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Pediatric Nephrology
Published in: Pediatric Nephrology 3/2019

01-03-2019 | Original Article

A clinical predictive model of renal injury in children with congenital solitary functioning kidney

Authors: Isabel V. Poggiali, Ana Cristina Simões e Silva, Mariana A. Vasconcelos, Cristiane S. Dias, Izabella R. Gomes, Rafaela A. Carvalho, Maria Christina L. Oliveira, Sergio V. Pinheiro, Robert H. Mak, Eduardo A. Oliveira

Published in: Pediatric Nephrology | Issue 3/2019

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Abstract

Background

Solitary functioning kidney (SFK) is an important condition in the spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. The aim of this study was to describe the risk factors for renal injury in a cohort of patients with congenital SFK.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, 162 patients with SFK were systematically followed up (median, 8.5 years). The primary endpoint was time until the occurrence of a composite event of renal injury, which includes proteinuria, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). A predictive model was developed using Cox proportional hazards model and evaluated by c statistics.

Results

Among 162 children with SFK included in the analysis, 132 (81.5%) presented multicystic dysplastic kidney, 20 (12.3%) renal hypodysplasia, and 10 (6.2%) unilateral renal agenesis. Of 162 patients included in the analysis, 10 (6.2%) presented persistent proteinuria, 11 (6.8%) had hypertension, 9 (5.6%) developed CKD stage ≥ 3, and 18 (11%) developed the composite outcome. After adjustment by the Cox model, three variables remained as independent predictors of the composite event: creatinine (HR, 3.93; P < 0.001), recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) (HR, 5.05; P = 0.002), and contralateral renal length at admission (HR, 0.974; P = 0.002). The probability of the composite event at 10 years of age was estimated as 3%, 11%, and 56% for patients assigned to the low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our findings have shown an overall low risk of renal injury for most of infants with congenital SFK. Nevertheless, our prediction model enabled the identification of a subgroup of patients with an increased risk of renal injury over time.
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Metadata
Title
A clinical predictive model of renal injury in children with congenital solitary functioning kidney
Authors
Isabel V. Poggiali
Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
Mariana A. Vasconcelos
Cristiane S. Dias
Izabella R. Gomes
Rafaela A. Carvalho
Maria Christina L. Oliveira
Sergio V. Pinheiro
Robert H. Mak
Eduardo A. Oliveira
Publication date
01-03-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Nephrology / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-018-4111-3

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