Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a rapidly growing global endemic disease and is generally accepted as an independent risk factor for lower respiratory tract infections [ 1 , 2 ]. Accumulating investigations have revealed that compared to a healthy lung …

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) are a major public health problem, recently described by WHO as a global crisis [ 1 ]. Since nosocomial and healthcare-associated infections caused by CRGNB organisms significantly increase …

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is lung infection that started outside the hospital or within 48 h of hospital admission [ 1 ]. It is a prevalent infectious disease affecting the elderly, with more than 30–40% of cases hospitalized [ 2 ].

Current guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) stress the need for preventive strategies and accurate etiologic diagnosis [ 1 , 2 ]. Unfortunately, routinely employed antibiotic …

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most frequent ICU-acquired complications. VAP affects between 5 and 40% of mechanically ventilated patients [ 1 ] and is associated with prolonged durations of mechanical ventilation, of ICU …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were consecutively collected from patients with pneumonia in 29 medical centers in 2020 and susceptibility tested by broth microdilution method. Ceftazidime-avibactam (95.5% susceptible), imipenem-relebactam (94.3% …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), with high mortality rates (approximately 13%), prolonged hospital stays and increasing hospital costs [ 1 ]. VAP is a nosocomial lung infection that …

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) develops in intensive care unit (ICU) patients that have been mechanically ventilated for at least 48 h [ 1 ]. The infection rate was related to disease severity and the degree of organ failure [ 2 ]. Further …

Pneumonia presents an ongoing healthcare challenge. Community-acquired cases account for a considerable number of hospitalizations [ 1 , 2 ], and hospital-acquired pneumonia is a common complication in both ventilated [ 3 ] and non-ventilated [ 4 ] …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative aerobic bacterium that can cause several types of infection including wound, urinary tract, and respiratory tract infections. The earliest description of P. aeruginosa pneumonia dates back to 1917 [ 1 ]. As …

Bacteria interact with each other using chemical signalling molecules called autoinducers by a density dependent mechanism termed as quorum sensing. This enables the synchronization of large bacterial group activities such as pigment production …

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent complication in patients requiring mechanical ventilation and the associated mortality ranges from 20 to 50% [ 1 , 2 ]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens causing VAP and …