Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Critical Care 4/2006

01-08-2006 | Commentary

Think outside the box: extrapulmonary manifestations of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection

Authors: Kentigern Thorburn, C Anthony Hart

Published in: Critical Care | Issue 4/2006

Login to get access

Abstract

Extrapulmonary effects of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are not uncommon. Dr Eisenhut's systematic review of extrapulmonary manifestations of severe RSV infection clearly demonstrates clinical consequences peripheral to the lung parenchyma. The extrapulmonary impact of RSV infection raises questions as to whether these are direct RSV effects (i.e., RSV infection of site-specific tissue), secondary to parenchymal lung disease and its causative respiratory failure, or the result of inflammatory mediators dispersed from the provoked respiratory epithelium.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Reynolds EOR, Cook CD: The treatment of bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 1963, 63: 1205-1207. 10.1016/S0022-3476(63)80215-2CrossRefPubMed Reynolds EOR, Cook CD: The treatment of bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 1963, 63: 1205-1207. 10.1016/S0022-3476(63)80215-2CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Eisenhut M: Extrapulmonary manifestations of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection – a systematic review. Crit Care 2006, 10: R107. 10.1186/cc4984PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Eisenhut M: Extrapulmonary manifestations of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection – a systematic review. Crit Care 2006, 10: R107. 10.1186/cc4984PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference O'Donnell DR, McGarvey MJ, Tully JM, Balfour-Lynn IM, Openshaw PJ: Respiratory syncytial virus RNA in cells from the peripheral blood during acute infection. J Pediatr 1998, 133: 272-274. 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70234-3CrossRefPubMed O'Donnell DR, McGarvey MJ, Tully JM, Balfour-Lynn IM, Openshaw PJ: Respiratory syncytial virus RNA in cells from the peripheral blood during acute infection. J Pediatr 1998, 133: 272-274. 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70234-3CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Rohwedder A, Keminer O, Forster J, Schneider K, Schneider E, Werchau H: Detection of respiratory syncytial virus RNA in blood of neonates by polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 1998, 54: 320-327. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199804)54:4<320::AID-JMV13>3.0.CO;2-JCrossRefPubMed Rohwedder A, Keminer O, Forster J, Schneider K, Schneider E, Werchau H: Detection of respiratory syncytial virus RNA in blood of neonates by polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 1998, 54: 320-327. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199804)54:4<320::AID-JMV13>3.0.CO;2-JCrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Bowles NE, Ni J, Kearney DL, Pauschinger M, Schultheiss HP, McCarthy R, Hare J, Bricker JT, Bowles KR, Towbin JA: Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction. Evidence of adenovirus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 42: 466-472. 10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00648-XCrossRefPubMed Bowles NE, Ni J, Kearney DL, Pauschinger M, Schultheiss HP, McCarthy R, Hare J, Bricker JT, Bowles KR, Towbin JA: Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction. Evidence of adenovirus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 42: 466-472. 10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00648-XCrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Fishaut M, Tubergen D, McIntosh K: Cellular response to respiratory viruses with particular reference to children with disorders of cell-mediated immunity. J Pediatr 1980, 96: 179-186. 10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80799-2CrossRefPubMed Fishaut M, Tubergen D, McIntosh K: Cellular response to respiratory viruses with particular reference to children with disorders of cell-mediated immunity. J Pediatr 1980, 96: 179-186. 10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80799-2CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Nadal D, Wunderli W, Meurmann O, Briner J, Hirsig J: Isolation of respiratory syncytial virus from liver tissue and extrahepatic biliary atresia material. Scand J Infect Dis 1990, 22: 91-93.CrossRefPubMed Nadal D, Wunderli W, Meurmann O, Briner J, Hirsig J: Isolation of respiratory syncytial virus from liver tissue and extrahepatic biliary atresia material. Scand J Infect Dis 1990, 22: 91-93.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Zlateva KT, Van Ranst MV: Detection of subgroup B respiratory syncytial virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004, 23: 1065-1066.CrossRefPubMed Zlateva KT, Van Ranst MV: Detection of subgroup B respiratory syncytial virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004, 23: 1065-1066.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Checchia PA, Appel HJ, Kahn S, Smith FA, Shulman ST, Pahl E, Baden HP: Myocardial injury in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2000, 1: 146-150. 10.1097/00130478-200010000-00010CrossRefPubMed Checchia PA, Appel HJ, Kahn S, Smith FA, Shulman ST, Pahl E, Baden HP: Myocardial injury in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2000, 1: 146-150. 