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Respiratory Research
Published in: Respiratory Research 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Acarbose | Research

Acarbose reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory tract infection in type 2 diabetic mice

Authors: Lin Liu, Haiyang Fan, Liang Li, Yunping Fan

Published in: Respiratory Research | Issue 1/2023

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Abstract

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is widely prevalent worldwide, and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) have become the primary cause of death for T2DM patients who develop concurrent infections. Among these, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection has been found to exhibit a high mortality rate and poor prognosis and is frequently observed in bacterial infections that are concurrent with COVID-19. Studies have suggested that acarbose can be used to treat T2DM and reduce inflammation. Our objective was to explore the effect of acarbose on P. aeruginosa RTI in T2DM individuals and elucidate its underlying mechanism.

Methods

High-fat diet (HFD) induction and P. aeruginosa inhalation were used to establish a RTI model in T2DM mice. The effect and mechanism of acarbose administered by gavage on P. aeruginosa RTI were investigated in T2DM and nondiabetic mice using survival curves, pathological examination, and transcriptomics.

Results

We found that P. aeruginosa RTI was more severe in T2DM mice than in nondiabetic individuals, which could be attributed to the activation of the NF-κB and TREM-1 signaling pathways. When acarbose alleviated P. aeruginosa RTI in T2DM mice, both HIF-1α and NF-κB signaling pathways were inhibited. Furthermore, inhibition of the calcium ion signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway contributed to the attenuation of P. aeruginosa RTI by acarbose in nondiabetic mice.

Conclusions

This study confirmed the attenuating effect of acarbose on P. aeruginosa RTIs in T2DM and nondiabetic mice and investigated its mechanism, providing novel support for its clinical application in related diseases.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Acarbose reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory tract infection in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors
Lin Liu
Haiyang Fan
Liang Li
Yunping Fan
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Respiratory Research / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1465-993X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-023-02619-8

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WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

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