Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Medicine
Published in: BMC Medicine 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Review

Viruses exacerbating chronic pulmonary disease: the role of immune modulation

Authors: Aran Singanayagam, Priya V Joshi, Patrick Mallia, Sebastian L Johnston

Published in: BMC Medicine | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Chronic pulmonary diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and their impact is expected to increase in the future. Respiratory viruses are the most common cause of acute respiratory infections and it is increasingly recognized that respiratory viruses are a major cause of acute exacerbations of chronic pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. There is now increasing evidence that the host response to virus infection is dysregulated in these diseases and a better understanding of the mechanisms of abnormal immune responses has the potential to lead to the development of new therapies for virus-induced exacerbations. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge regarding the role of viruses and immune modulation in chronic pulmonary diseases and discuss avenues for future research and therapeutic implications.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Yach D, Hawkes C, Gould CL, Hofman KJ: The global burden of chronic diseases: overcoming impediments to prevention and control. JAMA. 2004, 291: 2616-2622. 10.1001/jama.291.21.2616.PubMed
2.
Mathers CD, Loncar D: Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. 2006, 3: e442-10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442.PubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Sigurs N, Bjarnason R, Sigurbergsson F, Kjellman B: Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000, 161: 1501-1507.PubMed
4.
Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD, Roberg KA, Anderson EL, Pappas TE, Printz MC, Lee WM, Shult PA, Reisdorf E, Carlson-Dakes KT, Salazar LP, DaSilva DF, Tisler CJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RF: Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high- risk children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008, 178: 667-672. 10.1164/rccm.200802-309OC.PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Thomsen SF, van der Sluis S, Stensballe LG, Posthuma D, Skytthe A, Kyvik KO, Duffy DL, Backer V, Bisgaard H: Exploring the association between severe respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma: a registry- based twin study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009, 179: 1091-1097. 10.1164/rccm.200809-1471OC.PubMed
6.
Jackson DJ, Evans MD, Gangnon RE, Tisler CJ, Pappas TE, Lee WM, Gern JE, Lemanske RF: Evidence for a causal relationship between allergic sensitization and rhinovirus wheezing in early life. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012, 185: 281-285. 10.1164/rccm.201104-0660OC.PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Stein RT, Martinez FD: Respiratory syncytial virus and asthma: still no final answer. Thorax. 2010, 65: 1033-1034. 10.1136/thx.2009.133967.PubMed
8.
Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, Beasley R: The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy. 2004, 59: 469-478. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00526.x.PubMed
9.
Pauwels RA, Lofdahl CG, Postma DS, Tattersfield AE, O'Byrne P, Barnes PJ, Ullman A: Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. Formoterol and Corticosteroids Establishing Therapy (FACET) International Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1997, 337: 1405-1411. 10.1056/NEJM199711133372001.PubMed
10.
Moore WC, Bleecker ER, Curran-Everett D, Erzurum SC, Ameredes BT, Bacharier L, Calhoun WJ, Castro M, Chung KF, Clark MP, Dweik RA, Fitzpatrick AM, Gaston B, Hew M, Hussain I, Jarjour NN, Israel E, Levy BD, Murphy JR, Peters SP, Teague WG, Meyers DA, Busse WW, Wenzel SE: Characterization of the severe asthma phenotype by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Severe Asthma Research Program. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007, 119: 405-413. 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.639.PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Peters SP, Jones CA, Haselkorn T, Mink DR, Valacer DJ, Weiss ST: Real- world Evaluation of Asthma Control and Treatment (REACT): findings from a national web- based survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007, 119: 1454-1461. 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.03.022.PubMed
