Troponin T levels in patients with acute heart failure: clinical and prognostic significance of their detection and release during hospitalisation

go back to reference Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, McMurray JJ, Ponikowski P, Poole-Wilson PA, Strömberg A, van Veldhuisen DJ, Atar D, Hoes AW, Keren A, Mebazaa A, Nieminen M, Priori SG, Swedberg K, Vahanian A, Camm J, De Caterina R, Dean V, Dickstein K, Filippatos G, Funck-Brentano C, Hellemans I, Kristensen SD, McGregor K, Sechtem U, Silber S, Tendera M, Widimsky P, Zamorano JL, Tendera M, Auricchio A, Bax J, Böhm M, Corrà U, della Bella P, Elliott PM, Follath F, Gheorghiade M, Hasin Y, Hernborg A, Jaarsma T, Komajda M, Kornowski R, Piepoli M, Prendergast B, Tavazzi L, Vachiery JL, Verheugt FW, Zamorano JL, Zannad F (2008) ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur J Heart Fail 10:933–989PubMedCrossRef Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, McMurray JJ, Ponikowski P, Poole-Wilson PA, Strömberg A, van Veldhuisen DJ, Atar D, Hoes AW, Keren A, Mebazaa A, Nieminen M, Priori SG, Swedberg K, Vahanian A, Camm J, De Caterina R, Dean V, Dickstein K, Filippatos G, Funck-Brentano C, Hellemans I, Kristensen SD, McGregor K, Sechtem U, Silber S, Tendera M, Widimsky P, Zamorano JL, Tendera M, Auricchio A, Bax J, Böhm M, Corrà U, della Bella P, Elliott PM, Follath F, Gheorghiade M, Hasin Y, Hernborg A, Jaarsma T, Komajda M, Kornowski R, Piepoli M, Prendergast B, Tavazzi L, Vachiery JL, Verheugt FW, Zamorano JL, Zannad F (2008) ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur J Heart Fail 10:933–989PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Gheorghiade M, Pang PS (2009) Acute heart failure syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:557–573PubMedCrossRef Gheorghiade M, Pang PS (2009) Acute heart failure syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:557–573PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Metra M, Brutsaert D, Dei Cas L, Gheorghiade M (2011) Acute heart failure: epidemiology, classification and pathophysiology. In: Tubaro M, Danchin N, Filippatos G, Goldstein P, Vranckx P, Zagher D (eds) The ESC textbook of intensive and acute cardiac care. Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York, pp 479–490 Metra M, Brutsaert D, Dei Cas L, Gheorghiade M (2011) Acute heart failure: epidemiology, classification and pathophysiology. In: Tubaro M, Danchin N, Filippatos G, Goldstein P, Vranckx P, Zagher D (eds) The ESC textbook of intensive and acute cardiac care. Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York, pp 479–490

go back to reference Metra M, Felker GM, Zacà V, Bugatti S, Lombardi C, Bettari L, Voors AA, Gheorghiade M, Dei Cas L (2010) Acute heart failure: multiple clinical profiles and mechanisms require tailored therapy. Int J Cardiol 144:175–179PubMedCrossRef Metra M, Felker GM, Zacà V, Bugatti S, Lombardi C, Bettari L, Voors AA, Gheorghiade M, Dei Cas L (2010) Acute heart failure: multiple clinical profiles and mechanisms require tailored therapy. Int J Cardiol 144:175–179PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Flaherty JD, Bax JJ, De Luca L, Rossi JS, Davidson CJ, Filippatos G, Liu PP, Konstam MA, Greenberg B, Mehra MR, Breithardt G, Pang PS, Young JB, Fonarow GC, Bonow RO, Acute Heart Failure Syndromes International Working Group (2009) Acute heart failure syndromes in patients with coronary artery disease early assessment and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:254–263PubMedCrossRef Flaherty JD, Bax JJ, De Luca L, Rossi JS, Davidson CJ, Filippatos G, Liu PP, Konstam MA, Greenberg B, Mehra MR, Breithardt G, Pang PS, Young JB, Fonarow GC, Bonow RO, Acute Heart Failure Syndromes International Working Group (2009) Acute heart failure syndromes in patients with coronary artery disease early assessment and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:254–263PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Kociol RD, Pang PS, Gheorghiade M, Fonarow GC, O’Connor CM, Felker GM (2010) Troponin elevation in heart failure prevalence, mechanisms, and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 56:1071–1078PubMedCrossRef Kociol RD, Pang PS, Gheorghiade M, Fonarow GC, O’Connor CM, Felker GM (2010) Troponin elevation in heart failure prevalence, mechanisms, and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 