Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Acta Diabetologica 1/2011

01-03-2011 | Original Article

Wavesense technology glucometer Linus for routine self-monitoring and clinical practice

Authors: Rudolf Chlup, Blanka Doubravova, Karolina Peterson, Jana Zapletalova, Josef Bartek

Published in: Acta Diabetologica | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Conventional glucometer systems for plasma/blood glucose monitoring are based on colorimetry or static electrochemistry using a fixed input signal. The recent glucometer Linus, Wellion, Agamatrix, USA, based on wavesense dynamic electrochemistry, uses a time-varying input signal to give a more accurate glucose reading. The purpose of this study was to compare the plasma glucose (PG) readings obtained by nursing staff from glucometer Linus and PG values estimated on an approved analyzer Daytona™, Randox, Global Medical Instrumentation, Inc., MN, USA. In the course of 5 weeks, 221 fingerprick capillary blood samples were taken from persons with diabetes at different times and investigated using glucometer Linus. Within two following minutes, blood from the same fingerprick was also collected in a tube and centrifuged; the plasma was analyzed on the Daytona™ analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS v. 15.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA. A total of 221 paired PG values were plotted on the error grid diagram indicating that 218 values (98.6%) of the glucose readings (Linus vs. Daytona) were within the clinically accurate zone A (maximum difference ±20%) and 3 values (1.4%) within the acceptable zone B. Daytona showed 4 PG values <4.2 mmol/l (75 mg/dl) and their difference of respective Linus readings was always <0.83 mmol/l (15 mg/dl). Correlation of results was strong (r = 0.992). Glucometer Linus readings correspond to the ISO and FDA standards. So, Linus appears to be an accurate device for PG-self-monitoring and clinical practice.
Literature
1.
go back to reference The Diabetes Control Complications Trial Research Group (1993) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development, progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 329:977–986CrossRef The Diabetes Control Complications Trial Research Group (1993) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development, progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 329:977–986CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Monnier L, Colette C, Lapinski H, Boniface H (2004) Self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetic patients: from the least common denominator to the greatest common multiple. Diabetes Metab 30:113–119PubMedCrossRef Monnier L, Colette C, Lapinski H, Boniface H (2004) Self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetic patients: from the least common denominator to the greatest common multiple. Diabetes Metab 30:113–119PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Bergenstal RM, Gavin JR (2005) Global consensus conference on glucose monitoring panel: the role of self-monitoring of blood glucose in the care of people with diabetes: report of a global consensus conference. Am J Med 118(Suppl):1S–6SPubMedCrossRef Bergenstal RM, Gavin JR (2005) Global consensus conference on glucose monitoring panel: the role of self-monitoring of blood glucose in the care of people with diabetes: report of a global consensus conference. Am J Med 118(Suppl):1S–6SPubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Davidson J (2005) Strategies for improving glycemic control: effective use of glucose monitoring. Am J Med 118(Suppl):27S–32SPubMedCrossRef Davidson J (2005) Strategies for improving glycemic control: effective use of glucose monitoring. Am J Med 118(Suppl):27S–32SPubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Blonde L, Karter AJ (2005) Current evidence regarding the value of self-monitored blood glucose testing. Am J Med 118(Suppl):20S–26SPubMedCrossRef Blonde L, Karter AJ (2005) Current evidence regarding the value of self-monitored blood glucose testing. Am J Med 118(Suppl):20S–26SPubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force (2007) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract 13(Suppl 1):4–68 AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force (2007) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract 13(Suppl 1):4–68
7.
