Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery
Published in: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 1/2007

01-01-2007 | Current Concepts in Clinical Surgery

Therapeutic strategies for the management of delayed gastric emptying after pancreatic resection

Authors: Dimitrios Lytras, Kosmas I. Paraskevas, Costas Avgerinos, Costas Manes, Zisis Touloumis, Konstantina D. Paraskeva, Christos Dervenis

Published in: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | Issue 1/2007

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is one of the most troublesome postoperative complications following pancreatic resection. Not only does it contribute considerably to prolonged hospitalization, but it is also associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Methods

We performed an electronic and manual search of the international literature for studies dealing with the treatment of DGE following pancreatic resection using the Medline database. The search items used were “delayed gastric emptying,” “pancreaticoduodenectomy,” “Whipple procedure,” “pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy,” and “complications following pancreatic resection” in various combinations.

Results

A number of studies were identified regarding possible therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of DGE. From the class of prokinetic regimens, most studies seem to support the use of erythromycin. However, its use has not gained wide acceptance. Regarding the operative technique, both standard Whipple and pylorus-preserving pancreatic resection carry similar rates of DGE. Billroth II type-like gastrointestinal reconstruction is the most widely accepted method and is associated with lower rates of DGE. Reoperations for managing severe DGE were very rarely reported.