12.
Rabe KF, Vermeire PA, Soriano JB, Maier WC: Clinical management of asthma in 1999: the Asthma Insights and Reality in Europe (AIRE) study. Eur Respir J. 2000, 16: 802-807. 10.1183/09031936.00.16580200.PubMed
13.
Johnston SL, Sanderson G, Pattemore PK, Smith S, Bardin PG, Bruce CB, Lambden PR, Tyrrell DA, Holgate ST: Use of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of picornavirus infection in subjects with and without respiratory symptoms. J Clin Microbiol. 1993, 31: 111-117.PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Leung TF, To MY, Yeung AC, Wong YS, Wong GW, Chan PK: Multiplex molecular detection of respiratory pathogens in children with asthma exacerbation. Chest. 2010, 137: 348-354. 10.1378/chest.09-1250.PubMed
15.
Lee WM, Kiesner C, Pappas T, Lee I, Grindle K, Jartti T, Jakiela B, Lemanske RF, Shult PA, Gern JE: A diverse group of previously unrecognized human rhinoviruses are common causes of respiratory illnesses in infants. PLoS ONE. 2007, 2: e966-10.1371/journal.pone.0000966.PubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Khetsuriani N, Kazerouni NN, Erdman DD, Lu X, Redd SC, Anderson LJ, Teague WG: Prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007, 119: 314-321. 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.041.PubMed
17.
Green RM, Custovic A, Sanderson G, Hunter J, Johnston SL, Woodcock AA: Synergism between allergens and viruses and risk of hospital admission with asthma: case- control study. BMJ. 2002, 324: 763.PubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Murray CS, Poletti G, Kebadze T, Morris J, Woodcock A, Johnston SL, Custovic A: Study of modifiable risk factors for asthma exacerbations: virus infection and allergen exposure increase the risk of asthma hospital admissions in children. Thorax. 2006, 61: 376-382. 10.1136/thx.2005.042523.PubMed
19.
Chauhan AJ, Inskip HM, Linaker CH, Smith S, Schreiber J, Johnston SL, Holgate ST: Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the severity of virus- induced asthma in children. Lancet. 2003, 361: 1939-1944. 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13582-9.PubMed
20.
Corne JM, Marshall C, Smith S, Schreiber J, Sanderson G, Holgate ST, Johnston SL: Frequency, severity, and duration of rhinovirus infections in asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet. 2002, 359: 831-834. 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07953-9.PubMed
21.
Message SD, Laza-Stanca V, Mallia P, Parker HL, Zhu J, Kebadze T, Contoli M, Sanderson G, Kon OM, Papi A, Jeffery PK, Stanciu LA, Johnston SL: Rhinovirus- induced lower respiratory illness is increased in asthma and related to virus load and Th1/2 cytokine and IL-10 production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105: 13562-13567. 10.1073/pnas.0804181105.PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Slater L, Bartlett NW, Haas JJ, Zhu J, Message SD, Walton RP, Sykes A, Dahdaleh S, Clarke DL, Belvisi MG, Kon OM, Fujita T, Jeffery PK, Johnston SL, Edwards MR: Co- ordinated role of TLR3, RIG- I and MDA5 in the innate response to rhinovirus in bronchial epithelium. PLoS Pathog. 2010, 6: e1001178-10.1371/journal.ppat.1001178.PubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Natsukawa T, Shinobu N, Imaizumi T, Miyagishi M, Taira K, Akira S, Fujita T: The RNA helicase RIG- I has an essential function in double- stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses. Nat Immunol. 2004, 5: 730-737. 10.1038/ni1087.PubMed
24.
Zhu Z, Tang W, Gwaltney JM, Wu Y, Elias JA: Rhinovirus stimulation of interleukin- 8 in vivo and in vitro: role of NF- kappaB. Am J Physiol. 1997, 273: L814-L824.PubMed
25.
Edwards MR, Haas J, Panettieri RA, Johnson M, Johnston SL: Corticosteroids and beta2 agonists differentially regulate rhinovirus- induced interleukin- 6 via distinct Cis- acting elements. J Biol Chem. 2007, 282: 15366-15375. 10.1074/jbc.M701325200.PubMed
26.
Spurrell JC, Wiehler S, Zaheer RS, Sanders SP, Proud D: Human airway epithelial cells produce IP- 10 (CXCL10) in vitro and in vivo upon rhinovirus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005, 289: L85-L95. 10.1152/ajplung.00397.2004.PubMed
27.