go back to reference McAndrew L, Schneider SH, Burns E, Leventhal H (2007) Does patient blood glucose monitoring improve diabetes control? a systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Educ 33:991–1011PubMedCrossRef McAndrew L, Schneider SH, Burns E, Leventhal H (2007) Does patient blood glucose monitoring improve diabetes control? a systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Educ 33:991–1011PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference American Diabetes Association (2008) Standards of medical care in diabetes—2008. Diabetes Care 31(Suppl):S12–S54CrossRef American Diabetes Association (2008) Standards of medical care in diabetes—2008. Diabetes Care 31(Suppl):S12–S54CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Garg SK (2008) Glucose monitoring: an important tool for improving glucose control and reducing glycemia. Diabetes Technol Ther 10(Suppl 1):S-1–S-4CrossRef Garg SK (2008) Glucose monitoring: an important tool for improving glucose control and reducing glycemia. Diabetes Technol Ther 10(Suppl 1):S-1–S-4CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Nielsen JK, Chrinstiansen JS (2008) Self-monitoring of blood glucose–epidemiological and practical aspects. Diab Tech Therap 10(Suppl 1):35–42 Nielsen JK, Chrinstiansen JS (2008) Self-monitoring of blood glucose–epidemiological and practical aspects. Diab Tech Therap 10(Suppl 1):35–42
11.
go back to reference Schutt M, Kern W, Krause U, Busch P, Dapp A, Grziwotz R, Mayer I, Rosenbauer J, Wagner C, Zimmermann A, Kerner W, Holl RW (2006) DPV Initiative: is the frequency of selfmonitoring of blood glucose related to long-term metabolic control? Multicenter analysis including 24 500 patients from 191 centers in Germany and Austria. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 114:384–388PubMedCrossRef Schutt M, Kern W, Krause U, Busch P, Dapp A, Grziwotz R, Mayer I, Rosenbauer J, Wagner C, Zimmermann A, Kerner W, Holl RW (2006) DPV Initiative: is the frequency of selfmonitoring of blood glucose related to long-term metabolic control? Multicenter analysis including 24 500 patients from 191 centers in Germany and Austria. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 114:384–388PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Mahoney JJ, Ellison JM (2007) Assessing glucose monitoring performance—a standardized approach. Diabetes Technol Ther 9:545–552PubMedCrossRef Mahoney JJ, Ellison JM (2007) Assessing glucose monitoring performance—a standardized approach. Diabetes Technol Ther 9:545–552PubMedCrossRef
13.
14.
go back to reference Giugliano D, Standl E, Vilsbøll T, Betteridge J, Bonadonna R, Campbell IW, Schernthaner GH, Staels B, Trichopoulou A, Farinaro E (2009) Is the current therapeutic armamentarium in diabetes enough to control the epidemic and its consequences? What are the current shortcomings? Acta Diabetol 46:173–181PubMedCrossRef Giugliano D, Standl E, Vilsbøll T, Betteridge J, Bonadonna R, Campbell IW, Schernthaner GH, Staels B, Trichopoulou A, Farinaro E (2009) Is the current therapeutic armamentarium in diabetes enough to control the epidemic and its consequences? What are the current shortcomings? Acta Diabetol 46:173–181PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Colino E, Álvarez MA, Carcavilla A, Alonso M, Ros P, Barrio R (2010) Insulin dose adjustment when changing from multiple daily injections to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in the pediatric age group. Acta Diabetologica, Published online. doi: 10.1007/s00592-009-0103-x Colino E, Álvarez MA, Carcavilla A, Alonso M, Ros P, Barrio R (2010) Insulin dose adjustment when changing from multiple daily injections to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in the pediatric age group. Acta Diabetologica, Published online. doi: 10.​1007/​s00592-009-0103-x
16.
go back to reference Giménez M, Lara M, Jiménez A, Conget I (2009) Glycaemic profile characteristics and frequency of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in subjects with T1D and repeated hypoglycaemic events. Acta Diabetol 46(4):291–293. doi:10.1007/s00592-008-0085-0 PubMedCrossRef Giménez M, Lara M, Jiménez A, Conget I (2009) Glycaemic profile characteristics and frequency of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in subjects with T1D and repeated hypoglycaemic events. Acta Diabetol 46(4):291–293. doi:10.​1007/​s00592-008-0085-0 PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference ISO 15197:2003-05-01 (2003) In Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems. Requirements for Blood-Glucose Monitoring System for Self-Testing in Managing Diabetes Mellitus. Reference Number ISO 15197:2003 (E). Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 2003. http://www.iso.org ISO 15197:2003-05-01 (2003) In Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems. Requirements for Blood-Glucose Monitoring System for Self-Testing in Managing Diabetes Mellitus. Reference Number ISO 15197:2003 (E). Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 2003. http://​www.​iso.​org
18.