Conclusions

The incidence of DGE in high-volume centers specialized in pancreatic surgery is well below 20%, thus following the improved rates that have been reported in the last decade regarding mortality and length of hospital stay after pancreatic surgery. DGE mandates a uniform definition and method of evaluation to achieve homogeneity among studies. Standardization of the operative technique, as well as “centralizing” pancreatic resections in high-volume centers, should aid to improve the occurrence of this bothersome postoperative complication.
Literature
1.
Whipple AO (1941) The rationale for cancer of the pancreas and ampullary region. Ann Surg 114:612–615PubMed
2.
Watson K (1944) Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: successful radical resection. Br J Surg 31:368–373
3.
Traverso LW, Longmire WP Jr (1978) Preservation of the pylorus in pancreaticoduodenectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 146:959–962PubMed
4.
Traverso LW, Longmire WP Jr (1980) Preservation of the pylorus in pancreaticoduodenectomy—a follow-up evaluation. Ann Surg 192:306–309PubMed
5.
Warshaw AL, Torchiana DL (1985) Delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 160:1–4PubMed
6.
Gudjonsson B (1995) Carcinoma of the pancreas: critical analysis of costs, results of resections, and the need for standardized reporting. J Am Coll Surg 181:483–503PubMed
7.
Miedema BW, Sarr MG, van Heerden JA, Nagorney DM, McIlrath DC, Ilstrup D (1992) Complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Current management. Arch Surg 127:945–949PubMed
8.
Trede M, Schwall G, Saeger HD (1990) Survival after pancreatoduodenectomy. 118 consecutive resections without an operative mortality. Ann Surg 211:447–458PubMed
9.
Yeo CJ, Cameron JL, Sohn TA, Lillemoe KD, Pitt HA, Talamini MA, Hruban RH, Ord SE, Sauter PK, Coleman J, Zahurak ML, Grochow LB, Abrams RA (1997) Six hundred fifty consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies in the 1990s: pathology, complications, and outcomes. Ann Surg 226:248–257PubMed
10.
Lin PW, Lin YJ (1999) Prospective randomized comparison between pylorus-preserving and standard pancreaticoduodenectomy. Br J Surg 86:603–607PubMed
11.
Braasch JW, Gongliang J, Rossi RL (1984) Pancreatoduodenectomy with preservation of the pylorus. World J Surg 8:900–905PubMed
12.
Patel AG, Toyama MT, Kusske AM, Alexander P, Ashley SW, Reber HA (1995) Pylorus-preserving Whipple resection for pancreatic cancer. Is it any better? Arch Surg 130:838–842PubMed
13.
Yeo CJ, Barry MK, Sauter PK, Sostre S, Lillemoe KD, Pitt HA, Cameron JL (1993) Erythromycin accelerates gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Surg 218:229–237PubMed
14.
Fabre JM, Burgel JS, Navarro F, Boccarat G, Lemoine C, Domergue J (1999) Delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreaticogastrostomy. Eur J Surg 165:560–565PubMed
15.
van Berge Henegouwen MI, van Gulik TM, DeWit LT, Allema JH, Rauws EA, Obertop H, Gouma DJ (1997) Delayed gastric emptying after standard pancreaticoduodenectomy versus pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy: an analysis of 200 consecutive patients. J Am Coll Surg 185:373–379PubMed
16.
Fisher RS, Malmud LS, Bandini P, Rock E (1982) Gastric emptying of a physiologic mixed solid-liquid meal. Clin Nucl Med 7:215–221PubMed
17.
Martin JL, Beck WJ, McDonald AP, Carlson GM, Mathias JR (1983) 99mTc-labeled solid-phase meal: a quantitative clinical measurement of human gastric emptying. J Clin Gastroenterol 5:315–319PubMed
18.
Naslund E, Bogefors J, Gryback P, Jacobson H, Hailstorm PM (2000) Gastric emptying: comparison of scintigraphic, polyethylene glycol dilution, and paracetamol tracer assessment techniques. Scand J Gastroenterol 35:375–379PubMed
19.
Medhus AW, Lotus CM, Breese J, Husebye E (2001) Gastric emptying: the validity of the paracetamol absorption test adjusted for individual pharmacokinetics. Neurogastroenterol Motil 13:179–185PubMed
20.
Chew CG, Bartholomeusz FD, Bellon M, Chatterton BE (2003) Simultaneous 13C/14C dual isotope breath test measurement of gastric emptying of solid and liquid in normal subjects and patients: comparison with scintigraphy. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur 6:29–33PubMed
21.
Bjorkman DJ, Moore JG, Klein PD, Graham DY (1991) 13C-bicarbonate breath test as a measure of gastric emptying. Am J Gastroenterol 86:821–823PubMed
22.
