Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Health Services Research
Published in: BMC Health Services Research 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Research

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities and infection control/prevention practices in traditional birth homes in Southwest Nigeria

Authors: Adediwura Oladunni Arowosegbe, David Ajiboye Ojo, Olufunke Bolatito Shittu, Opeoluwa Iwaloye, Uwem Friday Ekpo

Published in: BMC Health Services Research | Issue 1/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Poor environmental conditions and hygiene practices at the time of childbirth is linked to life-threatening infections and death in mothers and babies. Improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) have been identified as a means through which the lives of mothers and babies could be saved. This study was carried out to explore WASH conditions and infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in traditional birth homes/centers in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria. A total of 50 traditional birth centers and attendants (TBAs) were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics of the TBAs and features of the birth centers were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. Assessment of WASH conditions and IPC practices was based on established protocols.

Results

Findings revealed that majority of the centers operated under poor WASH conditions and IPC practices; none met with the WHO minimum standards for environmental health.

Conclusions

Adequate WASH facilities and IPC practices remain a critical component of maternal and child health even in non-facility birth. As the transition to facility births continues in many countries, the large number of non-facility births demands their inclusion in WASH-related strategies, if global goals of reducing deaths of newborns and women deaths will be achieved.
Literature
1.
Hutton G, Chase C. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene. In: Mock CN, Nugent R, Kobusingye O, et al., editors. Injury Prevention and Environmental Health. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017, Chap. 9. p. 171–98.
2.
International L. What is WASH? Discovering the Impact of Simple Practices Lifewater International. 2018.
3.
Langer A, Horton R, Chalamilla G. A manifesto for maternal health post-2015. Lancet. 2013;381(9867):601–02.CrossRef
4.
Shordt K SE. Getting It Right Improving maternal health through water, sanitation & hygiene. Haarlem: Simavi; 2012.
5.
Programme WUJM. Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water—2017 Update and SDG Baseline. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.
6.
Velleman Y, Mason E, Graham W, et al. From joint thinking to joint action: a call to action on improving water, sanitation, and hygiene for maternal and newborn health. PLoS Med. 2014;11(12):e1001771.CrossRef
7.
Mannava P, Murray JC, Kim R, Sobel HL. Status of water, sanitation and hygiene services for childbirth and newborn care in eight countries in East Asia and the Pacific. J Glob Health. 2019;9(2):020430.CrossRef
8.
Gon G, Restrepo-Mendez MC, Campbell OM, et al. Who Delivers without Water? A Multi Country Analysis of Water and Sanitation in the Childbirth Environment. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e0160572.CrossRef
9.
Gould IM. Alexander Gordon, puerperal sepsis, and modern theories of infection control–Semmelweis in perspective. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(4):275–8.CrossRef
10.
Foca M, Jakob K, Whittier S, et al. Endemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a neonatal intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(10):695–700.CrossRef
11.
Blencowe H, Cousens S, Mullany LC, et al. Clean birth and postnatal care practices to reduce neonatal deaths from sepsis and tetanus: a systematic review and Delphi estimation of mortality effect. BMC Public Health. 2011;11 Suppl 3:S11.CrossRef
12.
WHO/UNICEF. Water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities: Status in low- and middle-income countries and way forward. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
13.
Benova L, Cumming O, Campbell OM. Systematic review and meta-analysis: association between water and sanitation environment and maternal mortality. Trop Med Int Health. 2014;19(4):368–87.CrossRef
14.
Montagu D, Yamey G, Visconti A, Harding A, Yoong J. Where do poor women in developing countries give birth? A multi-country analysis of demographic and health survey data. PLoS One. 2011;6(2):e17155.CrossRef
15.
Sibley LM, Sipe TA, Barry D. Traditional birth attendant training for improving health behaviours and pregnancy outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012(8):CD005460.
16.
Organization WH. Making pregnancy safer: the critical role of the skilled attendant: a joint statement by WHO, ICM and FIGO. World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
17.