Zhu Z, Tang W, Ray A, Wu Y, Einarsson O, Landry ML, Gwaltney J, Elias JA: Rhinovirus stimulation of interleukin- 6 in vivo and in vitro. Evidence for nuclear factor kappa B-dependent transcriptional activation. J Clin Invest. 1996, 97: 421-430. 10.1172/JCI118431.PubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Ieki K, Matsukura S, Kokubu F, Kimura T, Kuga H, Kawaguchi M, Odaka M, Suzuki S, Watanabe S, Takeuchi H, Schleimer RP, Adachi M: Double- stranded RNA activates RANTES gene transcription through co- operation of nuclear factor- kappaB and interferon regulatory factors in human airway epithelial cells. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004, 34: 745-752. 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1941.x.PubMed
29.
Biron CA, Nguyen KB, Pien GC, Cousens LP, Salazar-Mather TP: Natural killer cells in antiviral defense: function and regulation by innate cytokines. Annu Rev Immunol. 1999, 17: 189-220. 10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.189.PubMed
30.
Kotenko SV, Gallagher G, Baurin VV, Lewis-Antes A, Shen M, Shah NK, Langer JA, Sheikh F, Dickensheets H, Donnelly RP: IFN- lambdas mediate antiviral protection through a distinct class II cytokine receptor complex. Nat Immunol. 2003, 4: 69-77.PubMed
31.
Wark PA, Johnston SL, Bucchieri F, Powell R, Puddicombe S, Laza-Stanca V, Holgate ST, Davies DE: Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells have a deficient innate immune response to infection with rhinovirus. J Exp Med. 2005, 201: 937-947. 10.1084/jem.20041901.PubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Cakebread JA, Xu Y, Grainge C, Kehagia V, Howarth PH, Holgate ST, Davies DE: Exogenous IFN- beta has antiviral and anti- inflammatory properties in primary bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic subjects exposed to rhinovirus. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011, 127: 1148-1154. 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.023.PubMed
33.
Wark PA, Grissell T, Davies B, See H, Gibson PG: Diversity in the bronchial epithelial cell response to infection with different rhinovirus strains. Respirology. 2009, 14: 180-186. 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01480.x.PubMed
34.
Gehlhar K, Bilitewski C, Reinitz-Rademacher K, Rohde G, Bufe A: Impaired virus- induced interferon- alpha2 release in adult asthmatic patients. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006, 36: 331-337. 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02450.x.PubMed
35.
Bufe A, Gehlhar K, Grage-Griebenow E, Ernst M: Atopic phenotype in children is associated with decreased virus- induced interferon- alpha release. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002, 127: 82-88. 10.1159/000048173.PubMed
36.
Roponen M, Yerkovich ST, Hollams E, Sly PD, Holt PG, Upham JW: Toll- like receptor 7 function is reduced in adolescents with asthma. Eur Respir J. 2010, 35: 64-71. 10.1183/09031936.00172008.PubMed
37.
Gill MA, Bajwa G, George TA, Dong CC, Dougherty II, Jiang N, Gan VN, Gruchalla RS: Counterregulation between the FcepsilonRI pathway and antiviral responses in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2010, 184: 5999-6006. 10.4049/jimmunol.0901194.PubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Contoli M, Message SD, Laza-Stanca V, Edwards MR, Wark PA, Bartlett NW, Kebadze T, Mallia P, Stanciu LA, Parker HL, Slater L, Lewis-Antes A, Kon OM, Holgate ST, Davies DE, Kotenko SV, Papi A, Johnston SL: Role of deficient type III interferon- lambda production in asthma exacerbations. Nat Med. 2006, 12: 1023-1026. 10.1038/nm1462.PubMed
39.
Bochkov YA, Hanson KM, Keles S, Brockman-Schneider RA, Jarjour NN, Gern JE: Rhinovirus- induced modulation of gene expression in bronchial epithelial cells from subjects with asthma. Mucosal Immunol. 2010, 3: 69-80. 10.1038/mi.2009.109.PubMed
40.
Lopez-Souza N, Favoreto S, Wong H, Ward T, Yagi S, Schnurr D, Finkbeiner WE, Dolganov GM, Widdicombe JH, Boushey HA, Avila PC: In vitro susceptibility to rhinovirus infection is greater for bronchial than for nasal airway epithelial cells in human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009, 123: 1384-1390. 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.03.010.PubMedPubMedCentral
41.