56:1071–1078PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Horwich TB, Patel J, MacLellan WR, Fonarow GC (2003) Cardiac troponin I is associated with impaired hemodynamics, progressive left ventricular dysfunction, and increased mortality rates in advanced heart failure. Circulation 108:833–838PubMedCrossRef Horwich TB, Patel J, MacLellan WR, Fonarow GC (2003) Cardiac troponin I is associated with impaired hemodynamics, progressive left ventricular dysfunction, and increased mortality rates in advanced heart failure. Circulation 108:833–838PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Del Carlo CH, Pereira-Barretto AC, Cassaro-Strunz C, Latorre Mdo R, Ramires JA (2004) Serial measure of cardiac troponin T levels for prediction of clinical events in decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail 10:43–48PubMedCrossRef Del Carlo CH, Pereira-Barretto AC, Cassaro-Strunz C, Latorre Mdo R, Ramires JA (2004) Serial measure of cardiac troponin T levels for prediction of clinical events in decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail 10:43–48PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Perna ER, Macín SM, Cimbaro Canella JP, Alvarenga PM, Ríos NG, Pantich R, Augier N, Farías EF, Jantus E, Brizuela M, Medina F (2005) Minor myocardial damage detected by troponin T is a powerful predictor of long-term prognosis in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Int J Cardiol 99:253–261PubMedCrossRef Perna ER, Macín SM, Cimbaro Canella JP, Alvarenga PM, Ríos NG, Pantich R, Augier N, Farías EF, Jantus E, Brizuela M, Medina F (2005) Minor myocardial damage detected by troponin T is a powerful predictor of long-term prognosis in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Int J Cardiol 99:253–261PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Gheorghiade M, Gattis Stough W, Adams KF Jr, Jaffe AS, Hasselblad V, O’Connor CM (2005) The Pilot Randomized Study of Nesiritide Versus Dobutamine in Heart Failure (PRESERVD-HF). Am J Cardiol 96(6A):18G–25GPubMedCrossRef Gheorghiade M, Gattis Stough W, Adams KF Jr, Jaffe AS, Hasselblad V, O’Connor CM (2005) The Pilot Randomized Study of Nesiritide Versus Dobutamine in Heart Failure (PRESERVD-HF). Am J Cardiol 96(6A):18G–25GPubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Peacock WF 4th, De Marco T, Fonarow GC, Diercks D, Wynne J, Apple FS, Wu AH, ADHERE Investigators (2008) Cardiac troponin and outcome in acute heart failure. N Engl J Med 358:2117–2126PubMedCrossRef Peacock WF 4th, De Marco T, Fonarow GC, Diercks D, Wynne J, Apple FS, Wu AH, ADHERE Investigators (2008) Cardiac troponin and outcome in acute heart failure. N Engl J Med 358:2117–2126PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Metra M, Nodari S, Parrinello G, Specchia C, Brentana L, Rocca P, Fracassi F, Bordonali T, Milani P, Danesi R, Verzura G, Chiari E, Dei Cas L (2007) The role of plasma biomarkers in acute heart failure. Serial changes and independent prognostic value of NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin-T. Eur J Heart Fail 9:776–786PubMedCrossRef Metra M, Nodari S, Parrinello G, Specchia C, Brentana L, Rocca P, Fracassi F, Bordonali T, Milani P, Danesi R, Verzura G, Chiari E, Dei Cas L (2007) The role of plasma biomarkers in acute heart failure. Serial changes and independent prognostic value of NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin-T. Eur J Heart Fail 9:776–786PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference You JJ, Austin PC, Alter DA, Ko DT, Tu JV (2007) Relation between cardiac troponin I and mortality in acute decompensated heart failure. Am Heart J 153:462–470PubMedCrossRef You JJ, Austin PC, Alter DA, Ko DT, Tu JV (2007) Relation between cardiac troponin I and mortality in acute decompensated heart failure. Am Heart J 153:462–470PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Ilva T, Lassus J, Siirilä-Waris K, Melin J, Peuhkurinen K, Pulkki K, Nieminen MS, Mustonen H, Porela P, Harjola VP (2008) Clinical significance of cardiac troponins I and T in acute heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 10:772–779PubMedCrossRef Ilva T, Lassus J, Siirilä-Waris K, Melin J, Peuhkurinen K, Pulkki K, Nieminen MS, Mustonen H, Porela P, Harjola VP (2008) Clinical significance of cardiac troponins I and T in acute heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 