10.1097/00130478-200010000-00010CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Eisenhut M, Sidaras D, Johnson R, Newland P, Thorburn K: Cardiac troponin T levels and myocardial involvement in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus lung disease. Acta Paediatr 2004, 93: 887-890. 10.1080/08035250410016203CrossRefPubMed Eisenhut M, Sidaras D, Johnson R, Newland P, Thorburn K: Cardiac troponin T levels and myocardial involvement in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus lung disease. Acta Paediatr 2004, 93: 887-890. 10.1080/08035250410016203CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Eisenhut M, Thorburn K, Ahmed T: Transaminase levels in ventilated children with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Intensive Care Med 2004, 30: 931-934. 10.1007/s00134-004-2236-2CrossRefPubMed Eisenhut M, Thorburn K, Ahmed T: Transaminase levels in ventilated children with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Intensive Care Med 2004, 30: 931-934. 10.1007/s00134-004-2236-2CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Kho N, Kerrigan JF, Tong T, Browne R, Knilans J: Respiratory syncytial virus infection and neurologic abnormalities: Retrospective cohort study. J Child Neurol 2004, 19: 859-864.PubMed Kho N, Kerrigan JF, Tong T, Browne R, Knilans J: Respiratory syncytial virus infection and neurologic abnormalities: Retrospective cohort study. J Child Neurol 2004, 19: 859-864.PubMed
13.
go back to reference Sweetman LL, Ng Y-T, Butler IJ, Bodensteiner JB: Neurologic complications associated with respiratory syncytial virus. Pediatr Neurol 2005, 32: 307-310. 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.01.010CrossRefPubMed Sweetman LL, Ng Y-T, Butler IJ, Bodensteiner JB: Neurologic complications associated with respiratory syncytial virus. Pediatr Neurol 2005, 32: 307-310. 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.01.010CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Ng Y-t, Cox C, Atkins J, Butler IJ: Encephalopathy associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. J Child Neurol 2001, 16: 105-108.CrossRefPubMed Ng Y-t, Cox C, Atkins J, Butler IJ: Encephalopathy associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. J Child Neurol 2001, 16: 105-108.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Lindgren C, Groegaard J: Reflex apnoea response and inflammatory mediators in infants with respiratory tract infection. Acta Paediatr 1996, 85: 798-803.CrossRefPubMed Lindgren C, Groegaard J: Reflex apnoea response and inflammatory mediators in infants with respiratory tract infection. Acta Paediatr 1996, 85: 798-803.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Openshaw PJM: Antiviral immune responses and lung inflammation after respiratory syncytial virus infection. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2005, 2: 121-125. 10.1513/pats.200504-032AWCrossRefPubMed Openshaw PJM: Antiviral immune responses and lung inflammation after respiratory syncytial virus infection. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2005, 2: 121-125. 10.1513/pats.200504-032AWCrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Tripp RA, Oshansky C, Alvarez R: Cytokines and respiratory syncytial virus infection. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2005, 2: 147-149. 10.1513/pats.200502-014AWCrossRefPubMed Tripp RA, Oshansky C, Alvarez R: Cytokines and respiratory syncytial virus infection. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2005, 2: 147-149. 10.1513/pats.200502-014AWCrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Hanna S, Tibby SM, Durward A, Murdoch IA: Incidence of hyponatraemia and hyponatraemic seizures in severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Acta Paediatr 2003, 92: 430-434.CrossRefPubMed Hanna S, Tibby SM, Durward A, Murdoch IA: Incidence of hyponatraemia and hyponatraemic seizures in severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Acta Paediatr 2003, 92: 430-434.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Tasker RC, Roe MF, Bloxham DM, White DK, Ross-Russell RI, O'Donnell DR: The neuroendocrine stress response and severity of acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy. Intensive Care Med 2004, 30: 2257-2262. 10.1007/s00134-004-2470-7CrossRefPubMed Tasker RC, Roe MF, Bloxham DM, White DK, Ross-Russell RI, O'Donnell DR: The neuroendocrine stress response and severity of acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy. Intensive Care Med 2004, 30: 2257-2262. 10.1007/s00134-004-2470-7CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Culley FJ, Pennycook AM, Tregoning JS, Hussell T, Openshaw PJ: Differential chemokines expression following respiratory syncytial virus infection reflects Th1- or Th2-biased immunopathology. J Virol 2006, 80: 4521-4527. 10.1128/JVI.80.9.4521-4527.2006PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Culley FJ, Pennycook AM, Tregoning JS, Hussell T, Openshaw PJ: Differential chemokines expression following respiratory syncytial virus infection reflects Th1- or Th2-biased immunopathology. J Virol 2006, 80: 4521-4527. 10.1128/JVI.80.9.4521-4527.2006PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Think outside the box: extrapulmonary manifestations of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors
Kentigern Thorburn
C Anthony Hart
Publication date
01-08-2006
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Critical Care / Issue 4/2006
Electronic ISSN: 1364-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/cc5012

Other articles of this Issue 4/2006

Critical Care 4/2006 Go to the issue