Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery
Published in: The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Research

Using 6-CIT, P300 encephalography, and pro-inflammation assessments for screening age-related cognitive decline and exploring associated risk factors in Egyptian elderly

Authors: Mai S. Saleh, Asmaa F. Galal, Sara F. Sallam, Noha A. Mowaad, Hala M. Zeidan, Adel Hashish, Hala R. Elhabashy, Ola A. Heikal

Published in: The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Issue 1/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The elderly population is suffering from many mental health problems that are aggravated as a matter of age and cognitive decline is a serious one of them. The aim of the present work is to screen the cognitive performance among a sample of Egyptian elderly volunteers and to investigate the associated risk factors.

Results

A sample of 88 elderly volunteers from both genders was enrolled in the study according to the specified eligibility criteria after signing the approval consent. Medical history and socio-demographic data were collected from all participants in addition to basic clinical examination. Cognitive performance was assessed using the 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) while the endogenous event-related potentials (ERP) was measured using P300. The inflammatory biomarkers; TNF-α and COX-2 levels were assessed in serum using ELISA technique in addition to gene expression of TNF-α, PPAR-γ and CD-36 exploration using qRT-PCR. About half (51%) of the sample under investigation showed cognitive problems with scores on the 6-CIT exceeding the normal level. TNF-α serum levels showed positive correlation with P300 latency and correlated negatively with P300 reaction time. Furthermore, serum COX-2 levels correlated positively with P300 reaction time and negatively with P300 amplitude.