10:772–779PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Biolo A, Fisch M, Balog J, Chao T, Schulze PC, Ooi H, Siwik D, Colucci WS (2010) Episodes of acute heart failure syndrome are associated with increased levels of troponin and extracellular matrix markers. Circ Heart Fail. 3:44–50PubMedCrossRef Biolo A, Fisch M, Balog J, Chao T, Schulze PC, Ooi H, Siwik D, Colucci WS (2010) Episodes of acute heart failure syndrome are associated with increased levels of troponin and extracellular matrix markers. Circ Heart Fail. 3:44–50PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Xue Y, Clopton P, Peacock WF, Maisel AS (2011) Serial changes in high-sensitive troponin I predict outcome in patients with decompensated heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 13:37–42PubMedCrossRef Xue Y, Clopton P, Peacock WF, Maisel AS (2011) Serial changes in high-sensitive troponin I predict outcome in patients with decompensated heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 13:37–42PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Latini R, Masson S, Anand SI et al (2007) Prognostic value of very low plasma concentrations of troponin T in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Circulation 116:1242–1249PubMedCrossRef Latini R, Masson S, Anand SI et al (2007) Prognostic value of very low plasma concentrations of troponin T in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Circulation 116:1242–1249PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Perna E, Macin SM, Cimbaro JP et al (2004) Ongoing myocardial injury in stable severe heart failure: value of cardiac troponin T monitoring for high-risk patient identification. Circulation 110:2376–2382PubMedCrossRef Perna E, Macin SM, Cimbaro JP et al (2004) Ongoing myocardial injury in stable severe heart failure: value of cardiac troponin T monitoring for high-risk patient identification. Circulation 110:2376–2382PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Felker GM, Pang PS, Adams KF, Cleland JG, Cotter G, Dickstein K, Filippatos GS, Fonarow GC, Greenberg BH, Hernandez AF, Khan S, Komajda M, Konstam MA, Liu PP, Maggioni AP, Massie BM, McMurray JJ, Mehra M, Metra M, O’Connell J, O’Connor CM, Pina IL, Ponikowski P, Sabbah HN, Teerlink JR, Udelson JE, Yancy CW, Zannad F, International AHFS Working Group (2010) Clinical trials of pharmacological therapies in acute heart failure syndromes: lessons learned and directions forward. Circ Heart Fail. 3:314–325PubMedCrossRef Felker GM, Pang PS, Adams KF, Cleland JG, Cotter G, Dickstein K, Filippatos GS, Fonarow GC, Greenberg BH, Hernandez AF, Khan S, Komajda M, Konstam MA, Liu PP, Maggioni AP, Massie BM, McMurray JJ, Mehra M, Metra M, O’Connell J, O’Connor CM, Pina IL, Ponikowski P, Sabbah HN, Teerlink JR, Udelson JE, Yancy CW, Zannad F, International AHFS Working Group (2010) Clinical trials of pharmacological therapies in acute heart failure syndromes: lessons learned and directions forward. Circ Heart Fail. 3:314–325PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Thygesen K, Mair J, Katus H, Plebani M, Venge P, Collinson P, Lindahl B, Giannitsis E, Hasin Y, Galvani M, Tubaro M, Alpert JS, Biasucci LM, Koenig W, Mueller C, Huber K, Hamm C, The Study Group on Biomarkers in Cardiology of the ESC Working Group on Acute Cardiac Care (2010) Recommendations for the use of cardiac troponin measurement in acute cardiac care. Eur Heart J 31:2197–2204PubMedCrossRef Thygesen K, Mair J, Katus H, Plebani M, Venge P, Collinson P, Lindahl B, Giannitsis E, Hasin Y, Galvani M, Tubaro M, Alpert JS, Biasucci LM, Koenig W, Mueller C, Huber K, Hamm C, The Study Group on Biomarkers in Cardiology of the ESC Working Group on Acute Cardiac Care (2010) Recommendations for the use of cardiac troponin measurement in acute cardiac care. Eur Heart J 31:2197–2204PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Thygesen K, Alpert JS (2007) Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 28:2525–2538PubMedCrossRef Thygesen K, Alpert JS (2007) Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 28:2525–2538PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference O’Meara E, Chong KS, Gardner RS, Jardine AG, Neilly JB, McDonagh TA (2006) The modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equations provide valid estimations of glomerular filtration rates in patients with advanced heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 