Schwizer W, Fraser R, Borovicka J, Crelier G, Boesiger P, Fried M (1994) Measurement of gastric emptying and gastric motility by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dig Dis Sci 39(Suppl 12):101S–103SPubMed
23.
Kunz P, Crelier GR, Schweizer W, Borovicka J, Kreiss C, Fried M, Boesiger P (1998) Gastric emptying and motility: assessment with MR imaging—preliminary observations. Radiology 207:33–40PubMed
24.
Fox JE, Daniel EE, Jury J, Robotham H (1984) The mechanism of motilin excitation of the canine small intestine. Life Sci 34:1001–1006PubMed
25.
Naritomi G, Tanaka M, Matsunaga H, Yokohata K, Ogawa K, Chijiwa K, Yamaguchi K (1986) Pancreatic head resection with and without preservation of the duodenum: different postoperative gastric motility. Surgery 120:831–837
26.
Tanaka M, Sarr MG (1987) Total duodenectomy: effect on canine gastrointestinal motility. J Surg Res 42:483–493PubMed
27.
Tanaka M, Sarr MG (1988) Role of the duodenum in the control of canine gastrointestinal motility. Gastroenterology 94:622–629PubMed
28.
Tanaka A, Ueno T, Oka M, Suzuki T (2000) Effect of denervation of the pylorus and transection of the duodenum on acetaminophen absorption in rats; possible mechanism for early delayed gastric emptying after pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Tohoku J Exp Med 192:239–247PubMed
29.
Itani KM, Coleman RE, Meyers WC, Akwari OE (1986) Pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. A clinical and physiologic appraisal. Ann Surg 204:655–664PubMed
30.
Ueno T, Tanaka A, Hamanaka Y, Tsurumi M, Suzuki T (1995) A proposal mechanism of early delayed gastric emptying after pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 42:269–274PubMed
31.
Kim DK, Hindenburg AA, Sharma SK, Suk CH, Gress FG, Staszewski H, Grendell JH, Reed WP (2005) Is pylorospasm a cause of delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy? Ann Surg Oncol 12:222–227PubMed
32.
Horstmann O, Becker H, Post S, Nustede R (1999) Is delayed gastric emptying following pancreaticoduodenectomy related to pylorus preservation? Langenbecks Arch Surg 384:354–359PubMed
33.
Horstmann O, Markus PM, Ghadimi MB, Becker H (2004) Pylorus preservation has no impact on delayed gastric emptying after pancreatic head resection. Pancreas 28:69–74PubMed
34.
Park YC, Kim SW, Jang JY, Ahn YJ, Park YH (2003) Factors influencing delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. J Am Coll Surg 196:859–865PubMed
35.
Riediger H, Makowiec F, Schareck WD, Hopt UT, Adam U (2003) Delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy is strongly related to other postoperative complications. J Gastrointest Surg 7:758–765PubMed
36.
Hunt DR, McLean R (1989) Pylorus-preserving pancreatectomy: functional results. Br J Surg 76:1–176
37.
Murakami H, Suzuki H, Nakamura T (2002) Pancreatic fibrosis correlates with delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy. Ann Surg 235:240–245PubMed
38.
Braasch JW, Deziel DJ, Rossi RL, Watkins E Jr, Winter PF (1986) Pyloric and gastric preserving pancreatic resection: experience with 87 patients. Ann Surg 204:411–419PubMed
39.
Kim HC, Suzuki T, Kajiwara T, Miyashita T, Imamura M, Tobe T (1987) Exocrine and endocrine stomach after gastrobulbar preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 206:717–727PubMed
40.
Ogata Y, Hishinuma S (2002) The impact of pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy on surgical treatment for cancer of the pancreatic head. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 9:223–232PubMed
41.
Yamaguchi K, Kishinaka M, Nagai E, Nakano K, Ohtsuka T, Chijiwa K, Tanaka M (2001) Pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma with or without pylorus preservation. Hepatogastroenterology 48:1479–1485PubMed
42.
Balcom JH 4th, Rattner DW, Warshaw AL, Chang Y, Fernandez-del Castillo C (2001) Ten-year experience with 3 pancreatic resections: changing indications, older patients, and decreasing length of hospitalization. Arch Surg 136:391–398PubMed
43.
Roder JD, Stein HJ, Huttl W, Siewert JR (1992) Pylorus-preserving versus standard pancreatico-duodenectomy: an analysis of 110 pancreatic and periampullary carcinomas. Br J Surg 79:152–155PubMed
44.
Seiler CA, Wagner M, Sadowski C, Kulli C, Buchler MW (2000) Randomized prospective trial of pylorus-preserving vs. classic duodenopancreatectomy (Whipple procedure): initial clinical results. J Gastrointest Surg 4:443–452PubMed
45.
