Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Obesity Surgery 8/2009

01-08-2009 | Case Report

Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism in an Extremely Obese Patient

Authors: Jeroen Diepstraten, Simone van Kralingen, Repke J. Snijder, Christian M. Hackeng, Bert van Ramshorst, Catherijne A. J. Knibbe

Published in: Obesity Surgery | Issue 8/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

Low-molecular-weight heparins are effective as initial therapy for pulmonary embolism (PE) in a weight-based dosing regimen up to known body weights of 160 kg. The present case reports an extremely obese man of 252 kg (body mass index (BMI) 74 kg/m2) with PE who was treated with tinzaparin, dosed on a body weight of 160 kg. Morbid obesity defined as a BMI higher than 40 kg/m2 is becoming more common in general practice, but there are no evidence-based drug dosing strategies for these patients. This case demonstrates the successful use of a maximum dose of 28,000 anti-Xa international units of tinzaparin for an extremely obese patient with proven PE, instead of the accepted doses of 175 IU/kg, as bridge therapy to a coumarin.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Eikelboom JW, Karthikeyan G, Fagel N, et al. American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons and American College Of Chest Physicians guidelines for venous thromboembolism prevention in hip and knee arthroplasty differ: what are the implications for clinicians and patients? Chest. 2009;135(2):513–20.CrossRef Eikelboom JW, Karthikeyan G, Fagel N, et al. American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons and American College Of Chest Physicians guidelines for venous thromboembolism prevention in hip and knee arthroplasty differ: what are the implications for clinicians and patients? Chest. 2009;135(2):513–20.CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Hainer JW, Barrett JS, Assaid CA, et al. Dosing in heavy-weight/obese patients with the LMWH, tinzaparin: a pharmacodynamic study. Thromb Haemost. 2002;87(5):817–23.CrossRef Hainer JW, Barrett JS, Assaid CA, et al. Dosing in heavy-weight/obese patients with the LMWH, tinzaparin: a pharmacodynamic study. Thromb Haemost. 2002;87(5):817–23.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Barrett JS, Gibiansky E, Hull RD, et al. Population pharmacodynamics in patients receiving tinzaparin for the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001;39(10):431–46.PubMed Barrett JS, Gibiansky E, Hull RD, et al. Population pharmacodynamics in patients receiving tinzaparin for the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001;39(10):431–46.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Hull RD, Raskob GE, Pineo GF, et al. Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin compared with continuous intravenous heparin in the treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(15):975–82.CrossRef Hull RD, Raskob GE, Pineo GF, et al. Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin compared with continuous intravenous heparin in the treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(15):975–82.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Montalescot G, Collet JP, Tanguy ML, et al. Anti-Xa activity relates to survival and efficacy in unselected acute coronary syndrome patients treated with enoxaparin. Circulation. 2004;110(4):392–8.CrossRef Montalescot G, Collet JP, Tanguy ML, et al. Anti-Xa activity relates to survival and efficacy in unselected acute coronary syndrome patients treated with enoxaparin. Circulation. 2004;110(4):392–8.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Hirsh J, Raschke R. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3 Suppl):188S–203S.CrossRef Hirsh J, Raschke R. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3 Suppl):188S–203S.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Kopelman PG. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature. 2000;404(6778):635–43.CrossRef Kopelman PG. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature. 2000;404(6778):635–43.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference World Health Organisation. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 1997. World Health Organisation. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 1997.
9.
go back to reference Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. JAMA. 2006;295(13):1549–55.CrossRef Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. JAMA. 2006;295(13):1549–55.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Horlander KT, Mannino DM, Leeper KV. Pulmonary embolism mortality in the United States, 1979–1998: an analysis using multiple-cause mortality data. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(14):1711–7.CrossRef Horlander KT, Mannino DM, Leeper KV. Pulmonary embolism mortality in the United States, 1979–1998: an analysis using multiple-cause mortality data. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(14):1711–7.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Goldhaber SZ, Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, et al. A prospective study of risk factors for pulmonary embolism in women. JAMA. 1997;277(8):642–5.CrossRef Goldhaber SZ, Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, et al. A prospective study of risk factors for pulmonary embolism in women. JAMA. 1997;277(8):642–5.