8:63–67PubMedCrossRef O’Meara E, Chong KS, Gardner RS, Jardine AG, Neilly JB, McDonagh TA (2006) The modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equations provide valid estimations of glomerular filtration rates in patients with advanced heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 8:63–67PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference O’Connor CM, Fiuzat M, Lombardi C, Fujita K, Jia G, Davison BA, Cleland J, Bloomfield D, Dittrich HC, Delucca P, Givertz MM, Mansoor G, Ponikowski P, Teerlink JR, Voors AA, Massie BM, Cotter G, Metra M (2011) Impact of serial troponin release on outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: analysis from the PROTECT Pilot Study. Circ Heart Fail. 4:724–732PubMedCrossRef O’Connor CM, Fiuzat M, Lombardi C, Fujita K, Jia G, Davison BA, Cleland J, Bloomfield D, Dittrich HC, Delucca P, Givertz MM, Mansoor G, Ponikowski P, Teerlink JR, Voors AA, Massie BM, Cotter G, Metra M (2011) Impact of serial troponin release on outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: analysis from the PROTECT Pilot Study. Circ Heart Fail. 4:724–732PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Fonarow GC, Adams KF Jr (2005) Abraham WT, Yancy CW, Boscardin WJ; ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee, Study Group, and Investigators. Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis. JAMA 293:572–580PubMedCrossRef Fonarow GC, Adams KF Jr (2005) Abraham WT, Yancy CW, Boscardin WJ; ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee, Study Group, and Investigators. Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis. JAMA 293:572–580PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference O’Connor CM, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Clare R, Gattis Stough W, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg BH, Yancy CW, Young JB, Fonarow GC (2008) Predictors of mortality after discharge in patients hospitalized with heart failure: an analysis from the organized program to initiate lifesaving treatment in hospitalized patients with heart failure (OPTIMIZE-HF). Am Heart J 156:662–673PubMedCrossRef O’Connor CM, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Clare R, Gattis Stough W, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg BH, Yancy CW, Young JB, Fonarow GC (2008) Predictors of mortality after discharge in patients hospitalized with heart failure: an analysis from the organized program to initiate lifesaving treatment in hospitalized patients with heart failure (OPTIMIZE-HF). Am Heart J 156:662–673PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Harjola VP, Follath F, Nieminen MS, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K, Drexler H, Hochadel M, Komajda M, Lopez-Sendon JL, Ponikowski P, Tavazzi L (2010) Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of mortality at 3 months and 1 year in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 12:239–248PubMedCrossRef Harjola VP, Follath F, Nieminen MS, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K, Drexler H, Hochadel M, Komajda M, Lopez-Sendon JL, Ponikowski P, Tavazzi L (2010) Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of mortality at 3 months and 1 year in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 12:239–248PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Missov E, Calzolari C, Pau B (1997) Circulating cardiac troponin I in severe congestive heart failure. Circulation 96:2953–2958PubMedCrossRef Missov E, Calzolari C, Pau B (1997) Circulating cardiac troponin I in severe congestive heart failure. Circulation 96:2953–2958PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Hudson MP, O’Connor CM, Gattis WA et al (2004) Implications of elevated cardiac troponin T in ambulatory patients with heart failure: a prospective analysis. Am Heart J 147:546–552PubMedCrossRef Hudson MP, O’Connor CM, Gattis WA et al (2004) Implications of elevated cardiac troponin T in ambulatory patients with heart failure: a prospective analysis. Am Heart J 147:546–552PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Frankenstein L, Remppis A, Giannitis E, Frankenstein J, Hess G, Zdunek D, Doesch A, Zugck C, Katus HA (2011) Biological variation of high sensitive troponin T in stable heart failure patients with ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy. Clin Res Cardiol. 