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01-06-2012

Using the Time-Varying Effect Model (TVEM) to Examine Dynamic Associations between Negative Affect and Self Confidence on Smoking Urges: Differences between Successful Quitters and Relapsers

Authors: Mariya P. Shiyko, Stephanie T. Lanza, Xianming Tan, Runze Li, Saul Shiffman

Published in: Prevention Science | Issue 3/2012

Abstract

With technological advances, collection of intensive longitudinal data (ILD), such as ecological momentary assessments, becomes more widespread in prevention science. In ILD studies, researchers are often interested in the effects of time-varying covariates (TVCs) on a time-varying outcome to discover correlates and triggers of target behaviors (e.g., how momentary changes in affect relate to momentary smoking urges). Traditional analytical methods, however, impose important constraints, assuming a constant effect of the TVC on the outcome. In the current paper, we describe a time-varying effect model (TVEM) and its applications to data collected as part of a smoking-cessation study. Differentiating between groups of short-term successful quitters (N = 207) and relapsers (N = 40), we examine the effects of momentary negative affect and abstinence self-efficacy on the intensity of smoking urges in each subgroup in the 2 weeks following a quit attempt. Successful quitters demonstrated a rapid reduction in smoking urges over time, a gradual decoupling of the association between negative affect and smoking urges, and a consistently strong negative effect of self-efficacy on smoking urges. In comparison, relapsers exhibited a high level of smoking urges throughout the post-quit period, a time-varying and, generally, weak effect of self-efficacy on smoking urges, and a gradual reduction in the strength of the association between negative affect and smoking urges. Implications of these findings are discussed. The TVEM is made available to applied prevention researchers through a SAS macro.

Available only for authorised users

It is possible to include a binary indicator of relapse status in a single model for smoking urges. In the current study, however, our goal was to describe the entire system of time-varying relations within each group. By fitting separate models, we essentially allowed relapse state to moderate every aspect of the TVEM.

The time-varying effect of gender was tested for both groups. For relapsers, the overall effect was zero. For successful quitters, a model with three knots fit best, although the overall effect was very small. Specifically, the non-zero relation between gender and intensity of smoking urges did not emerge until day 10, with women reporting urges about .2 points higher than men.

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Title: Using the Time-Varying Effect Model (TVEM) to Examine Dynamic Associations between Negative Affect and Self Confidence on Smoking Urges: Differences between Successful Quitters and Relapsers
Authors: Mariya P. Shiyko
Stephanie T. Lanza
Xianming Tan
Runze Li
Saul Shiffman
Publication date: 01-06-2012
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Prevention Science / Issue 3/2012
Print ISSN: 1389-4986
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6695
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-011-0264-z

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Using the Time-Varying Effect Model (TVEM) to Examine Dynamic Associations between Negative Affect and Self Confidence on Smoking Urges: Differences between Successful Quitters and Relapsers

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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