DeMore JP, Weisshaar EH, Vrtis RF, Swenson CA, Evans MD, Morin A, Hazel E, Bork JA, Kakumanu S, Sorkness R, Busse WW, Gern JE: Similar colds in subjects with allergic asthma and nonatopic subjects after inoculation with rhinovirus- 16. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009, 124: 245-252. 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.030.PubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Piganis RA, De Weerd NA, Gould JA, Schindler CW, Mansell A, Nicholson SE, Hertzog PJ: Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 inhibits type I interferon (IFN) signaling via the interferon alpha receptor (IFNAR1)- associated tyrosine kinase Tyk2. J Biol Chem. 2011, 286: 33811-33818. 10.1074/jbc.M111.270207.PubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Lee C, Kolesnik TB, Caminschi I, Chakravorty A, Carter W, Alexander WS, Jones J, Anderson GP, Nicholson SE: Suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1) is a physiological regulator of the asthma response. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009, 39: 897-907. 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03217.x.PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Fukuyama S, Nakano T, Matsumoto T, Oliver BG, Burgess JK, Moriwaki A, Tanaka K, Kubo M, Hoshino T, Tanaka H, McKenzie AN, Matsumoto K, Aizawa H, Nakanishi Y, Yoshimura A, Black JL, Inoue H: Pulmonary suppressor of cytokine signaling- 1 induced by IL- 13 regulates allergic asthma phenotype. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009, 179: 992-998. 10.1164/rccm.200806-992OC.PubMed
45.
Fleming HE, Little FF, Schnurr D, Avila PC, Wong H, Liu J, Yagi S, Boushey HA: Rhinovirus-16 colds in healthy and in asthmatic subjects: similar changes in upper and lower airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999, 160: 100-108.PubMed
46.
de Kluijver J, Grunberg K, Pons D, de Klerk EP, Dick CR, Sterk PJ, Hiemstra PS: Interleukin-1beta and interleukin- 1ra levels in nasal lavages during experimental rhinovirus infection in asthmatic and non- asthmatic subjects. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003, 33: 1415-1418. 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01770.x.PubMed
47.
Grunberg K, Smits HH, Timmers MC, de Klerk EP, Dolhain RJ, Dick EC, Hiemstra PS, Sterk PJ: Experimental rhinovirus 16 infection. Effects on cell differentials and soluble markers in sputum in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997, 156: 609-616.PubMed
48.
Grissell TV, Powell H, Shafren DR, Boyle MJ, Hensley MJ, Jones PD, Whitehead BF, Gibson PG: Interleukin- 10 gene expression in acute virus- induced asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005, 172: 433-439. 10.1164/rccm.200412-1621OC.PubMed
49.
Norzila MZ, Fakes K, Henry RL, Simpson J, Gibson PG: Interleukin- 8 secretion and neutrophil recruitment accompanies induced sputum eosinophil activation in children with acute asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000, 161: 769-774.PubMed
50.
Wark PA, Johnston SL, Moric I, Simpson JL, Hensley MJ, Gibson PG: Neutrophil degranulation and cell lysis is associated with clinical severity in virus- induced asthma. Eur Respir J. 2002, 19: 68-75. 10.1183/09031936.02.00226302.PubMed
51.
Denlinger LC, Sorkness RL, Lee WM, Evans M, Wolff M, Mathur SK, Crisafi GM, Gaworski KL, Pappas TE, Vrtis RF, Kelly EA, Gern JE, Jarjour NN: Lower airway rhinovirus burden and the seasonal risk of asthma exacerbation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011
52.
Ordonez CL, Shaughnessy TE, Matthay MA, Fahy JV: Increased neutrophil numbers and IL- 8 levels in airway secretions in acute severe asthma: Clinical and biologic significance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000, 161: 1185-1190.PubMed
53.
Laza-Stanca V, Stanciu LA, Message SD, Edwards MR, Gern JE, Johnston SL: Rhinovirus replication in human macrophages induces NF- kappaB- dependent tumor necrosis factor alpha production. J Virol. 2006, 80: 8248-8258. 10.1128/JVI.00162-06.PubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Fraenkel DJ, Bardin PG, Sanderson G, Lampe F, Johnston SL, Holgate ST: Lower airways inflammation during rhinovirus colds in normal and in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995, 151: 879-886.PubMed
55.
Laza-Stanca V, Message SD, Edwards MR, Parker HL, Zdrenghea MT, Kebadze T, Kon OM, Mallia P, Stanciu LA, Johnston SL: The role of IL- 15 deficiency in the pathogenesis of virus- induced asthma exacerbations. PLoS Pathog. 2011, 7: e1002114-10.1371/journal.ppat.1002114.PubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Plummeridge MJ, Armstrong L, Birchall MA, Millar AB: Reduced production of interleukin 12 by interferon gamma primed alveolar macrophages from atopic asthmatic subjects. Thorax. 2000, 55: 842-847. 10.1136/thorax.55.10.842.PubMedPubMedCentral
