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Cancer Causes & Control
Published in: Cancer Causes & Control 2/2016

01-02-2016 | Original paper

Use of exogenous hormones and the risk of breast cancer: results from self-reported survey data with validity assessment

Authors: Sanna Heikkinen, Markku Koskenvuo, Nea Malila, Tytti Sarkeala, Eero Pukkala, Janne Pitkäniemi

Published in: Cancer Causes & Control | Issue 2/2016

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Abstract

Purpose

Main aim was to estimate the association between use of exogenous hormones and breast cancer (BC) risk in a large population-based survey, and to assess the representativeness and overall validity of the data.

Methods

The survey ‘Women’s Health and Use of Hormones’ was conducted in Finland in 2009, including 7,000 BC cases and 20,000 matched population controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and their 95 % confidence interval. For validation, exposure prevalences were compared with population data from Statistics Finland and two large population-based surveys.

Results

We found positive associations with BC risk and exclusive use of hormone-releasing intrauterine device (HR IUD) in postmenopausal women (1.48, 95 % CI 1.10–1.99), when compared to never-users of any hormonal contraceptive and considering only prediagnostic use in cases. Regarding use of other hormonal contraceptives (HC), a positive association between long HC use (≥2 years) and BC was observed in both groups, OR being 1.37 (95 % CI 1.12–1.68) for premenopausal and 1.11 (95 % CI 1.03–1.20) for postmenopausal women, when compared to never-users of other HC.

Conclusions

Observed association between HR IUD use and risk of BC in postmenopausal women is worrying and deserves further attention. Selection bias seemed not to explain this result. Considering the increasing popularity of HR IUD use in, e.g., USA, impact of possible adverse effects in public health could be significant.
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Metadata
Title
Use of exogenous hormones and the risk of breast cancer: results from self-reported survey data with validity assessment
Authors
Sanna Heikkinen
Markku Koskenvuo
Nea Malila
Tytti Sarkeala
Eero Pukkala
Janne Pitkäniemi
Publication date
01-02-2016
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Cancer Causes & Control / Issue 2/2016
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0702-5

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