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger MA, et al. A randomized trial comparing 2 low-molecular-weight heparins for the outpatient treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(7):733–8.CrossRef Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger MA, et al. A randomized trial comparing 2 low-molecular-weight heparins for the outpatient treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(7):733–8.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Hull RD. Treatment of pulmonary embolism: the use of low-molecular-weight heparin in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Thromb Haemost. 2008;99(3):502–10.CrossRef Hull RD. Treatment of pulmonary embolism: the use of low-molecular-weight heparin in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Thromb Haemost. 2008;99(3):502–10.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Neely JL, Carlson SS, Lenhart SE. Tinzaparin sodium: a low-molecular-weight heparin. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2002;59(15):1426–36.PubMed Neely JL, Carlson SS, Lenhart SE. Tinzaparin sodium: a low-molecular-weight heparin. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2002;59(15):1426–36.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Wilson SJ, Wilbur K, Burton E, et al. Effect of patient weight on the anticoagulant response to adjusted therapeutic dosage of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Haemostasis. 2001;31(1):42–8.PubMed Wilson SJ, Wilbur K, Burton E, et al. Effect of patient weight on the anticoagulant response to adjusted therapeutic dosage of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Haemostasis. 2001;31(1):42–8.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Davidson BL, Buller HR, Decousus H, et al. Effect of obesity on outcomes after fondaparinux, enoxaparin, or heparin treatment for acute venous thromboembolism in the Matisse trials. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(6):1191–4.CrossRef Davidson BL, Buller HR, Decousus H, et al. Effect of obesity on outcomes after fondaparinux, enoxaparin, or heparin treatment for acute venous thromboembolism in the Matisse trials. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(6):1191–4.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Heizmann M, Baerlocher GM, Steinmann F, et al. Anti-Xa activity in obese patients after double standard dose of nadroparin for prophylaxis. Thromb Res. 2002;106(4–5):179–81.CrossRef Heizmann M, Baerlocher GM, Steinmann F, et al. Anti-Xa activity in obese patients after double standard dose of nadroparin for prophylaxis. Thromb Res. 2002;106(4–5):179–81.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Borkgren-Okonek MJ, Hartm DR, Pantanom DJ, et al. Enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis in gastric bypass patients: extended duration, dose stratification, and antifactor Xa activity. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2008;4(5):625–31.CrossRef Borkgren-Okonek MJ, Hartm DR, Pantanom DJ, et al. Enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis in gastric bypass patients: extended duration, dose stratification, and antifactor Xa activity. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2008;4(5):625–31.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Green B, Duffull SB. What is the best size descriptor to use for pharmacokinetic studies in the obese? Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;58(2):119–33.CrossRef Green B, Duffull SB. What is the best size descriptor to use for pharmacokinetic studies in the obese? Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;58(2):119–33.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Barras MA, Duffull SB, Atherton JJ, et al. Individualized compared with conventional dosing of enoxaparin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;83(6):882–8.CrossRef Barras MA, Duffull SB, Atherton JJ, et al. Individualized compared with conventional dosing of enoxaparin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;83(6):882–8.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Paige JT, Gouda BP, Gaitor-Stampley V, et al. No correlation between anti-factor Xa levels, low-molecular-weight heparin, and bleeding after gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3(4):469–75.CrossRef Paige JT, Gouda BP, Gaitor-Stampley V, et al. No correlation between anti-factor Xa levels, low-molecular-weight heparin, and bleeding after gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3(4):469–75.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Buller HR, Agnelli G, Hull RD, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3 Suppl):401S–428S.CrossRef Buller HR, Agnelli G, Hull RD, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3 Suppl):401S–428S.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Pedersen PC, Ostergaard PB, Hedner U, et al. Pharmacokinetics of a low molecular weight heparin, logiparin, after intravenous and subcutaneous administration to healthy volunteers. Thromb Res. 1991;61(5–6):477–87.CrossRef Pedersen PC, Ostergaard PB, Hedner U, et al. Pharmacokinetics of a low molecular weight heparin, logiparin, after intravenous and subcutaneous administration to healthy volunteers. Thromb Res. 1991;61(5–6):477–87.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism in an Extremely Obese Patient
Authors
Jeroen Diepstraten
Simone van Kralingen
Repke J. Snijder
Christian M. Hackeng
Bert van Ramshorst
Catherijne A. J. Knibbe
Publication date
01-08-2009
Publisher
Springer New York
Published in
Obesity Surgery / Issue 8/2009
Print ISSN: 0960-8923
Electronic ISSN: 1708-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-009-9886-7

Other articles of this Issue 8/2009

Obesity Surgery 8/2009 Go to the issue