57.
Ho LP, Davis M, Denison A, Wood FT, Greening AP: Reduced interleukin- 18 levels in BAL specimens from patients with asthma compared to patients with sarcoidosis and healthy control subjects. Chest. 2002, 121: 1421-1426. 10.1378/chest.121.5.1421.PubMed
58.
Gern JE, Vrtis R, Grindle KA, Swenson C, Busse WW: Relationship of upper and lower airway cytokines to outcome of experimental rhinovirus infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000, 162: 2226-2231.PubMed
59.
Guerra S, Lohman IC, Halonen M, Martinez FD, Wright AL: Reduced interferon gamma production and soluble CD14 levels in early life predict recurrent wheezing by 1 year of age. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004, 169: 70-76.PubMed
60.
Stern DA, Guerra S, Halonen M, Wright AL, Martinez FD: Low IFN- gamma production in the first year of life as a predictor of wheeze during childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007, 120: 835-841. 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.050.PubMed
61.
Gern JE, Brooks GD, Meyer P, Chang A, Shen K, Evans MD, Tisler C, Dasilva D, Roberg KA, Mikus LD, Rosenthal LA, Kirk CJ, Shult PA, Bhattacharya A, Li Z, Gangnon R, Lemanske RF: Bidirectional interactions between viral respiratory illnesses and cytokine responses in the first year of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006, 117: 72-78. 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.10.002.PubMed
62.
Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS, The GOLD Scientific Committee: Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001, 163: 1256-1276.PubMed
63.
Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, Locantore N, Mullerova H, Tal-Singer R, Miller B, Lomas DA, Agusti A, Macnee W, Calverley P, Rennard S, Wouters EF, Wedzicha JA, Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) Investigators: Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2010, 363: 1128-1138. 10.1056/NEJMoa0909883.PubMed
64.
Kanner RE, Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, The Lung Health Study Research Group: Lower respiratory illnesses promote FEV(1) decline in current smokers but not ex- smokers with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the lung health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001, 164: 358-364.PubMed
65.
Seemungal TA, Donaldson GC, Paul EA, Bestall JC, Jeffries DJ, Wedzicha JA: Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998, 157: 1418-1422.PubMed
66.
Jenkins CR, Celli B, Anderson JA, Ferguson GT, Jones PW, Vestbo J, Yates JC, Calverley PM: Seasonality and determinants of moderate and severe COPD exacerbations in the TORCH study. Eur Respir J. 2012, 39: 38-45. 10.1183/09031936.00194610.PubMed
67.
Seemungal T, Harper-Owen R, Bhowmik A, Moric I, Sanderson G, Message S, Maccallum P, Meade TW, Jeffries DJ, Johnston SL, Wedzicha JA: Respiratory viruses, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001, 164: 1618-1623.PubMed
68.
Smith CB, Golden CA, Kanner RE, Renzetti AD: Association of viral and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections with acute respiratory illness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980, 121: 225-232.PubMed
69.
Buscho RO, Saxtan D, Shultz PS, Finch E, Mufson MA: Infections with viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae during exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. J Infect Dis. 1978, 137: 377-383. 10.1093/infdis/137.4.377.PubMed
70.
Papi A, Bellettato CM, Braccioni F, Romagnoli M, Casolari P, Caramori G, Fabbri LM, Johnston SL: Infections and airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severe exacerbations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006, 173: 1114-1121. 10.1164/rccm.200506-859OC.PubMed
71.
Rohde G, Wiethege A, Borg I, Kauth M, Bauer TT, Gillissen A, Bufe A, Schultze-Werninghaus G: Respiratory viruses in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalisation: a case- control study. Thorax. 2003, 58: 37-42. 10.1136/thorax.58.1.37.PubMedPubMedCentral
72.
Qiu Y, Zhu J, Bandi V, Atmar RL, Hattotuwa K, Guntupalli KK, Jeffery PK: Biopsy neutrophilia, neutrophil chemokine and receptor gene expression in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003, 168: 968-975. 10.1164/rccm.200208-794OC.PubMed
73.