Tran KT, Smeenk HG, van Eijck CH, Kazemier G, Hop WC, Greve JW, Terpsta OT, Zijlstra JA, Klinkert P, Jeekel H (2004) Pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy versus standard Whipple procedure: a prospective, randomized, multicenter analysis of 170 patients with pancreatic and periampullary tumors. Ann Surg 240:738–745PubMed
46.
Klinkenbijl JH, van der Schelling GP, Hop WC, van Pel R, Bruining HA, Jeekel J (1992) The advantages of pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy in malignant disease of the pancreas and periampullary region. Ann Surg 216:142–145PubMed
47.
Shan YS, Tsai ML, Chiu NT, Lin PW (2005) Reconsideration of delayed gastric emptying in pancreaticoduodenectomy. World J Surg 29:873–879PubMed
48.
Seiler CA, Wagner M, Bachmann T, Redaelli CA, Schmied B, Uhl W, Friess H, Buchler MW (2005) Randomized clinical trial of pylorus-preserving duodenopancreatectomy versus classical Whipple resection-long term results. Br J Surg 92:547–556PubMed
49.
Lin PW, Shan YS, Lin YJ, Hung CJ (2005) Pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer: PPPD versus Whipple procedure. Hepatogastroenterology 52:1601–1604PubMed
50.
Yeo CJ, Cameron JL, Sohn TA, Coleman J, Sauter PK, Hruban RH, Pitt HA, Lillemoe KD (1999) Pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without extended retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma. Comparison of morbidity and mortality and short-term outcome. Ann Surg 229:613–624PubMed
51.
Toyota K, Okajima M, Ojima Y, Asahara T, Dohi K (1998) Motility of the canine pyloric ring following a pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. J Smooth Muscle Res 34:35–43PubMed
52.
Shiba Y, Mizumoto A, Satoh M, Inui A, Itoh Z, Omura S (1996) Effect of nonpeptide motilin agonist EM423 on release of gut and pancreatic hormones in conscious dogs. Gastroenterology 110:241–250PubMed
53.
Matsunaga H, Tanaka M, Naritomi G, Yokohata K, Yamaguchi K, Chijiwa K (1998) Effect of leucine 13-motilin (KW5139) on early gastric stasis after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 227:507–512PubMed
54.
Netzer P, Schmitt B, Inauen W (2002) Effects of ABT-229, a motilin agonist, on acid reflux, oesophageal motility and gastric emptying in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 16:1481–1490PubMed
55.
Talley NJ, Verlinden M, Snape W, Beker JA, Ducrotte P, Dettmer A, Brinkhoff E, Eaker G, Ohning G, Miner PB, Mathias JR, Fumagalli I, Staessen D, Mack RJ (2000) Failure of a motilin receptor agonist (ABT-229) to relieve the symptoms of functional dyspepsia in patients with and without delayed gastric emptying: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 14:1653–1661PubMed
56.
Takahata S, Ohtsuka T, Nabae T, Matsunaga H, Yokohata K, Yamaguchi K, Chijiwa K, Tanaka M (2002) Comparison of recovery of gastric phase III motility and gastric juice output after different types of gastrointestinal reconstruction following pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. J Gastroenterol 37:596–603PubMed
57.
Peeters TL (1993) Agonist effect of erythromycin and its analogues on motilin receptors. A new family of prokinetics? Clinical interest. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 56:257–260PubMed
58.
Tomomasa T, Kuroume T, Arai H, Wakabayashi K, Itoh Z (1986) Erythromycin induces migrating motor complex in human gastrointestinal tract. Dig Dis Sci 31:157–161PubMed
59.
Janssens J, Peeters TL, Vantrappen G, Tack J, Urbain JL, De Roo M, Muls E, Bouillon R (1990) Improvement of gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis by erythromycin. Preliminary studies. N Engl J Med 322:1028–1031PubMedCrossRef
60.
Matsunaga H, Tanaka M, Takahata S, Ogawa Y, Naritomi G, Yokohata K, Yamaguchi K, Chijiwa K (2000) Manometric evidence of improved early gastric stasis by erythromycin after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. World J Surg 24:1236–1241PubMed
61.
Ohwada S, Satoh Y, Kawate S, Yamada T, Kawamura O, Koyama T, Yoshimura S, Tomizawa N, Ogawa T, Morishita Y (2001) Low-dose erythromycin reduces delayed gastric emptying and improves gastric motility after Billroth I pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 234:668–674PubMed
62.
Tack J, Janssens J, Vantrappen G, Peeters T, Annese V, Depoortere I, Muls E, Bouillon R (1992) Effect of erythromycin on gastric motility in controls and in diabetic gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 103:72–79PubMed
63.
Schuurkes JA, Van Nueten JM, Van Daele PG, Reyntjens AJ, Janssen PA (1985) Motor-stimulating properties of cisapride on isolated gastrointestinal preparations of the guinea pig. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 234:775–783PubMed
