Vitamin D inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation in vitro

Vitamin D has the capability to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and promote tumor cell apoptosis but whether this mechanism exists in lung adenocarcinoma cells remains to be studied. Our objective is to explore whether vitamin D has the capability to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and synergize with cisplatin. Our method was to explore the effect of different concentrations of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ with or without cisplatin on lung adenocarcinoma cells by detecting cell proliferation rates at different time points. 1,25(OH)₂D₃ was capsulated with nanomaterial before acting on lung adenocarcinoma cells, and cell proliferation rates at different time points were detected with the CCK-8 method. When vitamin D was applied at a concentration of 1 × 10⁻⁷ and 1 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L on A549, PC9, SPC-A1, and H1650 cells for 72 h, no inhibition occurred on cell proliferation. Between the concentrations of 1 × 10⁻⁵ and 0.5 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L, inhibition on cell proliferation increased with drug action time. Between the concentration of 2.5 × 10⁻⁵ and 0.03 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L, inhibition on cell proliferation increased with increasing drug concentration. Analysis using bivariate correlations showed that the correlation coefficient of the proliferation inhibition rate and drug content was 0.580 (p < 0.0001). The correlation coefficient of proliferation inhibition rate and the drug action time was 0.379 (p = 0.01). The combined use of vitamin D and dichlorodiammine-platinum(II) (DDP) significantly increased the inhibition rate on A549 cell proliferation, which peaked after culturing for 96 h (Table 4). Further analysis using bivariate correlations showed that the correlation coefficient between proliferation inhibition rate and DDP concentration was 0.319 (p < 0.0001). The correlation coefficient of the proliferation inhibition rate and vitamin D concentration was 0.269 (p < 0.0001). The correlation coefficient of proliferation inhibition and drug action time was 0.221(p = 0.003). Vitamin D capsulated with nanomaterial (5 ng/ml) on PC-9 cells for 72 h did not inhibit cell proliferation, while after 10 days, the content of crystal violet dissolved decreased by 6.3 ± 3.2 % for the nonleaded nanomaterial group and decreased by 45.8 ± 10.9 % for the nanomaterial-capsulated vitamin D group (p < 0.0001). Vitamin D has the capability to inhibit the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells, synergistically inhibit the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells with DDP, and when capsulated with nanomaterial can significantly inhibit the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells.