“Why do they do that?”

The problem of compliance or adherence with medical advice is complex in every aspect. Frequently compliance definitions vary, measurements are not well quantified, interventions are uncontrolled or not fully elaborated. Nevertheless the importance of facilitating and maximizing compliance is undeniable. As the medications available become more potent and effective, the challenge of achieving optimal medication compliance comes into sharper focus and becomes a concern for everyone involved in health care. Here some of the recent clinical research on compliance is presented together with strategies intended to improve medication compliance by pediatric patients.