef Salerno S, Lo Casto A, Caccamo N, d'Anna C, de Maria M, Lagalla R, et al. Static magnetic fields generated by a 0.5 T MRI unit affects in vitro expression of activation markers and interleukin release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Int J Radiat Biol. 1999;75(4):457–63.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Pessina GP, Aldinucci C. Pulsed electromagnetic fields enhance the induction of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells challenged with phytohemagglutinin. Bioelectromagnetics. 1998;19(8):445–51.PubMedCrossRef Pessina GP, Aldinucci C. Pulsed electromagnetic fields enhance the induction of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells challenged with phytohemagglutinin. Bioelectromagnetics. 1998;19(8):445–51.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Kleijn SD, Bouwens M, Verburg-van Kemenade BM, Cuppen JJ, Ferwerda G, Hermans PW. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure does not modulate toll-like receptor signaling in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cytokine. 2011;54(1):43–50. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2010.12.016.PubMedCrossRef Kleijn SD, Bouwens M, Verburg-van Kemenade BM, Cuppen JJ, Ferwerda G, Hermans PW. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure does not modulate toll-like receptor signaling in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cytokine. 2011;54(1):43–50. doi:10.​1016/​j.​cyto.​2010.​12.​016.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Hefeneider SH, McCoy SL, Hausman FA, Christensen HL, Takahashi D, Perrin N, et al. Long-term effects of 60-Hz electric vs. magnetic fields on IL-1 and IL-2 activity in sheep. Bioelectromagnetics. 2001;22(3):170–7.PubMedCrossRef Hefeneider SH, McCoy SL, Hausman FA, Christensen HL, Takahashi D, Perrin N, et al. Long-term effects of 60-Hz electric vs. magnetic fields on IL-1 and IL-2 activity in sheep. Bioelectromagnetics. 2001;22(3):170–7.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Hefeneider SH. Joint HVAC transmission EMF environmental study: final report on experiment 3. Portland: Bonneville Power Administration; 1994. Hefeneider SH. Joint HVAC transmission EMF environmental study: final report on experiment 3. Portland: Bonneville Power Administration; 1994.
52.
go back to reference Di Loreto S, Falone S, Caracciolo V, Sebastiani P, D'Alessandro A, Mirabilio A, et al. Fifty hertz extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure elicits redox and trophic response in rat-cortical neurons. J Cell Physiol. 2009;219(2):334–43.PubMedCrossRef Di Loreto S, Falone S, Caracciolo V, Sebastiani P, D'Alessandro A, Mirabilio A, et al. Fifty hertz extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure elicits redox and trophic response in rat-cortical neurons. J Cell Physiol. 2009;219(2):334–43.PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Frahm J, Lantow M, Lupke M, Weiss DG, Simkó M. Alteration in cellular functions in mouse macrophages after exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields. J Cell Biochem. 2006;99(1):168–77.PubMedCrossRef Frahm J, Lantow M, Lupke M, Weiss DG, Simkó M. Alteration in cellular functions in mouse macrophages after exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields. J Cell Biochem. 2006;99(1):168–77.PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Zhou J, Li C, Yao G, Chiang H, Chang Z. Gene expression of cytokine receptors in HL60 cells exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics. 2002;23(5):339–46.PubMedCrossRef Zhou J, Li C, Yao G, Chiang H, Chang Z. Gene expression of cytokine receptors in HL60 cells exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics. 2002;23(5):339–46.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Selmaoui B, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y. Endocrine functions in humans exposed to 50-Hz magnetic field. A circadian study of pituitary, thyroid and adrenal hormones. Life Sci. 1997;61:473–86.PubMedCrossRef Selmaoui B, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y. Endocrine functions in humans exposed to 50-Hz magnetic field. A circadian study of pituitary, thyroid and adrenal hormones. Life Sci. 1997;61:473–86.PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Selmaoui B, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y. Assessment of nocturnal exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields on the human circadian system. A comprehensive study of biochemical variables. Chronobiol Int. 1999;16(6):789–781.CrossRef Selmaoui B, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y. Assessment of nocturnal exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields on the human circadian system. A comprehensive study of biochemical variables. Chronobiol Int. 1999;16(6):789–781.CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Selmaoui B, Aymard N, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y. Evaluation of the nocturnal levels of urinary biogenic amines in men exposed overnight to magnetic field. Life Sci. 2003;73(24):3073–82.PubMedCrossRef Selmaoui B, Aymard N, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y. Evaluation of the nocturnal levels of urinary biogenic amines in men exposed overnight to magnetic field. Life Sci. 2003;73(24):3073–82.PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Touitou Y, Lambrozo J, Camus F, Charbuy H. Magnetic fields and the melatonin hypothesis: a study of workers chronically exposed to 50-Hz magnetic fields. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003;284(6):R1529–35.PubMed Touitou Y, Lambrozo J, Camus F, Charbuy H. Magnetic fields and the melatonin hypothesis: a study of workers chronically exposed to 50-Hz magnetic fields. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003;284(6):R1529–35.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Acute Exposure to 50-Hz Magnetic Fields Increases Interleukin-6 in Young Healthy Men
Authors
Brahim Selmaoui
Jacques Lambrozo
Linda Sackett-Lundeen
Erhard Haus
Yvan Touitou
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Clinical Immunology / Issue 6/2011
Print ISSN: 0271-9142
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2592
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-011-9558-y

Other articles of this Issue 6/2011

Journal of Clinical Immunology 6/2011 Go to the issue