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Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Published in: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Vicious circle between progressive right ventricular dilatation and pulmonary regurgitation in patients after tetralogy of Fallot repair? Right heart enlargement promotes flow reversal in the left pulmonary artery

Authors: Atsuko Kato, Christian Drolet, Shi-Joon Yoo, Andrew N. Redington, Lars Grosse-Wortmann

Published in: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

The left pulmonary artery (LPA) contributes more than the right (RPA) to total pulmonary regurgitation (PR) in patients after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair, but the mechanism of this difference is not well understood. This study aimed to analyze the interplay between heart and lung size, mediastinal geometry, and differential PR.

Methods

Forty-eight Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) studies in patients after TOF repair were analyzed. In addition to the routine blood flow and ventricular volume quantification cardiac angle between the thoracic anterior-posterior line and the interventricular septum, right and left lung areas as well as right and left hemithorax areas were measured on an axial image. Statistical analysis was performed to compare flow parameters between RPA and LPA and to assess correlation among right ventricular volume, pulmonary blood flow parameters and lung area.

Results

There was no difference between LPA and RPA diameters. The LPA showed significantly less total forward flow (2.49 ± 0.87 L/min/m2 vs 2.86 ± 0.89 L/min/m2; p = 0.02), smaller net forward flow (1.40 ± 0.51 vs 1.89 ± 0.60 mL/min/m2; p = <0.001), and greater regurgitant fraction (RF) (34 ± 10 % vs 43 ± 12 %; p = 0.001) than the RPA. There was no difference in regurgitant flow volume between RPA and LPA (p = 0.29). Indexed right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDVi) correlated with LPA RF (R = 0.48, p < 0.001), but not with RPA RF (p = 0.09). Larger RVEDVi correlated with a more leftward cardiac axis (R = 0.46, p < 0.001) and with smaller left lung area (R = −0.58, p < 0.001). LPA RF, but not RPA RF, correlated inversely with left lung area (R = −0.34, p = 0.02). The follow-up CMRs in 20 patients showed a correlation of the rate of RV enlargement with the rates of LPA RF worsening (R = 0.50, p = 0.03), and of increasing left lung compression (R = −0.55, p = 0.012).

Conclusion

An enlarged and levorotated heart is associated with left lung compression and impaired flow into the left lung.
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Metadata
Title
Vicious circle between progressive right ventricular dilatation and pulmonary regurgitation in patients after tetralogy of Fallot repair? Right heart enlargement promotes flow reversal in the left pulmonary artery
Authors
Atsuko Kato
Christian Drolet
Shi-Joon Yoo
Andrew N. Redington
Lars Grosse-Wortmann
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1532-429X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-016-0254-1

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