100:633–640PubMedCrossRef Frankenstein L, Remppis A, Giannitis E, Frankenstein J, Hess G, Zdunek D, Doesch A, Zugck C, Katus HA (2011) Biological variation of high sensitive troponin T in stable heart failure patients with ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy. Clin Res Cardiol. 100:633–640PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Agewall S, Giannitsis E, Jernberg T, Katus H (2011) Troponin elevation in coronary vs. non-coronary disease. Eur Heart J 32:404–411PubMedCrossRef Agewall S, Giannitsis E, Jernberg T, Katus H (2011) Troponin elevation in coronary vs. non-coronary disease. Eur Heart J 32:404–411PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Werdan K, Oelke A, Hettwer S, Nuding S, Bubel S, Hoke R, Russ M, Lautenschläger C, Mueller-Werdan U, Ebelt H (2011) Septic cardiomyopathy: hemodynamic quantification, occurrence, and prognostic implications. Clin Res Cardiol. 100:661–668PubMedCrossRef Werdan K, Oelke A, Hettwer S, Nuding S, Bubel S, Hoke R, Russ M, Lautenschläger C, Mueller-Werdan U, Ebelt H (2011) Septic cardiomyopathy: hemodynamic quantification, occurrence, and prognostic implications. Clin Res Cardiol. 100:661–668PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Mingels AM, Jacobs LH, Kleijnen VW, Laufer EM, Winkens B, Hofstra L, Wodzig WK, van Dieijen-Visser MP (2010) Cardiac troponin T elevations, using highly sensitive assay, in recreational running depend on running distance. Clin Res Cardiol. 99:385–391PubMedCrossRef Mingels AM, Jacobs LH, Kleijnen VW, Laufer EM, Winkens B, Hofstra L, Wodzig WK, van Dieijen-Visser MP (2010) Cardiac troponin T elevations, using highly sensitive assay, in recreational running depend on running distance. Clin Res Cardiol. 99:385–391PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Post F, Mertens D, Sinning C, Peetz D, Münzel T (2009) Decision for aggressive therapy in acute pulmonary embolism: implication of elevated troponin T. Clin Res Cardiol. 98:401–408PubMedCrossRef Post F, Mertens D, Sinning C, Peetz D, Münzel T (2009) Decision for aggressive therapy in acute pulmonary embolism: implication of elevated troponin T. Clin Res Cardiol. 98:401–408PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Aggarwal R, Lebiedz-Odrobina D, Sinha A, Manadan A, Case JP (2009) Serum cardiac troponin T, but not troponin I, is elevated in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. J Rheumatol 36:2711–2714PubMedCrossRef Aggarwal R, Lebiedz-Odrobina D, Sinha A, Manadan A, Case JP (2009) Serum cardiac troponin T, but not troponin I, is elevated in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. J Rheumatol 36:2711–2714PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Jaffe AS, Vasile VC, Milone M, Saenger AK, Olson KN, Apple FS (2011) Diseased skeletal muscle a noncardiac source of increased circulating concentrations of cardiac troponin T. J Am Coll Cardiol 58:1819–1824PubMedCrossRef Jaffe AS, Vasile VC, Milone M, Saenger AK, Olson KN, Apple FS (2011) Diseased skeletal muscle a noncardiac source of increased circulating concentrations of cardiac troponin T. J Am Coll Cardiol 58:1819–1824PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Middlekauff HR (2010) Making the case for skeletal myopathy as the major limitation of exercise capacity in heart failure. Circ Heart Fail. 3:537–546PubMedCrossRef Middlekauff HR (2010) Making the case for skeletal myopathy as the major limitation of exercise capacity in heart failure. Circ Heart Fail. 3:537–546PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Miller WL, Hartman KA, Burritt MF, Grill DE, Rodeheffer RJ, Burnett JC Jr, Jaffe AS (2007) Serial biomarker measurements in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure: the importance of change over time. Circulation 116:249–257PubMedCrossRef Miller WL, Hartman KA, Burritt MF, Grill DE, Rodeheffer RJ, Burnett JC Jr, Jaffe AS (2007) Serial biomarker measurements in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure: the importance of change over time. Circulation 116:249–257PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Miller WL, Hartman KA, Burritt MF, Grill DE, Jaffe AS (2009) Profiles of serial changes in cardiac troponin T concentrations and outcome in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 54:1715–1721PubMedCrossRef Miller WL, Hartman KA, Burritt MF, Grill DE, Jaffe AS (2009) Profiles of serial