Sialubanje C, Massar K, Hamer DH, Ruiter RA. Reasons for home delivery and use of traditional birth attendants in rural Zambia: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:216.CrossRef
18.
Campbell OM, Graham WJ, Lancet Maternal Survival Series steering g. Strategies for reducing maternal mortality: getting on with what works. Lancet. 2006;368(9543):1284–99.CrossRef
19.
Bustreo F, Say L, Koblinsky M, Pullum TW, Temmerman M, Pablos-Mendez A. Ending preventable maternal deaths: the time is now. Lancet Glob Health. 2013;1(4):e176-177.CrossRef
20.
Lassi ZS, Fisher Z, Andraweera P, Cummins A, Roberts CT. Effectiveness of birthing kits for clean childbirth: a systematic review. Int Health. 2020;12(1):3–10.CrossRef
21.
Zaidi AK, Huskins WC, Thaver D, Bhutta ZA, Abbas Z, Goldmann DA. Hospital-acquired neonatal infections in developing countries. Lancet. 2005;365(9465):1175–88.CrossRef
22.
Kassebaum NJ, Bertozzi-Villa A, Coggeshall MS, et al. Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9947):980–1004.CrossRef
23.
Oza S, Lawn JE, Hogan DR, Mathers C, Cousens SN. Neonatal cause-of-death estimates for the early and late neonatal periods for 194 countries: 2000–2013. Bull World Health Organ. 2015;93(1):19–28.CrossRef
24.
UNICEF W. Core questions and indicators for monitoring WASH in health care facilities in the Sustainable Development Goals. 2018.
25.
WHO. Essential environmental health standards in health care. Geneva: WHO; 2008.
26.
Cross S, Afsana K, Banu M, et al. Hygiene on maternity units: lessons from a needs assessment in Bangladesh and India. Glob Health Action. 2016;9:32541.CrossRef
27.
Mrisho M, Schellenberg JA, Mushi AK, et al. Understanding home-based neonatal care practice in rural southern Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008;102(7):669–78.CrossRef
28.
Moyer CA, Aborigo RA, Logonia G, et al. Clean delivery practices in rural northern Ghana: a qualitative study of community and provider knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012;12:50.CrossRef
29.
Shamba DD, Schellenberg J, Penfold SC, et al. Clean home-delivery in rural Southern Tanzania: barriers, influencers, and facilitators. J Health Popul Nutr. 2013;31(1):110–117.CrossRef
30.
Campbell OM, Benova L, Gon G, Afsana K, Cumming O. Getting the basic rights - the role of water, sanitation and hygiene in maternal and reproductive health: a conceptual framework. Trop Med Int Health. 2015;20(3):252–67.CrossRef
31.
WaterAid. Nigeria’s sanitation crisis. World Toilet Day Nigeria supplement. 2016.
32.
Buxton H, Flynn E, Oluyinka O, et al. Hygiene During Childbirth: An Observational Study to Understand Infection Risk in Healthcare Facilities in Kogi and Ebonyi States, Nigeria. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(7).
33.
Chawla SS, Gupta S, Onchiri FM, Habermann EB, Kushner AL, Stewart BT. Water availability at hospitals in low- and middle-income countries: implications for improving access to safe surgical care. J Surg Res. 2016;205(1):169–178.CrossRef
34.
Gon G, Ali SM, Towriss C, et al. Unpacking the enabling factors for hand, cord and birth-surface hygiene in Zanzibar maternity units. Health Policy Plan. 2017;32(8):1220–8.CrossRef
35.
Tomlin K, Berhanu D, Gautham M, et al. Assessing capacity of health facilities to provide routine maternal and newborn care in low-income settings: what proportions are ready to provide good-quality care, and what proportions of women receive it? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):289.CrossRef
36.
USAID/NIGERIA. USAID Water and Development Country Plan for Nigeria. 2014.
Metadata
Title
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities and infection control/prevention practices in traditional birth homes in Southwest Nigeria
Authors
Adediwura Oladunni Arowosegbe
David Ajiboye Ojo
Olufunke Bolatito Shittu
Opeoluwa Iwaloye
Uwem Friday Ekpo
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Health Services Research / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6963
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06911-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

BMC Health Services Research 1/2021 Go to the issue

Research article

What does the patient have to say? Valuing the patient experience to improve the patient journey

Research

Analysis of medical services provided to patients with peripheral facial palsy in Korea: a descriptive, cross-sectional study of the health insurance review and assessment service national patient sample database

Research

Identifying competencies for integrated knowledge translation: a Delphi study

Research

Factors associated with needlestick injuries among healthcare workers: implications for prevention

Correction

Correction to: Health facility preparedness of maternal and neonatal health services: a survey in Jumla, Nepal

Research article

Predictors of Veterans Health Administration utilization and pain persistence among soldiers treated for postdeployment chronic pain in the Military Health System