64.
Camilleri M, Malagelada JR, Abell TL, Brown ML, Hench V, Zinsmeister AR (1989) Effect of six weeks of treatment with cisapride in gastroparesis and intestinal pseudoobstruction. Gastroenterology 96:704–712PubMed
65.
Corinaldesi R, Stanghellini V, Raiti C, Rea E, Salgemini R, Barbara L (1987) Effect of chronic administration of cisapride on gastric emptying of a solid meal and on dyspeptic symptoms in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. Gut 28:300–305PubMed
66.
Horowitz M, Maddox A, Harding PE, Maddern GJ, Chatterton BE, Wishart J, Shearman DJ (1987) Effect of cisapride on gastric and esophageal emptying in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Gastroenterology 92:1899–1907PubMed
67.
Takeda T, Yoshida J, Tanaka M, Matsunaga H, Yamaguchi K, Chijiwa K (1999) Delayed gastric emptying after Billroth I pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: effect of postoperative time and cisapride. Ann Surg 229:223–229PubMed
68.
Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJ, Jones MJ, Verlinden M, Talley NJ (2001) Efficacy of cisapride and domperidone in functional (nonulcer) dyspepsia: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 96:689–696PubMed
69.
Smalley W, Shatin D, Wysowski DK, Gurwitz J, Andrade SE, Goodman M, Chan KA, Platt R, Schech SD, Ray WA (2000) Contraindicated use of cisapride: impact of food and drug administration regulatory action. JAMA 284:3036–3039PubMed
70.
van Berge Henegouwen MI, Akkermans LM, van Gulik TM, Masclee AA, Moojen TM, Obertop H, Gouma DJ (1997) Prospective, randomized trial on the effect of cyclic versus continuous enteral nutrition on postoperative gastric function after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 226:677–685PubMed
71.
Martignoni ME, Friess H, Sell F, Ricken L, Shrikhande S, Kulli C, Buchler MW (2000) Enteral nutrition prolongs delayed gastric emptying in patients after Whipple resection. Am J Surg 180:18–23PubMed
72.
Goei TH, Henegouwen MI, Slooff MJ, van Gulik TM, Gouma DJ, Eddes EH (2001) Pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: influence of a Billroth I versus a Billroth II type of reconstruction on gastric emptying. Dig Surg 18:376–380PubMed
73.
Sugiyama M, Abe N, Ueki H, Masaki T, Mori T, Atomi Y (2004) A new reconstruction method for preventing delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Am J Surg 187:743–746PubMed
74.
Murakami H, Yasue M (2001) A vertical stomach reconstruction after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Am J Surg 181:149–152PubMed
75.
Tani M, Terasawa H, Kawai M, Ina S, Hirono S, Uchiyama K, Yamaue H (2006) Improvement of delayed gastric emptying in pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy: results of a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Ann Surg 243:316–320PubMed
76.
Fischer CP, Hong JC (2006) Method of pyloric reconstruction and impact upon delayed gastric emptying and hospital stay after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 10:215–219PubMed
77.
Cho A, Arita S, Koike N, Isaka N, Kusume K, Okazumi S, Makino H, Tohma T, Matsubara K, Gunji H, Ochiai T (2005) Two-staged hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy and interventional pancreaticojejunostomy. Hepatogastroenterology 52:1886–1888PubMed
78.
Lygidakis NJ, Jain S, Sacchi M, Vrachnos P (2005) Reappraisal of a method of reconstruction after pancreatoduodenectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 52:1077–1082PubMed
79.
Ayazi K, Ayazi S, Davaei M (2005) Pancreaticoduodenectomy with closing the pancreatic stump vs. standard Whipple’s procedure: a non-anastomotic technique. Hepatogastroenterology 52:617–619PubMed
80.
Kimura F, Suwa T, Sugiura T, Shinoda T, Miyazaki M, Itoh H (2002) Sepsis delays gastric emptying following pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 49:585–588PubMed
81.
Sohn TA, Yeo CJ, Cameron JL, Geschwind JF, Mitchell SE, Venbrux AC, Lillemoe KD (2003) Pancreaticoduodenectomy: role of interventional radiologists in managing patients and complications. J Gastrointest Surg 7:209–219PubMed
82.
Bartoli FG, Arnone GB, Ravera G, Bachi V (1991) Pancreatic fistula and relative mortality in malignant disease after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Review and statistical meta-analysis regarding 15 years of literature. Anticancer Res 11:1831–1848PubMed
