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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Vagotomy | Research

Peripheral and central compensatory mechanisms for impaired vagus nerve function during peripheral immune activation

Authors: Anna Kobrzycka, Paweł Napora, Brandon L. Pearson, Krystyna Pierzchała-Koziec, Rafał Szewczyk, Marek Wieczorek

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

Determining the etiology and possible treatment strategies for numerous diseases requires a comprehensive understanding of compensatory mechanisms in physiological systems. The vagus nerve acts as a key interface between the brain and the peripheral internal organs. We set out to identify mechanisms compensating for a lack of neuronal communication between the immune and the central nervous system (CNS) during infection.

Methods

We assessed biochemical and central neurotransmitter changes resulting from subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and whether they are modulated by intraperitoneal infection. We performed a series of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or sham operations on male Wistar rats. Next, after full, 30-day recovery period, they were randomly assigned to receive an injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide or saline. Two hours later, animal were euthanized and we measured the plasma concentration of prostaglandin E2 (with HPLC-MS), interleukin-6 (ELISA), and corticosterone (RIA). We also had measured the concentration of monoaminergic neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the amygdala, brainstem, hippocampus, hypothalamus, motor cortex, periaqueductal gray, and prefrontal medial cortex using RP-HPLC-ED. A subset of the animals was evaluated in the elevated plus maze test immediately before euthanization.

Results

The lack of immunosensory signaling of the vagus nerve stimulated increased activity of discrete inflammatory marker signals, which we confirmed by quantifying biochemical changes in blood plasma. Behavioral results, although preliminary, support the observed biochemical alterations. Many of the neurotransmitter changes observed after vagotomy indicated that the vagus nerve influences the activity of many brain areas involved in control of immune response and sickness behavior. Our studies show that these changes are largely eliminated during experimental infection.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that in vagotomized animals with blocked CNS, communication may transmit via a pathway independent of the vagus nerve to permit restoration of CNS activity for peripheral inflammation control.
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Metadata
Title
Peripheral and central compensatory mechanisms for impaired vagus nerve function during peripheral immune activation
Authors
Anna Kobrzycka
Paweł Napora
Brandon L. Pearson
Krystyna Pierzchała-Koziec
Rafał Szewczyk
Marek Wieczorek
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Vagotomy
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-019-1544-y

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