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BMC Endocrine Disorders
Published in: BMC Endocrine Disorders 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Type 2 Diabetes | Research

Dietary pattern scores in relation to pre-diabetes regression to normal glycemia or progression to type 2 diabetes: a 9-year follow-up

Authors: Parvin Mirmiran, Shabnam Hosseini, Zahra Bahadoran, Fereidoun Azizi

Published in: BMC Endocrine Disorders | Issue 1/2023

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Abstract

Background

We aimed to assess potential associations of habitual dietary pattern scores in relation to the risk of pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or the chance of returning to normal glycemia.

Methods

This cohort study included 334 Pre-DM individuals (mean age of 49.4 years, and 51.5% men) who participated in the third phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006–2008) and followed up for a median of 9 years. A validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline assessed usual intakes of the participants. Major dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The DASH score and Mediterranean diet score (MDS) were also calculated. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of developing T2DM and returning to normal glycemia in relation to dietary pattern scores.

Results

During the study follow-up, 39.8% progressed to T2DM, and 39.8% returned to normal glycemia. Three following major dietary patterns, including Western-style (with a higher load of red meats, hydrogenated fats, sodium, and total fat intakes), healthy pattern (with a higher load of whole grains, vegetables, and dairy products), and processed-foods pattern (with a higher load of processed-meats, fast-foods, salty snakes, and sweets and candies) were identified. The Western-style dietary pattern increased the risk of progressing to T2DM by 38% (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.89, P = 0.050). Other dietary pattern scores were not related to regression or progression from Pre-DM.

Conclusion

The Western-style dietary pattern (characterized by higher load of red meats, hydrogenated fats, sodium intake, and high-GI foods) may accelerate the progression of Pre-DM to T2DM.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Dietary pattern scores in relation to pre-diabetes regression to normal glycemia or progression to type 2 diabetes: a 9-year follow-up
Authors
Parvin Mirmiran
Shabnam Hosseini
Zahra Bahadoran
Fereidoun Azizi
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Type 2 Diabetes
Published in
BMC Endocrine Disorders / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6823
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01275-9

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