changes in cardiac troponin T concentrations and outcome in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 54:1715–1721PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Metra M, Torp-Pedersen C, Cleland JG, Di Lenarda A, Komajda M, Remme WJ, Cas LD, Spark P, Swedberg K, Poole-Wilson PA, COMET investigators (2007) Should beta-blocker therapy be reduced or withdrawn after an episode of decompensated heart failure? Results from COMET. Eur J Heart Fail 9:901–909PubMedCrossRef Metra M, Torp-Pedersen C, Cleland JG, Di Lenarda A, Komajda M, Remme WJ, Cas LD, Spark P, Swedberg K, Poole-Wilson PA, COMET investigators (2007) Should beta-blocker therapy be reduced or withdrawn after an episode of decompensated heart failure? Results from COMET. Eur J Heart Fail 9:901–909PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Teerlink JR, Metra M, Zacà V, Sabbah HN, Cotter G, Gheorghiade M, Dei Cas L (2009) Agents with inotropic properties for the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Traditional agents and beyond. Heart Fail Rev 14:243–253PubMedCrossRef Teerlink JR, Metra M, Zacà V, Sabbah HN, Cotter G, Gheorghiade M, Dei Cas L (2009) Agents with inotropic properties for the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Traditional agents and beyond. Heart Fail Rev 14:243–253PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Shah MR, Hasselblad V, Tasissa G, Christenson RH, Binanay C, O’Connor CM, Ohman EM, Stevenson LW, Califf RM (2007) Rapid assay brain natriuretic peptide and troponin I in patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure (from the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness Trial). Am J Cardiol 100(9):1427–1433PubMedCrossRef Shah MR, Hasselblad V, Tasissa G, Christenson RH, Binanay C, O’Connor CM, Ohman EM, Stevenson LW, Califf RM (2007) Rapid assay brain natriuretic peptide and troponin I in patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure (from the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness Trial). Am J Cardiol 100(9):1427–1433PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Fonarow GC, Peacock WF, Phillips CO, Givertz MM, ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators (2007) Admission B-type natriuretic peptide levels and in-hospital mortality in acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 49(19):1943–1950 Epub 2007 Apr 30PubMedCrossRef Fonarow GC, Peacock WF, Phillips CO, Givertz MM, ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators (2007) Admission B-type natriuretic peptide levels and in-hospital mortality in acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 49(19):1943–1950 Epub 2007 Apr 30PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Januzzi JL, van Kimmenade R, Lainchbury J, Bayes-Genis A, Ordonez-Llanos J, Santalo-Bel M, Pinto YM, Richards M (2006) NT-proBNP testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in acute destabilized heart failure: an international pooled analysis of 1256 patients: the International Collaborative of NT-proBNP Study. Eur Heart J 27(3):330–337 Epub 2005 Nov 17PubMedCrossRef Januzzi JL, van Kimmenade R, Lainchbury J, Bayes-Genis A, Ordonez-Llanos J, Santalo-Bel M, Pinto YM, Richards M (2006) NT-proBNP testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in acute destabilized heart failure: an international pooled analysis of 1256 patients: the International Collaborative of NT-proBNP Study. Eur Heart J 27(3):330–337 Epub 2005 Nov 17PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Cohen-Solal A, Logeart D, Huang B, Cai D, Nieminen MS, Mebazaa A (2009) Lowered B-type natriuretic peptide in response to levosimendan or dobutamine treatment is associated with improved survival in patients with severe acutely decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 53(25):2343–2348PubMedCrossRef Cohen-Solal A, Logeart D, Huang B, Cai D, Nieminen MS, Mebazaa A (2009) Lowered B-type natriuretic peptide in response to levosimendan or dobutamine treatment is associated with improved survival in patients with severe acutely decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 53(25):2343–2348PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Kociol RD, Horton JR, Fonarow GC, Reyes EM, Shaw LK, O’Connor CM, Felker GM, Hernandez AF (2011) Admission, discharge, or change in B-type natriuretic peptide and long-term outcomes: data from organized