go back to reference U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Clinical Laboratory Devices (1998) Review criteria for assessment of portable invasive blood glucose monitoring in vitro diagnostic devices which use glucose oxidase, dehydrogenase, or hexokinase methodology. Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration, 1998 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Clinical Laboratory Devices (1998) Review criteria for assessment of portable invasive blood glucose monitoring in vitro diagnostic devices which use glucose oxidase, dehydrogenase, or hexokinase methodology. Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration, 1998
19.
go back to reference Oberg D, Ostenson C (2005) Performance of glucose dehydrogenase- and glucose oxidase-based blood glucose meters at high altitude and low temperature [letter]. Diabetes Care 28:1261PubMedCrossRef Oberg D, Ostenson C (2005) Performance of glucose dehydrogenase- and glucose oxidase-based blood glucose meters at high altitude and low temperature [letter]. Diabetes Care 28:1261PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Haller MJ, Shuster JJ, Schatz D, Melker RJ (2007) Adverse impact of temperature and humidity on blood glucose monitoring reliability. Diabetes Technol Ther 9:1–9PubMedCrossRef Haller MJ, Shuster JJ, Schatz D, Melker RJ (2007) Adverse impact of temperature and humidity on blood glucose monitoring reliability. Diabetes Technol Ther 9:1–9PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Fink KS, Christensen DB, Ellsworth A (2002) Effect of high altitude on blood glucose meter performance. Diabetes Technol Ther 4:627–635PubMedCrossRef Fink KS, Christensen DB, Ellsworth A (2002) Effect of high altitude on blood glucose meter performance. Diabetes Technol Ther 4:627–635PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Tang Z, Lee JH, Louie RF, Kost GJ (2000) Effects of different hematocrit levels on glucose measurements with handheld meters for point-of-care testing. Arch Pathol Lab Med 124:1135–1140PubMed Tang Z, Lee JH, Louie RF, Kost GJ (2000) Effects of different hematocrit levels on glucose measurements with handheld meters for point-of-care testing. Arch Pathol Lab Med 124:1135–1140PubMed
23.
go back to reference Tang Z, Du X, Louie RF, Kost GJ (2000) Effects of drugs on glucose measurement with handheld glucose meters and a portable glucose analyzer. Am J Clin Pathol 113:75–86PubMedCrossRef Tang Z, Du X, Louie RF, Kost GJ (2000) Effects of drugs on glucose measurement with handheld glucose meters and a portable glucose analyzer. Am J Clin Pathol 113:75–86PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Skeie S, Thue G, Nerhus K, Sandberg S (2002) Instruments for self-monitoring of blood glucose: comparisons of testing quality achieved by patients and a technician. Clin Chem 48:994–1003PubMed Skeie S, Thue G, Nerhus K, Sandberg S (2002) Instruments for self-monitoring of blood glucose: comparisons of testing quality achieved by patients and a technician. Clin Chem 48:994–1003PubMed
25.
go back to reference Melker RJ (2003) Test strips for blood glucose monitors are not always accurate [letter]. Diabetes Care 26:3190PubMedCrossRef Melker RJ (2003) Test strips for blood glucose monitors are not always accurate [letter]. Diabetes Care 26:3190PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Hönes J, Müller P, Surridge N (2008) The technology behind glucose meters: test strips. Diab Tech Therap 10(Suppl 1):10–26 Hönes J, Müller P, Surridge N (2008) The technology behind glucose meters: test strips. Diab Tech Therap 10(Suppl 1):10–26
27.
go back to reference Iyengar S, Wiley M, Nadeau D (2007) Performance of the Wavesense–enabled glucose monitoring system across multiple lots. Diab Stoffw Herz 1:15–20 Iyengar S, Wiley M, Nadeau D (2007) Performance of the Wavesense–enabled glucose monitoring system across multiple lots. Diab Stoffw Herz 1:15–20
28.
