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Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 6/2013

01-06-2013 | Original Paper

Trauma and conditional risk of posttraumatic stress disorder in two American Indian reservation communities

Authors: Janette Beals, Annjeanette Belcourt-Dittloff, Eva M. Garroutte, Calvin Croy, Lori L. Jervis, Nancy Rumbaugh Whitesell, Christina M. Mitchell, Spero M. Manson, The AI-SUPERPFP Team

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 6/2013

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Abstract

Purpose

To determine conditional risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in two culturally distinct American Indian reservation communities.

Method

Data derived from the American Indian Service Utilization, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors Project, a cross-sectional population-based survey that was completed between 1997 and 2000. This study focused on 1,967 participants meeting the DSM-IV criteria for trauma exposure. Traumas were grouped into interpersonal, non-interpersonal, witnessed, and “trauma to close others” categories. Analyses examined distribution of worst traumas, conditional rates of PTSD following exposure, and distributions of PTSD cases deriving from these events. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions estimated associations of lifetime PTSD with trauma type.

Results

Overall, 15.9 % of those exposed to DSM-IV trauma qualified for lifetime PTSD, a rate comparable to similar US studies. Women were more likely to develop PTSD than were men. The majority (60 %) of cases of PTSD among women derived from interpersonal trauma exposure (in particular, sexual and physical abuse); among men, cases were more evenly distributed across trauma categories.

Conclusions

Previous research has demonstrated higher rates of both trauma exposure and PTSD in American Indian samples compared to other Americans. This study shows that conditional rates of PTSD are similar to those reported elsewhere, suggesting that the elevated prevalence of this disorder in American Indian populations is largely due to higher rates of trauma exposure.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
DSM-IV defines a trauma as an event or events that (1) “involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others” AND “the person’s response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror.” (pp. 427–428 [1]). The literature does not always conform to this full definition (e.g., in non-psychiatric literature or in studies predating DSM-IV). Here, “qualifying trauma” is used when the full DSM-IV definition was applied. This was the case for the AI-SUPERPFP trauma assessments described here.
 
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Metadata
Title
Trauma and conditional risk of posttraumatic stress disorder in two American Indian reservation communities
Authors
Janette Beals
Annjeanette Belcourt-Dittloff
Eva M. Garroutte
Calvin Croy
Lori L. Jervis
Nancy Rumbaugh Whitesell
Christina M. Mitchell
Spero M. Manson
The AI-SUPERPFP Team
Publication date
01-06-2013
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 6/2013
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0615-5

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