Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine
Published in: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 5/2018

01-10-2018 | Research Article

A novel MR-compatible sensor to assess active medical device safety: stimulation monitoring, rectified radio frequency pulses, and gradient-induced voltage measurements

Authors: Thérèse Barbier, Sarra Aissani, Nicolas Weber, Cédric Pasquier, Jacques Felblinger

Published in: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine | Issue 5/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the function of an active implantable medical device (AIMD) during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The induced voltages caused by the switching of magnetic field gradients and rectified radio frequency (RF) pulse were measured, along with the AIMD stimulations.

Materials and methods

An MRI-compatible voltage probe with a bandwidth of 0–40 kHz was designed. Measurements were carried out both on the bench with an overvoltage protection circuit commonly used for AIMD and with a pacemaker during MRI scans on a 1.5 T (64 MHz) MR scanner.

Results

The sensor exhibits a measurement range of ± 15 V with an amplitude resolution of 7 mV and a temporal resolution of 10 µs. Rectification was measured on the bench with the overvoltage protection circuit. Linear proportionality was confirmed between the induced voltage and the magnetic field gradient slew rate. The pacemaker pacing was recorded successfully during MRI scans.

Conclusion

The characteristics of this low-frequency voltage probe allow its use with extreme RF transmission power and magnetic field gradient positioning for MR safety test of AIMD during MRI scans.
Literature
1.
De Wilde JP, Grainger D, Price DL, Renaud C (2007) Magnetic resonance imaging safety issues including an analysis of recorded incidents within the UK. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 51:37–48CrossRef
2.
Shinbane JS, Colletti PM, Shellock FG (2011) Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiac pacemakers: era of “MR Conditional” designs. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 13:63CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Nazarian S, Halperin HR (2009) How to perform magnetic resonance imaging on patients with implantable cardiac arrhythmia devices. Heart Rhythm 6:138–143CrossRefPubMed
4.
Jung W, Zvereva V, Hajredini B, Jäckle S (2011) Initial experience with magnetic resonance imaging-safe pacemakers. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 32:213–219CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Duru F, Luechinger R, Scheidegger MB, Lu TF, Lüscher TF, Boesiger P, Candinas R (2001) Pacing in magnetic resonance imaging environment: clinical and technical considerations on compatibility. Eur Heart J 22:113–124CrossRefPubMed
6.
Kugel H, Bremer C, Püschel M, Fischbach R, Lenzen H, Tombach B, Van Aken H, Heindel W (2003) Hazardous situation in the MR bore: induction in ECG leads causes fire. Eur Radiol 13:690–694PubMed
7.
8.
New PF, Rosen BR, Brady TJ, Buonanno FS, Kistler JP, Burt CT, Hinshaw WS, Newhouse JH, Pohost GM, Taveras JM (1983) Potential hazards and artifacts of ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic surgical and dental materials and devices in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Radiology 147:139–148CrossRefPubMed
9.
Shellock FG, Crues J (1988) High-field-strength MR imaging and metallic biomedical implants: an ex vivo evaluation of deflection forces. Am J Roentgenol 151:389–392CrossRef
10.
Shellock FG (2009) Reference manual for magnetic resonance safety: 2016 edition. Biomedical Research Publishing Group, Los Angeles
11.
ISO/TS 10974:2012(E) (2012) Assessment of the safety of magnetic resonance imaging for patients with an active implantable medical device
12.
Barbier T, Piumatti R, Hecker B, Odille F, Felblinger J, Pasquier C (2014) An RF-induced voltage sensor for investigating pacemaker safety in MRI. Magn Reson Mater Phy 27:539–549CrossRef
13.