Tan WC, Xiang X, Qiu D, Ng TP, Lam SF, Hegele RG: Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in patients hospitalized with near- fatal asthma, acute exacerbations of asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Med. 2003, 115: 272-277. 10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00353-X.PubMed
74.
Mohan A, Chandra S, Agarwal D, Guleria R, Broor S, Gaur B, Pandey RM: Prevalence of viral infection detected by PCR and RT- PCR in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD: a systematic review. Respirology. 2010, 15: 536-542. 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01722.x.PubMed
75.
Mallia P, Message SD, Gielen V, Contoli M, Gray K, Kebadze T, Aniscenko J, Laza-Stanca V, Edwards MR, Slater L, Papi A, Stanciu LA, Kon OM, Johnson M, Johnston SL: Experimental rhinovirus infection as a human model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011, 183: 734-742. 10.1164/rccm.201006-0833OC.PubMed
76.
Aaron SD, Angel JB, Lunau M, Wright K, Fex C, Le Saux N, Dales RE: Granulocyte inflammatory markers and airway infection during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001, 163: 349-355.PubMed
77.
Fujimoto K, Yasuo M, Urushibata K, Hanaoka M, Koizumi T, Kubo K: Airway inflammation during stable and acutely exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2005, 25: 640-646. 10.1183/09031936.05.00047504.PubMed
78.
Perera WR, Hurst JR, Wilkinson TM, Sapsford RJ, Mullerova H, Donaldson GC, Wedzicha JA: Inflammatory changes, recovery and recurrence at COPD exacerbation. Eur Respir J. 2007, 29: 527-534. 10.1183/09031936.00092506.PubMed
79.
Gompertz S, O'Brien C, Bayley DL, Hill SL, Stockley RA: Changes in bronchial inflammation during acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Eur Respir J. 2001, 17: 1112-1119. 10.1183/09031936.01.99114901.PubMed
80.
Rohde G, Borg I, Wiethege A, Kauth M, Jerzinowski S, An Duong DT, Bauer TT, Bufe A, Schultz-Werninghaus G: Inflammatory response in acute viral exacerbations of COPD. Infection. 2008, 36: 427-433. 10.1007/s15010-008-7327-5.PubMed
81.
Seemungal TA, Harper-Owen R, Bhowmik A, Jeffries DJ, Wedzicha JA: Detection of rhinovirus in induced sputum at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2000, 16: 677-683. 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16d19.x.PubMed
82.
Quint JK, Donaldson GC, Goldring JJ, Baghai-Ravary R, Hurst JR, Wedzicha JA: Serum IP- 10 as a biomarker of human rhinovirus infection at exacerbation of COPD. Chest. 2009, 137: 812-822.PubMedPubMedCentral
83.
Bafadhel M, McKenna S, Terry S, Mistry V, Reid C, Haldar P, McCormick M, Haldar K, Kebadze T, Duvoix A, Lindblad K, Patel H, Rugman P, Dodson P, Jenkins M, Saunders M, Newbold P, Green RH, Venge P, Lomas DA, Barer MR, Johnston SL, Pavord ID, Brightling CE: Acute exacerbations of COPD: identification of biological clusters and their biomarkers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011, 184: 662-671. 10.1164/rccm.201104-0597OC.PubMed
84.
Hurst JR, Wilkinson TM, Perera WR, Donaldson GC, Wedzicha JA: Relationships among bacteria, upper airway, lower airway, and systemic inflammation in COPD. Chest. 2005, 127: 1219-1226. 10.1378/chest.127.4.1219.PubMed
85.
S Sajjan U, Ganesan S, Comstock AT, Shim J, Wang Q, Nagarkar DR, Zhao Y, Goldsmith AM, Sonstein J, Linn MJ, Curtis JL, Hershenson MB: Elastase-and LPS- exposed mice display altered responses to rhinovirus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009, 297: L931-L944. 10.1152/ajplung.00150.2009.PubMed
86.
Sonnenfeld G, Hudgens RW: Effect of sidestream and mainstream smoke exposure on in vitro interferon- alpha/beta production by L- 929 cells. Cancer Res. 1986, 46: 2779-2783.PubMed
87.
Schneider D, Ganesan S, Comstock AT, Meldrum CA, Mahidhara R, Goldsmith AM, Curtis JL, Martinez Fj, Hershenson MB, Sajjan U: Increased cytokine response of rhinovirus-infected airway epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010, 182: 332-340. 10.1164/rccm.200911-1673OC.PubMedPubMedCentral
88.
Di Stefano A, Maestrelli P, Roggeri A, Turato G, Calabro S, Potena A, Mapp CE, Ciaccia A, Convacev L, Fabbri LM, Saetta M: Upregulation of adhesion molecules in the bronchial mucosa of subjects with chronic obstructive bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994, 149: 803-810.PubMed
89.
Wilkinson TM, Donaldson GC, Johnston SL, Openshaw PJ, Wedzicha JA: Respiratory syncytial virus, airway inflammation, and FEV1 decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006, 173: 871-876. 10.1164/rccm.200509-1489OC.PubMed
