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Published in: Critical Care 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Research

Time to epinephrine treatment is associated with the risk of mortality in children who achieve sustained ROSC after traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Authors: Yan-Ren Lin, Meng-Huan Wu, Tren-Yi Chen, Yuan-Jhen Syue, Mei-Chueh Yang, Tsung-Han Lee, Chih-Ming Lin, Chu-Chung Chou, Chin-Fu Chang, Chao-Jui Li

Published in: Critical Care | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

The benefits of early epinephrine administration in pediatric with nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been reported; however, the effects in pediatric cases of traumatic OHCA are unclear. Since the volume-related pharmacokinetics of early epinephrine may differ obviously with and without hemorrhagic shock (HS), beneficial or harmful effects of nonselective epinephrine stimulation (alpha and beta agonists) may also be enhanced with early administration. In this study, we aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of early epinephrine administration in pediatric cases of HS and non-HS traumatic OHCA.

Methods

This was a multicenter retrospective study (2003–2014). Children (aged ≤ 19 years) who experienced traumatic OHCA and were administered epinephrine for resuscitation were included. Children were classified into the HS (blood loss > 30% of total body fluid) and non-HS groups. The demographics, outcomes, postresuscitation hemodynamics (the first hour) after the sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survival durations were analyzed and correlated with the time to epinephrine administration (early < 15, middle 15–30, late > 30 min) in the HS and non-HS groups. Cox regression analysis was used to adjust for risk factors of mortality.

Results

A total of 509 children were included. Most of them (n = 348, 68.4%) had HS OHCA. Early epinephrine administration was implemented in 131 (25.7%) children. In both the HS and non-HS groups, early epinephrine administration was associated with achieving sustained ROSC (both p < 0.05) but was not related to survival or good neurological outcomes (without adjusting for confounding factors). However, early epinephrine administration in the HS group increased cardiac output but induced metabolic acidosis and decreased urine output during the initial postresuscitation period (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, early epinephrine administration was a risk factor of mortality in the HS group (HR 4.52, 95% CI 2.73–15.91).

Conclusion

Early epinephrine was significantly associated with achieving sustained ROSC in pediatric cases of HS and non-HS traumatic OHCA. For children with HS, early epinephrine administration was associated with both beneficial (increased cardiac output) and harmful effects (decreased urine output and metabolic acidosis) during the postresuscitation period. More importantly, early epinephrine was a risk factor associated with mortality in the HS group.
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Metadata
Title
Time to epinephrine treatment is associated with the risk of mortality in children who achieve sustained ROSC after traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors
Yan-Ren Lin
Meng-Huan Wu
Tren-Yi Chen
Yuan-Jhen Syue
Mei-Chueh Yang
Tsung-Han Lee
Chih-Ming Lin
Chu-Chung Chou
Chin-Fu Chang
Chao-Jui Li
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Critical Care / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1364-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-019-2391-z

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