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BMC Cancer
Published in: BMC Cancer 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

A pilot study to compare the detection of HPV-16 biomarkers in salivary oral rinses with tumour p16INK4a expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

Authors: Ryan C. Chai, Yenkai Lim, Ian H. Frazer, Yunxia Wan, Christopher Perry, Lee Jones, Duncan Lambie, Chamindie Punyadeera

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

Human papilloma virus-16 (HPV-16) infection is a major risk factor for a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in particular oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Current techniques for assessing the HPV-16 status in HNSCC include the detection of HPV-16 DNA and p16INK4a expression in tumor tissues. When tumors originate from hidden anatomical sites, this method can be challenging. A non-invasive and cost-effective alternative to biopsy is therefore desirable for HPV-16 detection especially within a community setting to screen at-risk individuals.

Methods

The present study compared detection of HPV-16 DNA and RNA in salivary oral rinses with tumor p16INK4a status, in 82 HNSCC patients using end-point and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results

Of 42 patients with p16INK4a-positive tumours, 39 (sensitivity = 92.9 %, PPV = 100 % and NPV = 93 %) had oral rinse samples with detectable HPV-16 DNA, using end-point and quantitative PCR. No HPV-16 DNA was detected in oral rinse samples from 40 patients with p16INK4a negative tumours, yielding a test specificity of 100 %. For patients with p16INK4a positive tumours, HPV-16 mRNA was detected using end-point reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in 24/40 (sensitivity = 60 %, PPV = 100 % and NPV = 71 %), and using quantitative RT-PCR in 22/40 (sensitivity = 55 %, PPV = 100 % and NPV = 69 %). No HPV-16 mRNA was detected in oral rinse samples from the p16INK4a-negative patients, yielding a specificity of 100 %.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that the detection of HPV-16 DNA in salivary oral rinse is indicative of HPV status in HNSCC patients and can potentially be used as a diagnostic tool in addition to the current methods.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
A pilot study to compare the detection of HPV-16 biomarkers in salivary oral rinses with tumour p16INK4a expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors
Ryan C. Chai
Yenkai Lim
Ian H. Frazer
Yunxia Wan
Christopher Perry
Lee Jones
Duncan Lambie
Chamindie Punyadeera
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2217-1

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