program to initiate lifesaving treatment in hospitalized patients with heart failure (OPTIMIZE-HF) linked to medicare claims. Circ Heart Fail. 4(5):628–636 Epub 2011 Jul 8PubMedCrossRef Kociol RD, Horton JR, Fonarow GC, Reyes EM, Shaw LK, O’Connor CM, Felker GM, Hernandez AF (2011) Admission, discharge, or change in B-type natriuretic peptide and long-term outcomes: data from organized program to initiate lifesaving treatment in hospitalized patients with heart failure (OPTIMIZE-HF) linked to medicare claims. Circ Heart Fail. 4(5):628–636 Epub 2011 Jul 8PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Bettencourt P, Azevedo A, Pimenta J, Friões F, Ferreira S, Ferreira A (2004) N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide predicts outcome after hospital discharge in heart failure patients. Circulation 110(15):2168–74 (Epub 2004 Sep 27) Bettencourt P, Azevedo A, Pimenta J, Friões F, Ferreira S, Ferreira A (2004) N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide predicts outcome after hospital discharge in heart failure patients. Circulation 110(15):2168–74 (Epub 2004 Sep 27)

go back to reference Ishii J, Nomura M, Nakamura Y, Naruse H, Mori Y, Ishikawa T, Ando T, Kurokawa H, Kondo T, Nagamura Y, Ezaki K, Hishida H (2002) Risk stratification using a combination of cardiac troponin T and brain natriuretic peptide in patients hospitalized for worsening chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 89(6):691–695PubMedCrossRef Ishii J, Nomura M, Nakamura Y, Naruse H, Mori Y, Ishikawa T, Ando T, Kurokawa H, Kondo T, Nagamura Y, Ezaki K, Hishida H (2002) Risk stratification using a combination of cardiac troponin T and brain natriuretic peptide in patients hospitalized for worsening chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 89(6):691–695PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Fonarow GC, Peacock WF, Horwich TB, Phillips CO, Givertz MM, Lopatin M, Wynne J, ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators (2008) Usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin levels to predict in-hospital mortality from ADHERE. Am J Cardiol 101(2):231–237 Epub 2007 Dec 3PubMedCrossRef Fonarow GC, Peacock WF, Horwich TB, Phillips CO, Givertz MM, Lopatin M, Wynne J, ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators (2008) Usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin levels to predict in-hospital mortality from ADHERE. Am J Cardiol 101(2):231–237 Epub 2007 Dec 3PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Nishio Y, Sato Y, Taniguchi R, Shizuta S, Doi T, Morimoto T, Kimura T, Kita T (2007) Cardiac troponin T vs other biochemical markers in patients with congestive heart failure. Circ J 71(5):631–635PubMedCrossRef Nishio Y, Sato Y, Taniguchi R, Shizuta S, Doi T, Morimoto T, Kimura T, Kita T (2007) Cardiac troponin T vs other biochemical markers in patients with congestive heart failure. Circ J 71(5):631–635PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Pascual-Figal DA, Manzano-Fernández S, Boronat M, Casas T, Garrido IP, Bonaque JC, Pastor-Perez F, Valdés M, Januzzi JL (2011) Soluble ST2, high-sensitivity troponin T- and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: complementary role for risk stratification in acutely decompensated heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 13(7):718–725 Epub 2011 May 6PubMedCrossRef Pascual-Figal DA, Manzano-Fernández S, Boronat M, Casas T, Garrido IP, Bonaque JC, Pastor-Perez F, Valdés M, Januzzi JL (2011) Soluble ST2, high-sensitivity troponin T- and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: complementary role for risk stratification in acutely decompensated heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 13(7):718–725 Epub 2011 May 6PubMedCrossRef

go back to reference Alehagen U, Dahlström U, Rehfeld JF, Goetze JP (2010) Prognostic assessment of elderly patients with symptoms of heart failure by combining high-sensitivity troponin T and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide measurements. Clin Chem 56(11):1718–1724 Epub 2010 Sep 15PubMedCrossRef Alehagen U, Dahlström U, Rehfeld JF, Goetze JP (2010) Prognostic assessment of elderly patients with symptoms of heart failure by combining high-sensitivity troponin T and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide measurements. Clin Chem 56(11):1718–1724 Epub 2010 Sep 15PubMedCrossRef