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Sleep and Breathing
Published in: Sleep and Breathing 2/2015

01-05-2015 | Original Article

Trigeminal induced arousals during human sleep

Authors: Clemens Heiser, Jan Baja, Franziska Lenz, J. Ulrich Sommer, Karl Hörmann, Raphael M. Herr, Boris A. Stuck

Published in: Sleep and Breathing | Issue 2/2015

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Abstract

Background

Arousals caused by external stimuli during human sleep have been studied for most of the sensorial systems. It could be shown that a pure nasal trigeminal stimulus leads to arousals during sleep. The frequency of arousals increases dependent on the stimulus concentration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different stimulus durations on arousal frequency during different sleep stages.

Methods

Ten young healthy volunteers with 20 nights of polysomnography were included in the study. Pure trigeminal stimulation with both different concentrations of CO2 (0, 10, 20, 40 % v/v) and different stimulus durations (1, 3, 5, and 10 s) were applied during different sleep stages to the volunteers using an olfactometer. The application was performed during different sleep stages (light sleep, deep sleep, REM sleep).

Results

The number of arousals increased with rising stimulus duration and stimulus concentration during each sleep stage.

Conclusion

Trigeminal stimuli during sleep led to arousals in dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Metadata
Title
Trigeminal induced arousals during human sleep
Authors
Clemens Heiser
Jan Baja
Franziska Lenz
J. Ulrich Sommer
Karl Hörmann
Raphael M. Herr
Boris A. Stuck
Publication date
01-05-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Sleep and Breathing / Issue 2/2015
Print ISSN: 1520-9512
Electronic ISSN: 1522-1709
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-014-1046-1

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