83.
Friess FH, Malfertheiner P, Isenmann R, Kuhne H, Beger HG, Buchler MW (1996) The risk of pancreaticointestinal anastomosis can be predicted preoperatively. Pancreas 13:202–208PubMed
84.
Buchler M, Friess H, Klempa I, Hermanek P, Sulkowski U, Becker H, Schafmayer A, Baca I, Lorenz D, Meister et al (1992) Role of octreotide in the prevention of postoperative complications following pancreatic resection. Am J Surg 163:125–130PubMed
85.
Berberat PO, Friess H, Uhl W, Buchler MW (1999) The role of octreotide in the prevention of complications following pancreatic resection. Digestion 60(Suppl 2):15–22PubMed
86.
Konstadoulakis MM, Filippakis GM, Lagoudianakis E, Antonakis PT, Dervenis C, Bramis J (2005) Intra-arterial bolus octreotide administration during Whipple procedure in patients with fragile pancreas: a novel technique for safer pancreaticojejunostomy. J Surg Oncol 89:268–272PubMed
87.
Aonuma K (1994) Experimental studies on the gastroduodenojejunal motility and gastric emptying after duodenectomy with preservation of the total stomach and pylorus. J Smooth Muscle Res 30:147–164PubMed
88.
Yeo CJ, Cameron JL, Lillemoe KD, Sohn TA, Campbell KA, Sauter PK, Coleman J, Abrams RA, Hruban RH (2002) Pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without distal gastrectomy and extended rertoperitoneal lymphadenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma, part 2. Randomized controlled trial evaluating survival, morbidity, and mortality. Ann Surg 326:355–368
89.
Sumida K, Nimura Y, Yasui A, Miyachi M, Shibata Y, Kobayashi I (1999) Influence of vagal pyloric branches on gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility in patients following a pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 46:336–342PubMed
90.
Nagai H, Ohki J, Kondo Y, Yasuda T, Kasahara K, Kanazawa K (1996) Pancreatoduodenectomy with preservation of the pylorus and gastroduodenal artery. Ann Surg 223:194–198PubMed
91.
Hishinuma S, Ogata Y, Matsui J, Ozawa I (1998) Complications after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with gastrointestinal reconstruction by the Imanaga method. J Am Coll Surg 186:10–16PubMed
92.
Kurita N, Wada D, Harada M, Kawasaki H, Tashiro S (1998) Gastric function after pylorus-preserving duodenectomy in dogs. Hepatogastroenterology 45:260–267PubMed
93.
Izbicki JR, Bloechle C, Broering DC, Knoefel WT, Kuechler T, Broelsch CE (1998) Extended drainage versus resection in surgery for chronic pancreatitis: a prospective randomized trial comparing the longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy combined with local pancreatic head excision with the pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 228:771–779PubMed
94.
Buchler MW, Friess H, Muller MW, Wheatley AM, Beger HG (1995) Randomized trial of duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection versus pylorus-preserving Whipple in chronic pancreatitis. Am J Surg 169:65–69PubMed
95.
Yamaguchi K, Tanaka M, Chijiwa K, Nagakawa T, Imamura M, Takada T (1999) Early and late complications of pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy in Japan 1998. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 6:303–311PubMed
96.
Buchler MW, Wagner M, Schmied M, Uhl W, Friess H, Graggen K (2003) Changes in morbidity after pancreatic resection: toward the end of completion pancreatectomy. Arch Surg 138:1310–1314PubMed
97.
Jimenez RE, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Rattner DW, Chang Y, Warshaw AL (2000) Outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy with pylorus preservation or with antrectomy in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Ann Surg 231:293–300PubMed
98.
Williamson RC, Bliouras N, Cooper MJ, Davies ER (1993) Gastric emptying and enterogastric reflux after conservative and conventional pancreatoduodenectomy. Surgery 114:82–86PubMed
99.
Kobayashi I, Miyachi M, Kanai M, Nagino M, Kondo S, Kamiya J, Nakao M, Hayakawa N, Nimura Y (1998) Different gastric emptying of solid and liquid meals after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Br J Surg 85:927–930PubMed
100.
Lupo LG, Pannarale OC, Altomare DF, Caputi L, Dell’Erba L, Ricci P, Memeo V (1998) Is pyloric function preserved in pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy? Eur J Surg 164:127–132PubMed
101.
Kozuschek W, Reith HB, Waleczek H, Haarmann W, Edelmann M, Sonntag D (1994) A comparison of long term results of the standard Whipple procedure and the pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. J Am Coll Surg 178:443–453PubMed