90.
Borg I, Rohde G, Loseke S, Bittscheidt J, Schultze-Werninghaus G, Stephan V, Bufe A: Evaluation of a quantitative real- time PCR for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in pulmonary diseases. Eur Respir J. 2003, 21: 944-951. 10.1183/09031936.03.00088102.PubMed
91.
Sikkel MB, Quint JK, Mallia P, Wedzicha JA, Johnston SL: Respiratory syncytial virus persistence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008, 27: S63-S70. 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181684d67.PubMed
92.
Matsuse T, Hayashi S, Kuwano K, Keunecke H, Jefferies WA, Hogg JC: Latent adenoviral infection in the pathogenesis of chronic airways obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992, 146: 177-184.PubMed
93.
Meshi B, Vitalis TZ, Ionescu D, Elliott WM, Liu C, Wang XD, Hayashi S, Hogg JC: Emphysematous lung destruction by cigarette smoke. The effects of latent adenoviral infection on the lung inflammatory response. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2002, 26: 52-57.PubMed
94.
McManus TE, Marley AM, Baxter N, Christie SN, Elborn JS, Heaney LG, Coyle PV, Kidney JC: Acute and latent adenovirus in COPD. Respir Med. 2007, 101: 2084-2090. 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.05.015.PubMed
95.
Wang EE, Prober CG, Manson B, Corey M, Levison H: Association of respiratory viral infections with pulmonary deterioration in patients with cystic fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 1984, 311: 1653-1658. 10.1056/NEJM198412273112602.PubMed
96.
Ong EL, Ellis ME, Webb AK, Neal KR, Dodd M, Caul EO, Burgess S: Infective respiratory exacerbations in young adults with cystic fibrosis: role of viruses and atypical microorganisms. Thorax. 1989, 44: 739-742. 10.1136/thx.44.9.739.PubMedPubMedCentral
97.
Smyth AR, Smyth RL, Tong CY, Hart CA, Heaf DP: Effect of respiratory virus infections including rhinovirus on clinical status in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child. 1995, 73: 117-120. 10.1136/adc.73.2.117.PubMedPubMedCentral
98.
Ramsey BW, Gore EJ, Smith AL, Cooney MK, Redding GJ, Foy H: The effect of respiratory viral infections on patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Dis Child. 1989, 143: 662-668.PubMed
99.
Armstrong D, Grimwood K, Carlin JB, Carzino R, Hull J, Olinsky A, Phelan PD: Severe viral respiratory infections in infants with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1998, 26: 371-379. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0496(199812)26:6<371::AID-PPUL1>3.0.CO;2-N.PubMed
100.
Wat D, Gelder C, Hibbitts S, Cafferty F, Bowler I, Pierrepoint M, Evans R, Doull I: The role of respiratory viruses in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2008, 7: 320-328. 10.1016/j.jcf.2007.12.002.PubMed
101.
de Almeida MB, Zerbinati RM, Tateno AF, Oliveira CM, Romao RM, Rodrigues JC, Pannuti CS, da Silva Filho LV: Rhinovirus C and respiratory exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010, 16: 996-999.PubMedPubMedCentral
102.
Zheng S, De BP, Choudhary S, Comhair SA, Goggans T, Slee R, Williams BR, Pilewski J, Haque SJ, Erzurum SC: Impaired innate host defense causes susceptibility to respiratory virus infections in cystic fibrosis. Immunity. 2003, 18: 619-630. 10.1016/S1074-7613(03)00114-6.PubMed
103.
van Ewijk BE, van der Zalm MM, Wolfs TF, Fleer A, Kimpen JL, Wilbrink B, van der Ent CK: Prevalence and impact of respiratory viral infections in young children with cystic fibrosis: prospective cohort study. Pediatrics. 2008, 122: 1171-1176. 10.1542/peds.2007-3139.PubMed
104.
Sutanto EN, Kicic A, Foo CJ, Stevens PT, Mullane D, Knight DA, Stick SM, Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis: Innate inflammatory responses of pediatric cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells: effects of nonviral and viral stimulation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2011, 44: 761-767. 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0368OC.PubMed
105.
Black HR, Yankaskas JR, Johnson LG, Noah TL: Interleukin- 8 production by cystic fibrosis nasal epithelial cells after tumor necrosis factor- alpha and respiratory syncytial virus stimulation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1998, 19: 210-215.PubMed
106.
Kieninger E, Vareille M, Kopf BS, Blank F, Alves MP, Gisler FM, Latzin P, Casaulta C, Geiser T, Johnston SL, Edwards MR, Regamey N: Lack of an exaggerated inflammatory response upon virus infection in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2012, 39: 297-304. 10.1183/09031936.00054511.PubMed