Conclusion

The study population is showing early signs of cognitive decline that invites attention to the importance of spreading preventive measures against further deterioration. Inflammatory biomarkers under investigation and 6-CIT are suggested to be used in prediction of early stages of cognitive decline among the elderly population.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Sweed HS. Population ageing: Egypt report. MEJAA. 2016;83(4013):1–8.
2.
3.
Norton S, Matthews FE, Barnes DE, Yaffe K, Brayne C. Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: an analysis of population-based data. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(8):788–94.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Morgan A, Touchard S, Leckey C, O’Hagan C, Nevado-Holgado A, Barkhof F, et al. Annex: NIMA–wellcome trust consortium for neuroimmunology of mood disorders and Alzheimer’s disease. Inflamm Biomarkers Alzheimer’s Dis Plasma Alzheimers Dement. 2019;15:776–87.
5.
Dyer AH, McKenna L, Batten I, Jones K, Widdowson M, Dunne J, et al. Peripheral inflammation and cognitive performance in middle-aged adults with and without type 2 diabetes: results from the ENBIND study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12: 605878.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Warnberg J, Gomez-Martinez S, Romeo J, Diaz LE, Marcos A. Nutrition, inflammation, and cognitive function. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1153(1):164–75.ADSCrossRefPubMed
7.
Minghetti L. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in inflammatory and degenerative brain diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2004;63(9):901–10.CrossRefPubMed
8.
d’Angelo M, Castelli V, Catanesi M, Antonosante A, Dominguez-Benot R, Ippoliti R, et al. PPARgamma and cognitive performance. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(20):5068.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Glatz JC, Luiken JF. Dynamic role of the transmembrane glycoprotein CD36 (SR-B2) in cellular fatty acid uptake and utilization. J Lipid Res. 2018;59(7):1084–93.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Zhao L, Varghese Z, Moorhead JF, Chen Y, Ruan XZ. CD36 and lipid metabolism in the evolution of atherosclerosis. Br Med Bull. 2018;126(1):101–12.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Gamba P, Leonarduzzi G, Tamagno E, Guglielmotto M, Testa G, Sottero B, et al. Interaction between 24-hydroxycholesterol, oxidative stress, and amyloid-β in amplifying neuronal damage in Alzheimer’s disease: three partners in crime. Aging Cell. 2011;10(3):403–17.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Hickman SE, Allison EK, El Khoury J. Microglial dysfunction and defective beta-amyloid clearance pathways in aging Alzheimer’s disease mice. J Neurosci. 2008;28(33):8354–60.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Dobri AM, Dudau M, Enciu AM, Hinescu ME. CD36 in Alzheimer’s disease: an overview of molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targeting. Neuroscience. 2021;453:301–11.CrossRefPubMed
14.
15.
Pavarini SCI, Brigola AG, Luchesi BM, Souza ÉN, Rossetti ES, Fraga FJ, et al. On the use of the P300 as a tool for cognitive processing assessment in healthy aging: a review. Dement neuropsychol. 2018;12:1–11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Paiva D, Apóstolo J, Apóstolo J, Almeida M. Elderly Health Care Nursing. Coimbra, Portugal: ESEnfC, UICISA: E. 2015:3–18.
17.
Brooke P, Bullock R. Validation of a 6 item cognitive impairment test with a view to primary care usage. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999;14(11):936–40.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Gale TM, Larner AJ. Six-item cognitive impairment test (6CIT). Cognitive screening instruments: a practical approach. 2017:241–53.
19.
Jiang S, Qu C, Wang F, Liu Y, Qiao Z, Qiu X, et al. Using event-related potential P300 as an electrophysiological marker for differential diagnosis and to predict the progression of mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci. 2015;36:1105–12.ADSCrossRefPubMed
20.
Zeidan HM, Ahmed MM, Hashish AF, Rashad H, Raouf ERA. Effect of ergonomic exercises in modifying Sirtuin1 Gene expression in obese down syndrome patients. JAPS. 2017;7(9):213–8.
21.
Nourian M, Chaleshi V, Pishkar L, Azimzadeh P, Baradaran Ghavami S, Balaii H, et al. Evaluation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA expression level and the rs1799964 polymorphism of the TNF-alpha gene in peripheral mononuclear cells of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Biomed Rep. 2017;6(6):698–702.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Hatami M, Saidijam M, Yadegarzari R, Borzuei S, Soltanian A, Arian MS, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gammaGene expression and its association with oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome. Chonnam Med J. 2016;52(3):201–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Teupser D, Mueller M, Koglin J, Wilfert W, Ernst J, Von Scheidt W, et al. CD36 mRNA expression is increased in CD14+ monocytes of patients with coronary heart disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2008;35(5–6):552–6.CrossRefPubMed
24.
McGeer PL. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors: rationale and therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s disease. Drugs Aging. 2000;17(1):1–11.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Dixe MA, Braúna M, Camacho T, Couto F, Apóstolo J. Mild cognitive impairment in older adults: analysis of some factors. Dement Neuropsychol. 2020;14:28–34.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Brauner P, Ziefle M. Social acceptance of serious games for physical and cognitive training in older adults residing in ambient assisted living environments. J Public Health. 2021;30:1–13.
27.
Wilson RS, Aggarwal NT, Barnes LL, Mendes de Leon CF, Hebert LE, Evans DA. Cognitive decline in incident Alzheimer disease in a community population. Neurology. 2010;74(12):951–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Ball KK, Wadley VG, Vance DE, Edwards JD. Cognitive skills: training, maintenance, and daily usage. Encycl Appl Psychol. 2004;1:387–92.CrossRef
29.
Brickman AM, Meier IB, Korgaonkar MS, Provenzano FA, Grieve SM, Siedlecki KL, et al. Testing the white matter retrogenesis hypothesis of cognitive aging. Neurobiol Aging. 2012;33(8):1699–715.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Kuba M, Kremlacek J, Langrova J, Kubova Z, Szanyi J, Vit F. Aging effect in pattern, motion and cognitive visual evoked potentials. Vision Res. 2012;62:9–16.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Piras MR, Magnano I, Canu ED, Paulus KS, Satta WM, Soddu A, et al. Longitudinal study of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: neuropsychological, neuroradiological, and neurophysiological findings. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74(7):878–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Papaliagkas V, Kimiskidis V, Tsolaki M, Anogianakis G. Usefulness of event-related potentials in the assessment of mild cognitive impairment. BMC Neurosci. 2008;9(1):107.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
34.
Swardfager W, Lanctot K, Rothenburg L, Wong A, Cappell J, Herrmann N. A meta-analysis of cytokines in Alzheimer’s disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;68(10):930–41.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Rosenberg PB. Clinical aspects of inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2005;17(6):503–14.CrossRefPubMed
36.
37.
Koessler S, Engler H, Riether C, Kissler J. No retrieval-induced forgetting under stress. Psychol Sci. 2009;20(11):1356–63.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Cacabelos R, Alvarez XA, Franco-Maside A, Fernandez-Novoa L, Caamano J. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in Alzheimer’s disease and multi-infarct dementia. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1994;16(1):29–35.PubMed
39.
King E, O’Brien JT, Donaghy P, Morris C, Barnett N, Olsen K, et al. Peripheral inflammation in prodromal Alzheimer’s and Lewy body dementias. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018;89(4):339–45.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Andreasson KI, Savonenko A, Vidensky S, Goellner JJ, Zhang Y, Shaffer A, et al. Age-dependent cognitive deficits and neuronal apoptosis in cyclooxygenase-2 transgenic mice. J Neurosci. 2001;21(20):8198–209.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Wahli W, Michalik L. PPARs at the crossroads of lipid signaling and inflammation. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2012;23(7):351–63.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Using 6-CIT, P300 encephalography, and pro-inflammation assessments for screening age-related cognitive decline and exploring associated risk factors in Egyptian elderly
Authors
Mai S. Saleh
Asmaa F. Galal
Sara F. Sallam
Noha A. Mowaad
Hala M. Zeidan
Adel Hashish
Hala R. Elhabashy
Ola A. Heikal
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-024-00806-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery 1/2024 Go to the issue

Research

Syntaxin 1A gene polymorphism in multiple sclerosis: a case–control study

Review

Depression and anxiety and its association with problematic social media use in the MENA region: a systematic review

Research

The diagnostic yield of a 2-h versus a 30-min electroencephalogram for patients with altered mental status in neurological intensive care unit

Research

Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio as predictors of MS severity: a retrospective cohort study

Commentary

ChatGPT in psychiatry: promises and pitfalls

Research

Assessment of serum complement level in a sample of patients of idiopathic childhood epilepsy