102.
Sato T, Konishi K, Yabushita K, Kimura H, Maeda K, Tsuji M, Kinuya K, Nakajima K (2000) Long-term postoperative functional evaluation of pylorus preservation in Imanaga pancreatoduodenectomy. Dig Dis Sci 45:1907–1912PubMed
103.
Wenger FA, Jacobi CA, Haubold K, Zieren HU, Muller JM (1999) Gastrointestinal quality of life after duodenopancreatectomy in pancreatic carcinoma. Preliminary results of a prospective randomized study: pancreatoduodenectomy or pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Chirurg 70:1454–1459PubMed
104.
Kurosaki I, Hatakeyama K (2005) Clinical and surgical factors influencing delayed gastric emptying after pyloric-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 52:143–148PubMed
105.
Begg CB, Cramer LD, Hoskins WJ, Brennan MF (1998) Impact of hospital volume on operative mortality for major cancer surgery. JAMA 280:1747–1751PubMed
106.
Gouma DJ, van Geenen RC, van Gulik TM, de Haan RJ, de Wit LT, Busch OR, Obertop H (2000) Rates of complications and death after pancreaticoduodenectomy: risk factors and the impact of hospital volume. Ann Surg 232:786–795PubMed
107.
Neoptolemos JP, Russel RC, Bramhall S, Theis B (1997) Low mortality following resection for pancreatic and periampullary tumours in 1026 patients: UK survey of specialist pancreatic units. UK Pancreatic Cancer Group. Br J Surg 84:1370–1376PubMed
108.
Brooks AD, Marcus SG, Gradek C, Newman E, Shamamian TH, Gouge H, Pachter HL, Eng K (2000) Decreasing length of stay after pancreatoduodenectomy. Arch Surg 135:823–830PubMed
109.
Yeo CJ, Cameron JL, Maher MM, Sauter PK, Zahurak ML, Talamini MA, Lillemoe KD, Pitt HA (1995) A prospective randomized trial of pancreaticogastrostomy versus pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 222:588–592CrossRef
110.
Porter GA, Pisters PW, Mansyur C, Bisanz A, Reyna K, Stanford P, Lee JE, Evans DB (2000) Cost and utilization impact of a clinical pathway for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 7:484–489PubMed
111.
Gordon TA, Bowman HM, Tielsch JM, Bass EB, Burleyson GP, Cameron JL (1998) Statewide regionalization of pancreaticoduodenectomy and its effect on in-hospital mortality. Ann Surg 228:71–78PubMed
112.
Gordon TA, Burleyson GP, Tielsch JM, Cameron JL (1995) The effects of regionalization on cost and outcome for one general high-risk surgical procedure. Ann Surg 221:43–49PubMed
113.
Gouma DJ, Obertop H (1999) Centralization of surgery for periampullary malignancy. Br J Surg 86:1361–1362PubMed
114.
Birkmeyer JD, Finlayson SR, Tosteson AN, Sharp SM, Warshaw AL, Fisher ES (1999) Effect of hospital volume on in-hospital mortality with pancreaticoduodenectomy. Surgery 125:250–256PubMed
115.
Schmidt CM, Powell ES, Yiannoutsos CT, Howard TJ, Wiebke EA, Wiesenauer CA, Baumgardner JA, Cummings OW, Jacobson LE, Broadie TA, Canal DF, Goulet RJ Jr, Curie EA, Cardenes H, Watkins JM, Loehrer PJ, Lillemoe KD, Madure JA (2004) Pancreaticoduodenectomy: a 20-year experience in 516 patients. Arch Surg 139:718–725PubMed
Metadata
Title
Therapeutic strategies for the management of delayed gastric emptying after pancreatic resection
Authors
Dimitrios Lytras
Kosmas I. Paraskevas
Costas Avgerinos
Costas Manes
Zisis Touloumis
Konstantina D. Paraskeva
Christos Dervenis
Publication date
01-01-2007
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery / Issue 1/2007
Print ISSN: 1435-2443
Electronic ISSN: 1435-2451
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-006-0096-7

Other articles of this Issue 1/2007

Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 1/2007 Go to the issue

How To Do It

Hepatic resection using heat coagulative necrosis. First report of successful trisegmentectomy after hypertrophy induction

Original Article

Presence of white bile in malignant biliary obstruction is associated with poor prognosis: personal preliminary observations

Case Management and Clinical Consequences

Scar endometriosis—a gynaecologic pathology often presented to the general surgeon rather than the gynaecologist: report of two cases

Letter to the Editor

Biliary peritonitis for duct of Luschka bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed with a 10-mm harmonic scalpel

Letter to the Editor

Morbidity after pancreatic resection

Original Article

Radiofrequency ablation combined with palliative surgery may prolong survival of patients with advanced cancer of the pancreas