Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
International Urogynecology Journal
Published in: International Urogynecology Journal 11/2017

Open Access 01-11-2017 | Original Article

Toileting behavior and urinary tract symptoms among younger women

Authors: Johanna Sjögren, Lars Malmberg, Karin Stenzelius

Published in: International Urogynecology Journal | Issue 11/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis

Irregular or infrequent voiding due to avoiding school toilets can contribute to a number of urinary problems among school children. There is, however, a lack of studies on younger women. The aim of this study was to investigate toileting behavior and the correlation to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among young women (age 18–25 years). A further aim was to validate the Swedish version of the Toileting Behavior scale (TB scale).

Methods

Quantitative descriptive design was used with two questionnaires: the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS) and the TB scale, together with six background questions. The questionnaires were distributed in November 2014 to 550 women aged 18–25 years randomly selected from the population register in southern Sweden.

Results

A total of 173 (33%) women responded. Mean age was 21.6 years (range 18–25). The Swedish version of TB scale showed good construct validity and reliability, similar to the original. Most toileting behavior was significantly correlated with LUTS, which were common, as 34.2% reported urgency and 35.9% urine leakage at least sometimes or more often.

Conclusions

LUTS were quite common in this group of young women. Toileting behaviors were also significantly related to urinary tract symptoms. Thus, TB scale was useful in this population, and the translated Swedish version showed good construct validity and reliability.
Literature
1.
Barnes PM, Maddocks A. Standards in school toilets—a questionnaire survey. J Public Health Med. 2002;24:85–7.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Joelsson-Alm E, Nyman CR, Svensen C, Ulfvarson J. Micturition problems after bladder distension during hospitalization in Sweden: “I’m not ill, just damaged for the rest of my life”. Nurs Res. 2014;63:418–25.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Lundblad B, Berg M, Hellstrom AL. Experiences of children treating functional bladder disturbances on schooldays. J Pediatr Urol. 2007;3:189–93.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Lundblad B, Hellstrom AL. Perceptions of school toilets as a cause for irregular toilet habits among schoolchildren aged 6 to 16 years. J Sch Health. 2005;75:125–8.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Norling M, Stenzelius K, Ekman N, Wennick A. High school students’ experiences in school toilets or restrooms. J Sch Nurs. 2016;32:164–71.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Bower WF, Yip SK, Yeung CK. Dysfunctional elimination symptoms in childhood and adulthood. J Urol. 2005;174(4 Pt 2):1623–7. discussion 7–8.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Kistner M. Dysfunctional elimination behaviors and associated complications in school-age children. J Sch Nurs. 2009;25:108–16.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Soifer S, Nicaise G, Chancellor M, Gordon D. Paruresis or shy bladder syndrome: an unknown urologic malady? Urol Nurs. 2009;29:87–93.PubMed
9.
Vythilingum B, Stein DJ, Soifer S. Is “shy bladder syndrome” a subtype of social anxiety disorder? A survey of people with paruresis. Depress Anxiety. 2002;16:84–7.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Coyne KS, Sexton CC, Thompson CL, Milsom I, Irwin D, Kopp ZS, et al. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the USA, the UK and Sweden: results from the Epidemiology of LUTS (EpiLUTS) study. BJU Int. 2009;104:352–60.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Homma Y, Yamaguchi O, Hayashi K. Neurogenic Bladder Society C. Epidemiologic survey of lower urinary tract symptoms in Japan. Urology. 2006;68:560–4.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Irwin DE, Milsom I, Hunskaar S, Reilly K, Kopp Z, Herschorn S, et al. Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study. Eur Urol. 2006;50:1306–14. discussion 1314–5.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Milsom I, Abrams P, Cardozo L, Roberts RG, Thuroff J, Wein AJ. How widespread are the symptoms of an overactive bladder and how are they managed? A population-based prevalence study. BJU Int. 2001;87:760–6.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Norby B, Nordling J, Mortensen S. Lower urinary tract symptoms in the Danish population: a population-based study of symptom prevalence, health-care seeking behavior and prevalence of treatment in elderly males and females. Eur Urol. 2005;47:817–23.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Stewart WF, Van Rooyen JB, Cundiff GW, Abrams P, Herzog AR, Corey R, et al. Prevalence and burden of overactive bladder in the United States. World J Urol. 2003;20:327–36.PubMed
16.
Zhu L, Lang J, Liu C, Han S, Huang J, Li X. The epidemiological study of women with urinary incontinence and risk factors for stress urinary incontinence in China. Menopause. 2009;16:831–6.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Wang K, Palmer MH. Women’s toileting behaviour related to urinary elimination: concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66:1874–84.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Wang K, Palmer MH. Development and validation of an instrument to assess women’s toileting behavior related to urinary elimination: preliminary results. Nurs Res. 2011;60:158–64.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Avery K, Donovan J, Peters TJ, Shaw C, Gotoh M, Abrams P. ICIQ: a brief and robust measure for evaluating the symptoms and impact of urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2004;23:322–30.CrossRefPubMed
20.
van Breda HM, Bosch JL, de Kort LM. Hidden prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in healthy nulligravid young women. Int Urogynecol J. 2015;26:1637–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Hair J, Anderson R, Tatham R, Black W. Multivariate data analysis. London: Prentice Hall International; 1998.
22.
Moore KH, Richmond DH, Sutherst JR, Imrie AH, Hutton JL. Crouching over the toilet seat: prevalence among British gynaecological outpatients and its effect upon micturition. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1991;98:569–72.
23.
Pauwels E, De Laet K, De Wachter S, Wyndaele JJ. Healthy, middle-aged, history-free, continent women—do they strain to void? J Urol. 2006;175:1403–7.
24.
Robinson D, Staskin D, Laterza R, Koebl H. Defining female voiding dysfunction: ICI-RS 2011. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31:313–6.
25.
26.
Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, Griffiths D, Rosier P, Ulmsten U, et al. The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21:167–78.
27.
Pauwels E, De Wachter S, Wyndaele JJ. Normality of bladder filling studied in symptom-free middle-aged women. J Urol. 2004;171:1567–70.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Barry MJ, Fowler Jr FJ, O’Leary MP, Bruskewitz RC, Holtgrewe HL, Mebust WK, et al. The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association. J Urol. 1992;148:1549–57. discussion 64.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Toileting behavior and urinary tract symptoms among younger women
Authors
Johanna Sjögren
Lars Malmberg
Karin Stenzelius
Publication date
01-11-2017
Publisher
Springer London
Published in
International Urogynecology Journal / Issue 11/2017
Print ISSN: 0937-3462
Electronic ISSN: 1433-3023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-017-3319-2

Other articles of this Issue 11/2017

International Urogynecology Journal 11/2017 Go to the issue

Original Article

Innovative treatment modalities for urinary incontinence: a European survey identifying experience and attitude of healthcare providers

Review Article

De novo overactive bladder following midurethral sling procedures: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis

Editorial

IUGA terminology and standardization: creating and using this expanding resource

Original Article

Outpatient mid-urethral tissue fixation system sling for urodynamic stress urinary incontinence: 3-year surgical and quality of life results

Original Article

Bulkamid (PAHG) in mixed urinary incontinence: What is the outcome?

Original Article

Patient satisfaction after laparoscopic lateral suspension with mesh for pelvic organ prolapse: outcome report of a continuous series of 417 patients