go back to reference Wendisch U, Wiley M, Carnevale E, Weissenbacher S (2009) Wellion Linus selfmonitoring of blood glucose–performance in an outpatient clinic. 2nd International Conference on Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD 2009), February 25–28, 2009, Athens, Greece. http://www2.kenes.com/attd2009/Pages/home.aspx Wendisch U, Wiley M, Carnevale E, Weissenbacher S (2009) Wellion Linus selfmonitoring of blood glucose–performance in an outpatient clinic. 2nd International Conference on Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD 2009), February 25–28, 2009, Athens, Greece. http://​www2.​kenes.​com/​attd2009/​Pages/​home.​aspx
29.
go back to reference Hirsch IB, Bode BW, Childs BP, Close KL, Fischer WA, Gavin JR, Ginsberg BH, ChH Raine, Verderese CA (2008) Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) on insulin- and non-insulin-using adults with diabetes: consensus recommendation for improving SMBG accuracy, utilization, and research. Diab Tech Therap 10(8):419–440CrossRef Hirsch IB, Bode BW, Childs BP, Close KL, Fischer WA, Gavin JR, Ginsberg BH, ChH Raine, Verderese CA (2008) Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) on insulin- and non-insulin-using adults with diabetes: consensus recommendation for improving SMBG accuracy, utilization, and research. Diab Tech Therap 10(8):419–440CrossRef
30.
go back to reference American Diabetes Association (2008) 2008 resource guide: blood glucose monitoring and data management systems. Diabetes Forecast 61:RG31–RG32, RG34–RG48 American Diabetes Association (2008) 2008 resource guide: blood glucose monitoring and data management systems. Diabetes Forecast 61:RG31–RG32, RG34–RG48
31.
go back to reference Chlup R, Payne M, Zapletalova J, Komenda S, Doubravova B, Reznickova M, Chlupova L, Seckar P (2005) Results of selfmonitoring on glucometer systems Advance and Optium in daily routine. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 149(1):127–139PubMed Chlup R, Payne M, Zapletalova J, Komenda S, Doubravova B, Reznickova M, Chlupova L, Seckar P (2005) Results of selfmonitoring on glucometer systems Advance and Optium in daily routine. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 149(1):127–139PubMed
32.
go back to reference Klonoff DC (2010) Regulatory controversies surround blood glucose monitoring devices. J Diabetes Sci Technol 4(2):231–235PubMed Klonoff DC (2010) Regulatory controversies surround blood glucose monitoring devices. J Diabetes Sci Technol 4(2):231–235PubMed
33.
go back to reference Kirk JK, Stegner JS (2010) Self-monitoring of blood glucose: practical aspects. J Diabetes Sci Technol 4(2):435–439PubMed Kirk JK, Stegner JS (2010) Self-monitoring of blood glucose: practical aspects. J Diabetes Sci Technol 4(2):435–439PubMed
34.
go back to reference Pinkos AF (2010) FDA meeting: clinical accuracy requirements for point of care blood glucose meters. J Diabetes Sci Technol 4(2):496PubMed Pinkos AF (2010) FDA meeting: clinical accuracy requirements for point of care blood glucose meters. J Diabetes Sci Technol 4(2):496PubMed
36.
go back to reference Heinemann L, Koschinsky T (2008) Clinical application and challenges of blood glucose measurement technology for selfmonitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther 10(Suppl 1):S27–S34 Heinemann L, Koschinsky T (2008) Clinical application and challenges of blood glucose measurement technology for selfmonitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther 10(Suppl 1):S27–S34
37.