107.
Vareille M, Kieninger E, Alves MP, Kopf BS, Moller A, Geiser T, Johnston SL, Edwards MR, Regamey N: Impaired type I and type III interferon induction and rhinovirus control in human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Thorax.
108.
Holtzman M, Patel D, Kim H, You Y, Zhang Y: Hypersusceptibility to respiratory viruses as a shared mechanism for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2011, 44: 739-742. 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0120ED.PubMed
109.
McCullers JA: Insights into the interaction between influenza virus and pneumococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006, 19: 571-582. 10.1128/CMR.00058-05.PubMedPubMedCentral
110.
Hussell T, Cavanagh MM: The innate immune rheostat: influence on lung inflammatory disease and secondary bacterial pneumonia. Biochem Soc Trans. 2009, 37: 811-813. 10.1042/BST0370811.PubMed
111.
Wang JH, Kwon HJ, Jang YJ: Rhinovirus enhances various bacterial adhesions to nasal epithelial cells simultaneously. Laryngoscope. 2009, 119: 1406-1411. 10.1002/lary.20498.PubMed
112.
Ishizuka S, Yamaya M, Suzuki T, Takahashi H, Ida S, Sasaki T, Inoue D, Sekizawa K, Nishimura H, Sasaki H: Effects of rhinovirus infection on the adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to cultured human airway epithelial cells. J Infect Dis. 2003, 188: 1928-1939. 10.1086/379833.PubMed
113.
Sajjan U, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Gruenert DC, Hershenson MB: Rhinovirus disrupts the barrier function of polarized airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008, 178: 1271-1281. 10.1164/rccm.200801-136OC.PubMedPubMedCentral
114.
Oliver BG, Lim S, Wark P, Laza-Stanca V, King N, Black JL, Burgess JK, Roth M, Johnston SL: Rhinovirus exposure impairs immune responses to bacterial products in human alveolar macrophages. Thorax. 2008, 63: 519-525. 10.1136/thx.2007.081752.PubMed
115.
Chattoraj SS, Ganesan S, Jones AM, Helm JM, Comstock AT, Bright-Thomas R, LiPuma JJ, l Hershenson MB, Sajjan U: Rhinovirus infection liberates planktonic bacteria from biofilm and increases chemokine responses in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Thorax. 2011, 66: 333-339. 10.1136/thx.2010.151431.PubMedPubMedCentral
116.
Sajjan US, Jia Y, Newcomb DC, Bentley JK, Lukacs NW, LiPuma JJ, Hershenson MB: H. influenzae potentiates airway epithelial cell responses to rhinovirus by increasing ICAM- 1 and TLR3 expression. FASEB J. 2006, 20: 2121-2123. 10.1096/fj.06-5806fje.PubMed
117.
Chattoraj SS, Ganesan S, Faris A, Comstock A, Lee WM, Sajjan US: Pseudomonas aeruginosa suppresses interferon response to rhinovirus infection in cystic fibrosis but not in normal bronchial epithelial cells. Infect Immun. 2011, 79: 4131-4145. 10.1128/IAI.05120-11.PubMedPubMedCentral
118.
Hilty M, Burke C, Pedro H, Cardenas P, Bush A, Bossley C, Davies J, Ervine A, Poulter L, Pachter L, Moffatt MF, Cookson WO: Disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways. PLoS ONE. 2010, 5: e8578-10.1371/journal.pone.0008578.PubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Viruses exacerbating chronic pulmonary disease: the role of immune modulation
Authors
Aran Singanayagam
Priya V Joshi
Patrick Mallia
Sebastian L Johnston
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Medicine / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1741-7015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-27

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

BMC Medicine 1/2012 Go to the issue

Research article

Metabolic profiling detects early effects of environmental and lifestyle exposure to cadmium in a human population

Debate

The physician's unique role in preventing violence: a neglected opportunity?

Commentary

Commentary on the role of treatment-related HIV compensatory mutations on increasing virulence: new discoveries twenty years since the clinical testing of protease inhibitors to block HIV-1 replication

Research article

Toll-like receptor 4 signaling promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma induced by lipopolysaccharide

Research article

Antitumor activity of phenethyl isothiocyanate in HER2-positive breast cancer models

Research article

Pre-cooling for endurance exercise performance in the heat: a systematic review