Nordbeck P, Weiss I, Ehses P, Ritter O, Warmuth M, Fidler F, Herold V, Jakob PM, Ladd ME, Quick HH, Bauer WR (2009) Measuring RF-induced currents inside implants: impact of device configuration on MRI safety of cardiac pacemaker leads. Magn Reson Med 61:570–578CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zanchi MG, Venook R, Pauly JM, Scott GC (2010) An optically coupled system for quantitative monitoring of MRI-induced RF currents into long conductors. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 29:169–178CrossRefPubMed
15.
Tandri H, Zviman MM, Wedan SR, Lloyd T, Berger RD, Halperin H (2008) Determinants of gradient field-induced current in a pacemaker lead system in a magnetic resonance imaging environment. Heart Rhythm 5:462–468CrossRefPubMed
16.
Mattei E, Censi F, Triventi M, Napolitano A, Genovese E, Cannatà V, Calcagnini G (2015) An optically coupled sensor for the measurement of currents induced by MRI gradient fields into endocardial leads. Magn Reson Mater Phy 28:291–303CrossRef
17.
18.
ASTM F2182-11A (2011) Measurement of radio frequency induced heating on or near passive implants during magnetic resonance imaging. ASTM, West Conshohocken
19.
International Electrotechnical Commission (2010) Medical equipment—IEC 60601-2-33: particular requirements for the safety of magnetic resonance equipment, 3rd edn. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva
20.
Glover PM (2009) Interaction of MRI field gradients with the human body. Phys Med Biol 54:R99–R115CrossRefPubMed
21.
Liu F, Zhao H, Crozier S (2003) On the induced electric field gradients in the human body for magnetic stimulation by gradient coils in MRI. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 50:804–815CrossRefPubMed
22.
Langman DA, Goldberg IB, Finn JP, Ennis DB (2011) Pacemaker lead tip heating in abandoned and pacemaker-attached leads at 1.5 Tesla MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 33:426–431CrossRefPubMed
23.
Mattei E, Calcagnini G, Censi F, Triventi M, Bartolini P (2012) Role of the lead structure in MRI-induced heating: in vitro measurements on 30 commercial pacemaker/defibrillator leads. Magn Reson Med 67:925–935CrossRefPubMed
24.
Ferreira AM, Costa F, Tralhão A, Marques H, Cardim N, Adragão P (2014) MRI-conditional pacemakers: current perspectives. Med Devices Auckl NZ 7:115–124
25.
Irnich W (2002) Electronic security systems and active implantable medical devices. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 25:1235–1258CrossRefPubMed
26.
Irnich W (2010) The terms “Chronaxie” and “Rheobase” are 100 years old. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 33:491–496CrossRefPubMed
27.
Stevenson RA (1998) Feedthrough EMI filter with ground isolation for cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators. In: Proceedings of the 20th annual international conference of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, vol 20 Biomedical Engineering Year 2000 Cat No. 98CH36286, vol 6, p 3319–3323
Metadata
Title
A novel MR-compatible sensor to assess active medical device safety: stimulation monitoring, rectified radio frequency pulses, and gradient-induced voltage measurements
Authors
Thérèse Barbier
Sarra Aissani
Nicolas Weber
Cédric Pasquier
Jacques Felblinger
Publication date
01-10-2018
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine / Issue 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0968-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1352-8661
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-018-0682-z

Other articles of this Issue 5/2018

Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 5/2018 Go to the issue

Research Article

Optimization of diffusion-weighted single-refocused spin-echo EPI by reducing eddy-current artifacts and shortening the echo time

Research Article

Comparison of B0 versus B0 and B1 field inhomogeneity correction for glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging

Research Article

Scan–rescan reproducibility of segmental aortic wall shear stress as assessed by phase-specific segmentation with 4D flow MRI in healthy volunteers

Research Article

Anti-EpCAM scFv gadolinium chelate: a novel targeted MRI contrast agent for imaging of colorectal cancer

Research Article

Inferring diameters of spheres and cylinders using interstitial water

Research Article

Optimized partial-coverage functional analysis pipeline (OPFAP): a semi-automated pipeline for skull stripping and co-registration of partial-coverage, ultra-high-field functional images