go back to reference Bergenstal R, Pearson J, Cembrowski GS, Bina D, Davidson J, List S (2000) Identifying variables associated with inaccurate self-monitoring of blood glucose: proposed guidelines to improve accuracy. Diabetes Educ 26:981–989PubMedCrossRef Bergenstal R, Pearson J, Cembrowski GS, Bina D, Davidson J, List S (2000) Identifying variables associated with inaccurate self-monitoring of blood glucose: proposed guidelines to improve accuracy. Diabetes Educ 26:981–989PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Clarke WL, Cox D, Gonder-Frederick LA, Carter W, Pohl SL (1987) Evaluating clinical accuracy of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 10:622–628PubMedCrossRef Clarke WL, Cox D, Gonder-Frederick LA, Carter W, Pohl SL (1987) Evaluating clinical accuracy of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 10:622–628PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Parkes JL, Pardo S, Slatin SL, Ginsburg BH (2000) A new consensus error grid to evaluate the clinical significance of inaccuracies in the measurement of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 23(8):1143–1148PubMedCrossRef Parkes JL, Pardo S, Slatin SL, Ginsburg BH (2000) A new consensus error grid to evaluate the clinical significance of inaccuracies in the measurement of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 23(8):1143–1148PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Peterson K, Zapletalova J, Kudlova P, Matuskova V, Bartek J, Novotny D, Chlup R (2009) Benefits of three-month continuous glucose monitoring for persons with diabetes using insulin pumps and sensors. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 153(1):47–52 Peterson K, Zapletalova J, Kudlova P, Matuskova V, Bartek J, Novotny D, Chlup R (2009) Benefits of three-month continuous glucose monitoring for persons with diabetes using insulin pumps and sensors. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 153(1):47–52
41.
go back to reference Chlup R, Zapletalova J, Peterson K, Poljakova I, Lenhartova E, Tancred A, Perera R, Smital J (2009) Impact of buccal glucose spray, liquid sugars and dextrose tablets on the evolution of plasma glucose concentration in healthy persons. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 153(3):205–209PubMed Chlup R, Zapletalova J, Peterson K, Poljakova I, Lenhartova E, Tancred A, Perera R, Smital J (2009) Impact of buccal glucose spray, liquid sugars and dextrose tablets on the evolution of plasma glucose concentration in healthy persons. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 153(3):205–209PubMed
42.
go back to reference Rao A, Iyengar S, Wiley M, Mallery E (2009) Wavesense algorithms account for hematocrit variations while determining blood glucose. Diabetologia 52(Suppl 1):S366 (Abstract) Rao A, Iyengar S, Wiley M, Mallery E (2009) Wavesense algorithms account for hematocrit variations while determining blood glucose. Diabetologia 52(Suppl 1):S366 (Abstract)
43.
go back to reference Rao A, Wiley M, Iyengar S, Nadeau D, Carnevale J (2010) Individuals achieve more accurate results with meters that are codeless and employ dynamic electrochemistry. J Diabetes Sci Technol 4(1):145–150PubMed Rao A, Wiley M, Iyengar S, Nadeau D, Carnevale J (2010) Individuals achieve more accurate results with meters that are codeless and employ dynamic electrochemistry. J Diabetes Sci Technol 4(1):145–150PubMed
44.
go back to reference American Diabetes Association (2002) Report of the committees on the diagnosis, classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 25(Suppl 1):S6–S20 American Diabetes Association (2002) Report of the committees on the diagnosis, classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 25(Suppl 1):S6–S20
45.
go back to reference American Diabetes Association (2003) Clinical practice recommendations. Diabetes Care 36(Suppl 1):S1–S56 American Diabetes Association (2003) Clinical practice recommendations. Diabetes Care 36(Suppl 1):S1–S56
46.
go back to reference Kristensen GBB, Nerhus K, Thue G, Sandbeerg S (2006) Results and feasibility of an external quality assessment scheme for selfmonitoring of blood glucose. Clin Chem 52:1311–1317PubMedCrossRef Kristensen GBB, Nerhus K, Thue G, Sandbeerg S (2006) Results and feasibility of an external quality assessment scheme for selfmonitoring of blood glucose. Clin Chem 52:1311–1317PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Poolsup N, Sukcomboon N, Jiamsathit W (2008) Systematic review of the benefits of self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Diab Tech Therap 10(Suppl 1):51–66 Poolsup N, Sukcomboon N, Jiamsathit W (2008) Systematic review of the benefits of self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Diab Tech Therap 10(Suppl 1):51–66
Metadata
Title
Wavesense technology glucometer Linus for routine self-monitoring and clinical practice
Authors
Rudolf Chlup
Blanka Doubravova
Karolina Peterson
Jana Zapletalova
Josef Bartek
Publication date
01-03-2011
Publisher
Springer Milan
Published in
Acta Diabetologica / Issue 1/2011
Print ISSN: 0940-5429
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-010-0213-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

Acta Diabetologica 1/2011 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine