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Clinical Autonomic Research

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Open Access 01-04-2021 | Vagus Nerve Stimulation | Research Article

Inspiratory- and expiratory-gated transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation have different effects on heart rate in healthy subjects: preliminary results

Authors: Bartłomiej Paleczny, Rafał Seredyński, Beata Ponikowska

Published in: Clinical Autonomic Research | Issue 2/2021

Abstract

Purpose

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been considered for the treatment of sympathetically mediated disorders. However, the optimal mode of stimulation is unknown. This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular effects of respiratory-gated taVNS in healthy subjects.

Methods

The examination included expiratory-gated, inspiratory-gated, and non-respiratory-gated taVNS trials. Subjects were examined twice (the order of expiratory- and inspiratory-gated taVNS was changed). taVNS trials started with controlled breathing without stimulation (pre-stimulatory recording) followed by controlled breathing with taVNS (stimulatory recording). Synchronizing taVNS with the respiratory phase was computer-controlled. Heart rate (HR) was calculated from ECG. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were recorded continuously and noninvasively. Baroreflex sensitivity based on rising (BRS-UP) or falling SBP sequences (BRS-DOWN) or all sequences (BRS-ALL) and heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed.

Results

Seventy-two taVNS trials were obtained from 12 subjects (age 23 ± 3 years). Pre-stimulatory HR correlated with change in HR (r = − 0.25) and SVR (r = 0.24, both p < 0.05). There were no differences between three stimulatory conditions in (1) the changes of hemodynamic parameters, (2) BRS-UP and BRS-ALL, or (3) HRV indices (all p > 0.20). However, in the group of high pre-stimulatory HR trials, HR change differed between inspiratory-gated (0.11 ± 0.53%) and both expiratory-gated (− 1.30 ± 0.58%, p = 0.06) and non-respiratory-gated taVNS (− 1.69 ± 0.65, p = 0.02). BRS-DOWN was higher in inspiratory- vs. non-respiratory-gated taVNS (15.4 ± 1.3 vs. 14.1 ± 0.9 ms/mmHg, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Expiratory-gated and non-respiratory-gated taVNS exert clear cardioinhibitory effects in healthy subjects with high pre-stimulatory HR, whereas inspiratory-gated taVNS does not affect HR. Cardiac and vascular effects of taVNS depend on pre-stimulatory HR.

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Title: Inspiratory- and expiratory-gated transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation have different effects on heart rate in healthy subjects: preliminary results
Authors: Bartłomiej Paleczny
Rafał Seredyński
Beata Ponikowska
Publication date: 01-04-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword: Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Published in: Clinical Autonomic Research / Issue 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0959-9851
Electronic ISSN: 1619-1560
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-019-00604-0

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Inspiratory- and expiratory-gated transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation have different effects on heart rate in healthy subjects: preliminary results

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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